scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Regenerative Engineering: Biomaterials, Structures, and Small Molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan James ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Science ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials

Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration they show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The future of regenerative medicine is the combination of advanced biomaterials, structures, and cues to re-engineer/guide stem cells to yield the desired organ cells and tissues. Tissue engineering strategies were ideally suited to repair damaged tissues; however, the substitution and regeneration of large tissue volumes and multi-level tissues such as complex organ systems integrated into a single phase require more than optimal combinations of biomaterials and biologics. We highlight bioinspired advancements leading to novel regenerative scaffolds especially for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. Tissue and organ regeneration relies on the spatial and temporal control of biophysical and biochemical cues, including soluble molecules, cell-cell contacts, cell-extracellular matrix contacts, and physical forces. Strategies that recapitulate the complexity of the local microenvironment of the tissue and the stem cell niche play a crucial role in regulating cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biomaterials and scaffolds based on biomimicry of the native tissue will enable convergence of the advances in materials science, the advances in stem cell science, and our understanding of developmental biology.

The Evolution and Application of Regenerative Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan James ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multi Level

ABSTRACTCurrent treatment options for tissue loss or organ failure include organ/tissue transplantation of autografts/allografts, delivery of bioactive agents, and utilization of synthetic replacements composed of metals, polymers, and ceramics. However each strategy suffers from a number of limitations. The early attempts to overcome these drawbacks led to the emergence of tissue engineering that provided viable tissue substitutes using a combination of biomaterials, cells, and factors. This approach was ideally suited to repair damaged tissues; however the substitution and regeneration of large tissue volumes and multi-level tissues such as complex organ systems require more than optimal combinations of biomaterials and biologics.‘Regenerative Engineering’ is aimed at creating large and complex tissue systems incorporating advances in material science, stem cell technology and developmental biology. We believe that recent breakthrough technologies in advanced materials science and nanotechnology allow us to recapitulate native tissues. The novel designer polymers incorporate bioactivity and physical features specific to a regeneration application. Overall, engineered materials and scaffolds afford selective control of cell sensitivity, and precise control of temporal and spatial stimulatory cues. We aim to build multi-level systems such as organs through location-specific topographies and physico-chemical cues incorporated into a continuous phase using a combination of classical top-down tissue engineering approach with bottom-up strategies used in regenerative biology.Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The development of material and structural platforms to modulate stem cell behavior to enhance regeneration is an area of great interest. In this manuscript we cover some examples of material development, and incorporation of topographical and cytokine cues to modulate the differentiation of hard and soft musculoskeletal tissues such as bone, ligament and tendon.

scholarly journals Organ regeneration does not require a functional stem cell niche in plants

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 457 (7233) ◽  
pp. 1150-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sena ◽  
Xiaoning Wang ◽  
Hsiao-Yun Liu ◽  
Hugo Hofhuis ◽  
Kenneth D. Birnbaum
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Cell Niche

Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caldon J Esdaille ◽  
Kenyatta S Washington ◽  
Cato T Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Stem Cell Science

Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. It is an expansion of tissue engineering, which was first developed as a method of repair and restoration of human tissue. In the past three decades, advances in regenerative engineering have made it possible to treat a variety of clinical challenges by utilizing cutting-edge technology currently available to harness the body’s healing and regenerative abilities. The emergence of new information in developmental biology, stem cell science, advanced material science and nanotechnology have provided promising concepts and approaches to regenerate complex tissues and structures.

scholarly journals Interventional Strategies to Delay Aging-Related Dysfunctions of the Musculoskeletal System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomasa Fukase ◽  
Ingrid K. Stake ◽  
Yoichi Murata ◽  
William S. Hambright ◽  
Sudheer Ravuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Novel Approaches

Aging affects bones, cartilage, muscles, and other connective tissue in the musculoskeletal system, leading to numerous age-related pathologies including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. Understanding healthy aging may therefore open new therapeutic targets, thereby leading to the development of novel approaches to prevent several age-related orthopaedic diseases. It is well recognized that aging-related stem cell depletion and dysfunction leads to reduced regenerative capacity in various musculoskeletal tissues. However, more recent evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence might be fundamental mechanisms associated with aging-related musculoskeletal decline. The mammalian/mechanical target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is known to be an essential negative regulator of autophagy, and its inhibition has been demonstrated to promote longevity in numerous species. Besides, several reports demonstrate that selective elimination of senescent cells and their cognate Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) can mitigate musculoskeletal tissue decline. Therefore, senolytic drugs/agents that can specifically target senescent cells, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to treat a litany of age-related orthopaedic conditions. This chapter focuses on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, very common debilitating orthopaedic conditions, and reviews current concepts highlighting new therapeutic strategies, including the mTOR inhibitors, senolytic agents, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies.

Regenerative Engineering: Studies of the Rotator Cuff and other Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 1255-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan James ◽  
Paulos Mengsteab ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
Tissue Systems ◽  
Stem Cell Science ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials

ABSTRACT‘Regenerative Engineering’ is the integration of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation to regenerate complex tissues and organ systems. Advanced biomaterial and stem cell science converge as mechanisms to guide regeneration and the development of prescribed cell lineages from undifferentiated stem cell populations. Studies in somite development and tissue specification have provided significant insight into pathways of biological regulation responsible for tissue determination, especially morphogen gradients, and paracrine and contact-dependent signaling. The understanding of developmental biology mechanisms are shifting the biomaterial design paradigm by the incorporation of molecules into scaffold design and biomaterial development that are specifically targeted to promote the regeneration of soft tissues. Our understanding allows the selective control of cell sensitivity, and a temporal and spatial arrangement to modulate the wound healing mechanism, and the development of cell phenotype leading to the patterning of distinct and multi-scale tissue systems.Building on the development of mechanically compliant novel biomaterials, the integration of spatiotemporal control of biological, chemical and mechanical cues helps to modulate the stem cell niche and direct the differentiation of stem cell lineages. We have developed advanced biomaterials and biomimetic scaffold designs that can recapitulate the native tissue structure and mechanical compliance of soft musculoskeletal tissues, such as woven scaffold systems for ACL regeneration, non-woven scaffolds for rotator cuff tendon augmentation, and porous elastomers for regeneration of muscle tissue. Studies have clearly demonstrated the modulation of stem cell response to bulk biomaterial properties, such as toughness and elasticity, and scaffold structure, such as nanoscale and microscale dimensions. The integration of biological cues inspired from our understanding of developmental biology, along with chemical, mechanical and electrical stimulation drives our development of novel biomaterials aimed at specifying the stem cell lineage within 3-dimensional (3D) tissue systems. This talk will cover the development of biological cues, advanced biomaterials, and scaffold designs for the regeneration of complex soft musculoskeletal tissue systems such as ligament, tendon, and muscle.

Regenerative Engineering-The Convergence Quest

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 1665-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cato Laurencin ◽  
Naveen Nagiah
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Stem Cell Science

ABSTRACTWe define Regenerative Engineering as a Convergence of Advanced Materials Science, Stem Cell Science, Physics, Developmental Biology, and Clinical Translation. We believe that an “un-siloed’ technology approach will be important in the future to realize grand challenges such as limb and organ regeneration. We also believe that biomaterials will play a key role in achieving overall translational goals. Through convergence of a number of technologies, with advanced materials science playing an important role, we believe the prospect of engaging future grand challenges is possible. Regenerative Engineering as a field is particularly suited for solving clinical problems that are relevant today. The paradigms utilized can be applied to the regeneration of tissue in the shoulder where tendon and muscle currently have low levels of regenerative capability, and the consequences, especially in alternative surgical solutions for massive tendon and muscle loss at the shoulder have demonstrated significant morbidity. Polymer, polymer-cell, and polymer biological factor, and polymer-physical systems can be utilized to propose a range of solutions to shoulder tissue regeneration. The approaches, possibilities, limitations and future strategies, allow for a variety of clinical solutions in musculoskeletal disease treatment.

Tissue Stem Cells and Stem Cell Niche of the Human Vocal Fold

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
S. Chitose ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
F. Sato ◽  
T. Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Cell Niche
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