The Evolution and Application of Regenerative Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan James ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multi Level

ABSTRACTCurrent treatment options for tissue loss or organ failure include organ/tissue transplantation of autografts/allografts, delivery of bioactive agents, and utilization of synthetic replacements composed of metals, polymers, and ceramics. However each strategy suffers from a number of limitations. The early attempts to overcome these drawbacks led to the emergence of tissue engineering that provided viable tissue substitutes using a combination of biomaterials, cells, and factors. This approach was ideally suited to repair damaged tissues; however the substitution and regeneration of large tissue volumes and multi-level tissues such as complex organ systems require more than optimal combinations of biomaterials and biologics.‘Regenerative Engineering’ is aimed at creating large and complex tissue systems incorporating advances in material science, stem cell technology and developmental biology. We believe that recent breakthrough technologies in advanced materials science and nanotechnology allow us to recapitulate native tissues. The novel designer polymers incorporate bioactivity and physical features specific to a regeneration application. Overall, engineered materials and scaffolds afford selective control of cell sensitivity, and precise control of temporal and spatial stimulatory cues. We aim to build multi-level systems such as organs through location-specific topographies and physico-chemical cues incorporated into a continuous phase using a combination of classical top-down tissue engineering approach with bottom-up strategies used in regenerative biology.Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The development of material and structural platforms to modulate stem cell behavior to enhance regeneration is an area of great interest. In this manuscript we cover some examples of material development, and incorporation of topographical and cytokine cues to modulate the differentiation of hard and soft musculoskeletal tissues such as bone, ligament and tendon.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Regenerative Engineering: Biomaterials, Structures, and Small Molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan James ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Science ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials

Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration they show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The future of regenerative medicine is the combination of advanced biomaterials, structures, and cues to re-engineer/guide stem cells to yield the desired organ cells and tissues. Tissue engineering strategies were ideally suited to repair damaged tissues; however, the substitution and regeneration of large tissue volumes and multi-level tissues such as complex organ systems integrated into a single phase require more than optimal combinations of biomaterials and biologics. We highlight bioinspired advancements leading to novel regenerative scaffolds especially for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. Tissue and organ regeneration relies on the spatial and temporal control of biophysical and biochemical cues, including soluble molecules, cell-cell contacts, cell-extracellular matrix contacts, and physical forces. Strategies that recapitulate the complexity of the local microenvironment of the tissue and the stem cell niche play a crucial role in regulating cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biomaterials and scaffolds based on biomimicry of the native tissue will enable convergence of the advances in materials science, the advances in stem cell science, and our understanding of developmental biology.

Evolving Concepts for Use of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 279-313
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Sarvepalli ◽  
Rajalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are increasing worldwide with impaired repair mechanisms, leading to tissue and organ failure. With the current advancements, life expectancy has improved and has led to search for new treatment strategies that improves tissue regeneration. Recently, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering has captured the attention of clinicians, scientists, and patients as alternative treatment options. The overall clinical experience of these suggests that they can be safely used in the right clinical setting. Ultimately, large outcome trials will have to be conducted to assess their efficacy. Clinical trials have to be carefully designed and patient safety must remain the key concern. At the same time, continued basic research is required to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-based therapies and cell tissue interactions. This chapter reviews the evolving paradigm of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches for clinical application and explores its implications.

Composites and Structures for Regenerative Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 1621 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cato T. Laurencin ◽  
Roshan James
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Increasing Demand

ABSTRACTRegenerative engineering was conceptualized by bridging the lessons learned in developmental biology and stem cell science with biomaterial constructs and engineering principles to ultimately generate de novo tissue. We seek to incorporate our understanding of natural tissue development to design tissue-inducing biomaterials, structures and composites than can stimulate the regeneration of complex tissues, organs, and organ systems through location-specific topographies and physico-chemical cues incorporated into a continuous phase. This combination of classical top-down tissue engineering approach with bottom-up strategies used in regenerative biology represents a new multidisciplinary paradigm. Advanced surface topographies and material scales are used to control cell fate and the consequent regenerative capacity.Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration they show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The increasing demand for biologically compatible donor tissue and organ transplants far outstrips the availability leading to an acute shortage. We have developed several biomimetic structures using various biomaterial platforms to combine optimal mechanical properties, porosity, bioactivity, and functionality to effect repair and regeneration of hard tissues such as bone, and soft tissues such as ligament and tendon. Starting with simple structures, we have developed composite and multi-scale systems that very closely mimic the native tissue architecture and material composition. Ultimately, we aim to modulate the regenerative potential, including proliferation, phenotype maturation, matrix production, and apoptosis through cell-scaffold and host –scaffold interactions developing complex tissues and organ systems.

Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caldon J Esdaille ◽  
Kenyatta S Washington ◽  
Cato T Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Stem Cell Science

Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. It is an expansion of tissue engineering, which was first developed as a method of repair and restoration of human tissue. In the past three decades, advances in regenerative engineering have made it possible to treat a variety of clinical challenges by utilizing cutting-edge technology currently available to harness the body’s healing and regenerative abilities. The emergence of new information in developmental biology, stem cell science, advanced material science and nanotechnology have provided promising concepts and approaches to regenerate complex tissues and structures.

Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering in Medical Practice: Ethical and Regulatory Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Regulatory Policies

Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering, in present time, have emerged as a legalized and regulated stem cell treatment option globally, but scientifically, their success is unestablished. Novel stem cell-based therapies have evolved as innovative and routine clinical solutions by commercial companies and hospitals across the world. Such rampant spread of stem cell clinics throughout UK, US, Europe and Asia reflect the public encouragement of benefits to incurable diseases. However, ever growing stem cell therapy developments need constant dogwatch and careful policy making by government regulatory bodies for prompt action in case of any untoward public concern. Therefore, researchers and physicians must keep themselves abreast of current knowledge on stem cells, tissue engineering devices in treatment and its safe legal limits. With this aim, stem cell scienctific developments, treatment options and legal scenario are introduced here to beginner or actively inolved scientists and physicians. Introduction to stem cell therapy will provide basic information to beginner researchers and practice physicians on engineered stem cell research concepts and present stem cell therapy federal regulations in different North American, European and Asian countries. FDA, CDC, EU, ICMR government policies in different countries include information on the current legal position, ethical policies, regulatory oversight and relevant laws.

Cell-based tissue engineering for lung regeneration

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. L510-L518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano F. Andrade ◽  
Amy P. Wong ◽  
Thomas K. Waddell ◽  
Shaf Keshavjee ◽  
Mingyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Lung Regeneration

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by alveolar enlargement and tissue loss. Tissue engineering represents an attractive potential for regeneration of several organ systems. The complex three-dimensional architectural structure of lung parenchyma requiring connections of alveolar units to airways and the pulmonary circulation makes this strategy less optimistic. In the present study, we used Gelfoam sponge as a scaffold material, supplemented with fetal rat lung cells as progenitors, to explore the potential application of cell-based tissue engineering for lung regeneration in adult rats. After injection into lung parenchyma, the sponge showed porous structures similar to alveolar units. It did not induce severe local inflammatory response. Fetal lung cells in the sponge were able to survive in the adult lung for at least 35 days, determined by CMTMR [5-(and-6)-{[(4-chloromethyl)benzoyl]amino}tetramethylrhodamine] labeling. Proliferation of cells within the sponge was demonstrated in vivo by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Cells formed “alveolar-like structures” at the border between the sponge and the surrounding lung tissue with positive immunohistochemical staining for epithelial and endothelial cells. Neovascularization of the sponge was demonstrated with India ink perfusion. The sponge degraded after several months. This study suggests that cell-based tissue engineering possesses the potential to regenerate alveolar-like structures, an important step towards our ultimate goal of lung regeneration.

Tissue Engineering in Urology: Between Basic Research and Clinical Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
C. Alberti ◽  
M. Mediago ◽  
G. Chiapello ◽  
G Arena
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Corpora Cavernosa ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
And Function

Tissue engineering follows the principles of cell and tissue culture, cloning and stem cell production, and materials science to develop biological substitutes, which could repair and maintain normal function. The biomaterials must be able to control the structure and function of engineered tissue by interacting with both transplanted and host cells. Either natural or synthetic biodegradable materials have been used as cell delivery scaffolds. The stem cell field is also advancing rapidly, opening new options for regenerative medicine. In the genitourinary system, tissue engineering has been applied experimentally for the reconstitution of pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra, penile corpora cavernosa and testis. This literature review underlines recent advances that have occurred in tissue engineering and describes their clinical repercussions, particularly in offering novel therapies in urogenital pathology.

Evolving Concepts for Use of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-543
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Sarvepalli ◽  
Rajalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are increasing worldwide with impaired repair mechanisms, leading to tissue and organ failure. With the current advancements, life expectancy has improved and has led to search for new treatment strategies that improves tissue regeneration. Recently, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering has captured the attention of clinicians, scientists, and patients as alternative treatment options. The overall clinical experience of these suggests that they can be safely used in the right clinical setting. Ultimately, large outcome trials will have to be conducted to assess their efficacy. Clinical trials have to be carefully designed and patient safety must remain the key concern. At the same time, continued basic research is required to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-based therapies and cell tissue interactions. This chapter reviews the evolving paradigm of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches for clinical application and explores its implications.

Stem Cells in Drug Discovery, Tissue Engineering, and Regenerative Medicine: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Sanjit Nirmalanandhan ◽  
G. Sitta Sittampalam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Organ Systems

Stem cells, irrespective of their origin, have emerged as valuable reagents or tools in human health in the past 2 decades. Initially, a research tool to study fundamental aspects of developmental biology is now the central focus of generating transgenic animals, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine to address degenerative diseases of multiple organ systems. This is because stem cells are pluripotent or multipotent cells that can recapitulate developmental paths to repair damaged tissues. However, it is becoming clear that stem cell therapy alone may not be adequate to reverse tissue and organ damage in degenerative diseases. Existing small-molecule drugs and biologicals may be needed as “molecular adjuvants” or enhancers of stem cells administered in therapy or adult stem cells in the diseased tissues. Hence, a combination of stem cell-based, high-throughput screening and 3D tissue engineering approaches is necessary to advance the next wave of tools in preclinical drug discovery. In this review, the authors have attempted to provide a basic account of various stem cells types, as well as their biology and signaling, in the context of research in regenerative medicine. An attempt is made to link stem cells as reagents, pharmacology, and tissue engineering as converging fields of research for the next decade. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:755-768)

Scaffold-Free Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering to Repair Cartilage and Its Potential Application to Other Musculoskeletal Tissues

2017 ◽  
pp. 537-551
Author(s):  
Kazunori Shimomura ◽  
Wataru Ando ◽  
Hiromichi Fujie ◽  
David A. Hart ◽  
Hideki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues
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