scholarly journals Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Homocysteine Metabolism through Regulating the Gene Expressions Involved in Methionine Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xiaojie Hu ◽  
Nicholas Khan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Key Genes

The objective was to investigate the regulatory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on mRNA expression of key genes involved in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The oils were orally administered daily for 8 weeks. Plasma Hcy, phospholipids fatty acids, and mRNA expression were determined. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy was significantly decreased in the 22:6n-3and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) groups; mRNA expression ofMthfrwas significantly upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, and 18:3n-3groups and downregulated in the 18:2n-6and stearolic acid (SO) groups.Mat1awas upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3, and CLA groups. In addition,Cbswas upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3and CLA groups while downregulated in 18:2n-6and SO groups. Dietary 22:6n-3and CLA decrease the plasma concentration of Hcy. mRNA expression ofMthfr, Mat1a, CbsandPemt, Gnmt, Mtrr, andBadis upregulated byn-3PUFA and downregulated byn-6PUFA. CLA upregulates mRNA expression ofMat1aandCbs.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoylethanolamide ameliorates osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1486
Author(s):  
Jae In Jung ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Young Eun Jeon ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Su Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractNovel treatment strategies are urgently required for osteoarthritis (OA). Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to examine its effect on OA and elucidate the molecular mechanism of actions in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA Sprague–Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into normal control group (injected with saline + treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NOR), control group (injected with MIA + treated with PBS, CON), 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day PEA-treated group (injected with MIA + treated with 50 or 100 mg of PEA/kg BW/day, PEA50 or PEA100), and positive control group (injected with MIA + treated with 6 mg of diclofenac/kg BW/day, DiC). The changes in blood parameters, body parameters, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, knee thickness, and joint tissue were observed. Oral administration of PEA had no adverse effects on the BW, liver, or kidneys. PEA reduced knee joint swelling and cartilage degradation in MIA-induced OA rats. The serum levels of leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and prostaglandin E2 considerably reduced in the PEA100 group compared with those in the CON group. In the synovia of knee joints, the mRNA expression of iNOS, 5-Lox, Cox-2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, and Mmp-2, -3, -9, and -13 apparently increased with MIA administration. Meanwhile, Timp-1 mRNA expression apparently decreased in the CON group but increased to the normal level with PEA treatment. Thus, PEA can be an effective therapeutic agent for OA.

Gold Nanoparticles with Dexmedetomidine Regulate GSK-3β to Reduce Neurocognitive Effects in Anesthetized Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 6205-6211
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Zumin Xing ◽  
Jiyuan Li ◽  
Shuyi Tang ◽  
Yiwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Neurocognitive Effect

The aim of this study was to explore the neurocognitive effects of dexmedetomidine-loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-dexmedetomidine) on anesthetized rats. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats (age, 2–3 weeks; weight, 250–280 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20): the control group and two groups that received intraperitoneal injection of AuNPs-dexmedetomidine at 50 and 100 μg/kg each. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of GSK-3β, respectively. Compared with that in the control group, GSK-3β expression in AuNP-dexmedetomidine groups increased (P < 0.05). The protein expression of GSK-3β was higher and mRNA expression was significantly lower in the 100 μg/kg AuNP-dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). AuNPs-dexmedetomidine reduced the neurocognitive effect on anesthetized rats through the regulation of the GSK-3β signaling pathway.

scholarly journals The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae In Jung ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Young Eun Jeon ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Su Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Novel treatment strategies are urgently required for osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to examine its effect on OA and molecular mechanism of actions in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: normal control group (injected with saline + treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NOR), control group (injected with MIA + treated with PBS, CON), 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day PEA-treated group (injected with MIA + treated with 50 or 100 mg of PEA/kg BW/day, PEA50 or PEA 100), and positive control group (injected with MIA + treated with 6 mg of diclofenac/kg BW/day, DiC). Changes in blood and body parameters, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, knee thickness, and joint tissue were observed. We found no adverse effects of oral administration of PEA on BW, liver, or kidneys. PEA reduced knee joint swelling and cartilage degradation in MIA-induced OA rats. The serum levels of leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and prostaglandin E2 considerably reduced in the PEA100 group compared to those in the CON group. In the synovia of knee joints, mRNA expression of iNOS, 5-Lox, Cox-2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, Mmp-2, -3, -9, and − 13 noticeably reduced with MIA administration. Meanwhile, Timp-1 mRNA expression noticeably decreased in the CON group but increased to the normal level with PEA treatment. Thus, we demonstrated that PEA can be used as an effective therapeutic agent for OA.

scholarly journals Feeding the Outer Bran Fraction of Rice Alters Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Mana Kawaguchi ◽  
Nao Nishikoba ◽  
Saki Shimamoto ◽  
Shozo Tomonaga ◽  
Rukana Kohrogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding

Dietary intake of fiber-rich food has been reported to contribute to multiple health benefits. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of a diet containing the outer bran fraction of rice (OBFR), which is rich in insoluble fiber, on the intestinal environment and metabolite profiles of rats. Fourteen 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a control group and an OBFR group. For a period of 21 days, the control group was fed a control diet, while the OBFR group was fed a diet containing 5% OBFR. Metabolomics analysis revealed drastic changes in the cecal metabolites of the rats fed the OBFR diet. Furthermore, in the plasma and liver tissue, the concentrations of metabolites involved in pyruvate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, or valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation were changed. Concordantly, the OBFR diet increased the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways in the livers of the rats. Collectively, these results suggest that the OBFR diet altered the concentrations of metabolites in the cecal contents, plasma, and liver, and the hepatic gene expressions of rats, and that this may have mainly contributed to carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.

scholarly journals The relationships between dietary α-linolenic: linoleic acid and rat platelet eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Leece ◽  
Margaret A. Allman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Increased dietary intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) may be desirable to enrich tissue eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) but competition between n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for enzymes involved in elongation and subsequent acylation will determine the relative proportions of phospholipid fatty acids. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of altering the dietary ALA: linoleic acid (LA) ratio on rat platelet EPA and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) concentrations. Sprague Dawley rats were fed on diets containing 30% total energy as fat with approximately 10% each of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids with one of the following ALA:LA values; 1:7, l:4, l:1 or 1.3:1 (nine rats per group). After 4 weeks, blood was withdrawn from the abdominal aorta and platelet fatty acids analysed. The proportion of EPA was greater at the 1:1 and 1·3:1 ratios compared with the 1:7 and 1:4 (P < 0·05), and a decrease in AA was observed (P < 0·05) at the higher ratios. It was established that the platelet EPA:AA value increased (P < 0·05) as the dietary ALA:LA value increased

Effects and Mechanisms of Auricular Electroacupuncture on Visceral Pain Induced by Colorectal Distension in Conscious Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Shasha Hu ◽  
Jianbin Zhang ◽  
Jingzhu Zhou ◽  
Hongxing Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colorectal Distension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Auricular Electroacupuncture ◽  
Raphé Nuclei

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension (CRD). Methods Twenty-nine female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control; untreated CRD; CRD+AEA; and CRD+sham electroacupuncture (SEA). An electromyogram (EMG) was recorded for 120 min in the conscious state. After a 30 min baseline recording, CRD was performed in untreated CRD, AEA and SEA groups and lasted for 90 min. AEA and SEA were started at 30 min and lasted for 30 min. The EMG was recorded and analysed to evaluate the severity of visceral pain, indicated by the magnitude of the vasomotor response (VMR). mRNA expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1a (5-HT1a) receptor was measured separately in the colon and raphe nuclei using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results No differences were seen in the baseline EMG among the four groups (p>0.05). During pre-stimulation, VMR magnitude in the CRD, AEA and SEA groups increased compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). During stimulation, the VMR magnitude was significantly decreased in AEA but not SEA groups relative to the (untreated) CRD group. Similarly, mRNA expression of the 5-HT1a receptor in both the colon and raphe nuclei was lower in AEA but not SEA groups compared with the CRD group (p<0.05). Conclusions AEA can ameliorate CRD-induced visceral pain in rats, and increase mRNA expression of the 5-HT1a receptor peripherally (in the colon) and centrally (in the raphe nuclei), suggesting a serotonergic mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated gestation and lactation on milkn-6 fatty acid composition in rats fed on a diet rich in 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-6

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Sheng Huang ◽  
Peter R. Redden ◽  
David F. Horrobin ◽  
Sandra Churchill ◽  
Barbara Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Chain

The present study examined the effect of repeated gestation and lactation on the levels of long-chainn-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat milk fat, and examined whether such levels might be modulated by supplementing the diet of the lactating dams with either (g/kg) 50 safflower oil (SFO; containing 800 g 18:2n-6/kg), or 50 evening primrose oil (EPO; containing 720 g 18:2n-6 and 90 g 18:3n-6/kg). The milk was collected at three different times (days 1, 8 and 15) in each given lactation period from female Sprague-Dawley rats which were successively bred for four pregnancies and lactations. Results showed that dietary fat and breeding frequency had no significant effects on milk triacylglycerol content, but they modified the pattern of milk fatty acids in both triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions. After three or four successive breedings rats fed on EPO produced milk containing less saturated but more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with those fed on SFO. During the course of lactation the levels ofn-6 metabolites, e.g. 18:3n-6, 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-6, in milk fat declined progressively. However, they were consistently higher in the EPO group than in the SFO group. These findings suggest that the levels of long-chainn-6 metabolites in the milk fat may be increased through supplementing the maternal diet with 18:3n-6.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Xiong Xue ◽  
Junsheng Tian ◽  
Xuemei Qin ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

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