scholarly journals Polyphenols in Exercise Performance and Prevention of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Malaguti ◽  
Cristina Angeloni ◽  
Silvana Hrelia

Although moderate physical exercise is considered an essential component of a healthy lifestyle that leads the organism to adapt itself to different stresses, exercise, especially when exhaustive, is also known to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage. Many efforts have been carried out to identify dietary strategies or micronutrients able to prevent or at least attenuate the exercise-induced muscle damage and stress. Unfortunately most studies have failed to show protection, and at the present time data supporting the protective effect of micronutrients, as antioxidant vitamins, are weak and trivial. This review focuses on those polyphenols, present in the plant kingdom, that have been recently suggested to exert some positive effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress. In the last decade flavonoids as quercetin, catechins, and other polyphenols as resveratrol have caught the scientists attention. However, at the present time drawing a clear and definitive conclusion seems to be untimely.

Author(s):  
Liam D. Corr ◽  
Adam Field ◽  
Deborah Pufal ◽  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Liam D. Harper ◽  
...  

Abstract Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, muscle soreness, and reductions in muscle function. Cocoa flavanols (CF) are (poly)phenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and thus may attenuate symptoms of EIMD. The purpose of this narrative review was to collate and evaluate the current literature investigating the effect of CF supplementation on markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as changes in muscle function, perceived soreness, and exercise performance. Acute and sub-chronic intake of CF reduces oxidative stress resulting from exercise. Evidence for the effect of CF on exercise-induced inflammation is lacking and the impact on muscle function, perceived soreness and exercise performance is inconsistent across studies. Supplementation of CF may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress, with potential for delaying fatigue, but more evidence is required for any definitive conclusions on the impact of CF on markers of EIMD. Graphic abstract


2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0163-0172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Boz ◽  
Muaz Belviranli ◽  
Nilsel Okudan

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C; no curcumin, no exercise; n = 6), Curcumin (Cur; n = 8), Exercise (E; n = 8) and Exercise Plus Curcumin (ECur; n = 8). Curcumin was given for 20 days via oral gavage at doses of 200 mg/kg-1 of body weight per day, dissolved in corn oil. On the 21st day eccentric exercise was provided via a treadmill run and the rats were sacrificed immediately after. Results: Eccentric exercise resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in all injury markers such as creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin, but curcumin supplementation tended to decrease CK activity (p > 0.05) and significantly decreased myoglobin levels (p < 0.05). In blood and muscle samples, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not affected by either curcumin or exercise (p > 0.05). MDA levels in liver tissue decreased in the ECur group, compared to the control (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were affected by neither curcumin nor exercise (p > 0.05), in blood, muscle and liver tissues. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that curcumin has a protective effect on eccentric exercise induced muscle damage, and that this effect might be independent of oxidative stress and antioxidant systems.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Zhen Zeng ◽  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König

Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.


Author(s):  
Claudia Costa de Moraes Coutinho ◽  
Cintia Mussi Alvim Stocchero

Introdução: Na prática desportiva competitiva, pesquisadores da fisiologia humana buscam novas descobertas, tanto no campo do treinamento físico como na suplementação de substâncias que possam contribuir para uma melhora do desempenho esportivo, diminuindo a fadiga e contribuindo para a recuperação. Recentemente, a melatonina tem sido alvo de pesquisas por apresentar propriedades que modulam processos celulares intimamente ligados à produção de energia e apresentar propriedades antioxidativas.Objetivo: Avaliar como a suplementação de melatonina pode atenuar o dano oxidativo da célula induzido pelo exercício.Métodos: Nesta revisão narrativa, foram consultadas as bases na literatura PubMed e Elsevier, utilizando os termos “melatonin AND oxidative stress in exercise", “melatonin AND exercise performance”, “melatonin supplementation AND exercise”, desde o ano 2000 até 2016.Resultados e Discussão: Seis estudos de desenho experimental fizeram parte desta revisão. A melatonina foi suplementada antes do esforço físico e os parâmetros bioquímicos foram mensurados antes, durante e depois do mesmo. Os estudos apontaram diminuição dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo utilizando-se melatonina. Todavia, há controvérsias quanto à utilização dos reagentes laboratoriais para esses marcadores.Conclusão: A literatura mostra que a suplementação de melatonina promove melhora no padrão oxidativo a partir da diminuição dos níveis de marcadores da oxidação no sangue e nos tecidos. Tal suplementação mostrou-se benéfica e segura para atletas que, devido às altas cargas de treinamento físico, estão cronicamente expostos a ataques mais severos do estresse oxidativo pelo treinamento físico.Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on the Exercise Induced Oxidative StressAbstractIntroduction: In competitive sport, researchers in human physiology seek new discoveries, both in the field of physical training and in the supplementation of substances that can contribute to an improvement in sports performance, reducing fatigue and contributing to recovery. Recently, melatonin has been subject of research because of its modulating actions in cellular processes, closely linked to the production of energy and because of its antioxidative properties.Objective: To evaluate how melatonin supplementation can attenuate the oxidative stress of the cell induced by exerciseMethods: In this narrative review, searches in the literature were performed in PubMed and Elsevier bases using the terms "melatonin AND oxidative stress in exercise"; "melatonin AND exercise performance"; "melatonin supplementation AND exercise", from 2000 to 2016.Results and Discussion: Six experimental studies were part of this review. Melatonin was supplemented before physical exertion and the biochemical parameters were measured before, during and after the exercise test. The studies indicated a decrease in the markers of oxidative stress using melatonin. However, there are controversies regarding the use of laboratory reagents for those markers.Conclusion: The literature shows that melatonin supplementation promotes improvement in the oxidative pattern by decreasing levels of oxidation markers in blood and tissues. Such supplementation has proved to be beneficial and safe for athletes who, due to the high loads of physical training, are chronically exposed to more severe attacks of oxidative stress related to physical training.  


2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110364
Author(s):  
Daniel Rojano-Ortega ◽  
José Peña Amaro ◽  
Antonio J. Berral-Aguilar ◽  
Francisco J. Berral-de la Rosa

Context: Beetroots have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancing recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Objective: To evaluate the effects of beetroot supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and recovery after EIMD. Data Sources: SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched, and hand-searching was performed by looking to relevant studies that were cited in other studies. Study Selection: For a study to be included in this review, the following inclusion criteria had to be met: (1) research conducted with human participants, (2) original articles in peer-reviewed publications, (3) original studies that had investigated beetroot supplementation intervention on muscle damage and recovery, (4) research conducted with 1 control/placebo group, and (5) articles published from inception to October 2020. Study Design: Systematic review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Two of the 4 authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the articles with the PEDro scale. All discrepancies were resolved through a consensus meeting. Results: A total of 9 studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. Most of the studies found a better recovery of functional variables and muscle soreness, but improvements in markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress were not reported. Conclusion: The existing evidence suggests that a short-term beetroot supplementation has the potential to accelerate recovery of functional measures and muscle soreness, but further research is needed to clarify if a longer supplementation period (with some days before exercise and some days after) could also promote recovery of markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress.


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