scholarly journals Effects of Age and Sex on Estimated Diabetes Prevalence Using Different Diagnostic Criteria: The Tromsø OGTT Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira Strand Hutchinson ◽  
Ragnar Martin Joakimsen ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Henrik Schirmer ◽  
Yngve Figenschau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Age And Sex

HbA1c6.5% has recently been recommended as an alternative diagnostic criterion for diabetes. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and other factors on prevalence of diabetes and to compare risk profiles of subjects with diabetes when defined by HbA1cand glucose criteria. Subjects were recruited among participants in the longitudinal population-based Tromsø Study. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and 2-hour plasma glucose were measured in 3,476 subjects. In total, 294 subjects met one or more of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes; 95 met the HbA1ccriterion only, 130 met the glucose criteria only, and 69 met both. Among subjects with diabetes detected by glucose criteria (regardless of HbA1c), isolated raised 2-hour plasma glucose was more common in subjects aged ≥ 60 years as compared to younger subjects and in elderly women as compared to elderly men. Subjects with diabetes detected by glucose criteria only had worse cardiometabolic risk profiles than those detected by HbA1conly. In conclusion, the current HbA1cand glucose criteria defined different subjects with diabetes with only modest overlap. Among a substantial proportion of elderly subjects, and especially elderly women, the 2-hour plasma glucose was the only abnormal value.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association Between Obesity and Cognitive Impairment in a Low-Income Elderly Population in Rural China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Guo ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Changqing Zhan ◽  
Qiuxing Lin ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, sex-specific relationships between obesity and cognitive impairment in late life remain unclear.Objective: We aimed to assess sex differences in the association between various obesity parameters and cognitive impairment in a low-income elderly population in rural China.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect basic information from elderly residents aged 60 years and older from April 2014 to August 2014 in rural areas of Tianjin, China. Obesity parameters, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and Mini Mental State Examination scores were measured, and the relationships between these variables were assessed.Results: A total of 1,081 residents with a mean age of 67.70 years were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise participation, and the presence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, blood pressure group; a high BMI was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly women. Each 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 5.9% increase in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. WC was related to the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly men, and each 1-cm increase in WC was associated with a 4.0% decrease in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. However, there were no significant associations between WC and cognitive function in women or between BMI and cognitive impairment in men.Conclusion: A greater WC was positively associated with better cognitive function in low-income elderly men in rural China, whereas a higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in elderly women, independent of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related comorbid factors. Our results suggest weight management of elderly women in rural China may have cognitive benefits. However, randomized controlled trials would be needed to confirm causality.

Differences in the seasonal rhythmicity of plasma prolactin in elderly human subjects: detection in women but not in men

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Touitou ◽  
Alain Carayon ◽  
Alain Reinberg ◽  
André Bogdan ◽  
Hervé Beck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Young And Elderly Subjects ◽  
Seasonal Rhythmicity

Effects of age, sex and mental condition on the circadian and circannual rhythmicity of plasma prolactin in human subjects were investigated. Circannual changes were recorded on a circadian basis in January, March, June and October in four groups of subjects: seven young men, six elderly men, six elderly women and six senile demented patients (two men and four women). Blood samples were drawn every 4 h over a 24-h period at the four sampling sessions. Circadian rhythms of the hormone were validated in all groups and at all sampling sessions except twice in elderly demented subjects. The 24-h mean levels of prolactin in plasma were approximately the same in young and elderly subjects. The circadian acrophases were most often located in the vicinity of 02.00–04.00 h. The circannual rhythmicity of the hormone showed a sex difference; the rhythm was not validated in either young or elderly men but was detected in the groups of elderly women and elderly demented patients (mainly women). The acrophases were located in May. This paper strongly suggests a sex difference in the circannual rhythmicity of plasma prolactin levels in elderly subjects.

Effects of Sex and Age on Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in Nondiabetic Subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (05) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ouchi ◽  
K. Oba ◽  
H. Yamashita ◽  
M. Okazaki ◽  
M. Tsunoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Urinary Glucose

AbstractThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of sex and age on serum levels of 1,5-AG in nondiabetic subjects.A total of 1 134 nondiabetic subjects aged 16–96 years with HbA1c less than 6.8% were recruited and divided into 4 HbA1c groups (Q1: HbA1c≤5.3; Q2: 5.4–5.8; Q3: 5.9–6.3; and Q4: 6.4–6.8 [%]). 38 elderly subjects (65 years or older) in the Q3 and Q4 groups (13 men and 25 women) underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).The Q4 group had significantly lower 1,5-AG levels than did the Q1 group among nonelderly males, nonelderly females, and elderly men. In elderly women, 1,5-AG levels did not differ among the 4 HbA1c groups. In both nonelderly and elderly subjects, the 1,5-AG level of the Q1 group was significantly higher in males than in females. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that age was significantly associated with 1,5-AG level in both sexes. HbA1c was significantly associated with the 1,5-AG level in males, while there was no significant association between HbA1c and the 1,5-AG level in females. In the elderly OGTT group, although the glucose levels of both sexes during OGTT were identical, the mean urinary glucose levels and the percentages of subjects with glucosuria were significantly higher in elderly men than in elderly women.Serum 1,5-AG levels were significantly associated with age and sex. The sensitivity of the 1,5-AG level for identifying postprandial hyperglycemia in elderly women with near-normoglycemia is less reliable because they have a higher renal threshold for glucose.

COMPARISON OF MAXIMAL HIP JOINT TORQUE DURING CONCENTRIC, ISOMETRIC AND ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS BETWEEN ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1840036 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-RI KWON ◽  
YOON-HYEOK CHOI ◽  
GWANG-MOON EOM ◽  
JUNGHYUK KO ◽  
JI-WON KIM
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Flexion And Extension

A higher fall rate has been reported in elderly women than in elderly men. Muscle strength is one of the key fall risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences associated with maximal voluntary hip flexion and extension torque in concentric, isometric and eccentric contractions among the elderly subjects. A total of 20 healthy elderly subjects (10 men and 10 women) participated in this study. A dynamometer was used to measure hip joint torque during various modes of isokinetic contraction in frontal plane. The peak torque was normalized according to each subject’s body mass. Independent [Formula: see text]-tests were conducted to compare elderly women with elderly men. Elderly women exhibited weaker normalized peak torque during flexion and extension compared with elderly men in isometric contraction mode ([Formula: see text]). Eccentric strength of elderly women was significantly lower than in elderly men primarily in hip extension ([Formula: see text]). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in concentric contraction mode between the two genders ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that the decreased muscle strength per body mass, especially in isometric and eccentric contraction, may be associated with a higher frequency of falls in elderly women than in elderly men. This study suggests the need for effective muscle strength training and intervention for fall prevention in elderly women.

scholarly journals SAT0457 PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN OSTEOARTHRITIC PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1186.2-1186
Author(s):  
A. Ahmadi Pirshahid ◽  
D. Kim ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
T. Varghese ◽  
J. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Age And Sex

Background:There is controversy regarding the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). While OA may be associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD) due to increased weight, evidence exists that the incidence of OP may be increased in patients with OA.Objectives:To determine whether the prevalence of OP is increased in patients with OA, compared to age and sex-matched populations.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature review using the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, including articles that that analysed the frequency, rate, prevalence, incidence, risk, or excess risk of OP in patients with OA compared to age and sex-matched comparison groups (controls). Articles with fewer than 200 participants, and those without controls were excluded. Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening.Results:Of 2772 unique articles, 49 articles were chosen for full article screening, and 4 articles met the inclusion criteria of our present study. Data from 2 and 4 studies used OP in men and women, respectively. Other articles reported on BMD and not OP so they were excluded. In women, 998 participants with OA were compared with 1903 controls. The pooled estimate of the odds ratio for prevalence of OP vs general matched population was not statistically different (Figure 1). In men, 136 participants with OA were compared with 682 controls. The results did not show a statistically significant different in the frequency of OP in OA in men (Figure 2).Figure 1.Prevalence of OP in women with OA compared to controlsFigure 2.Prevalence of OP in men with OA compared to controlsConclusion:The frequency of OP in participants with OA was the same in both men and women compared to the matched controls.References:[1]Chang, C. B., Kim, T. K., Kang, Y. G., Seong, S. C., & Kang, S. B. (2014). Prevalence of osteoporosis in female patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 29(10), 1425-1431.[2]Liu, G., Peacock, M., Eilam, O., Dorulla, G., Braunstein, E., & Johnston, C. C. (1997). Effect of osteoarthritis in the lumbar spine and hip on bone mineral density and diagnosis of osteoporosis in elderly men and women. Osteoporosis International, 7(6), 564-569.[3]Schneider, D. L., Barrett-Connor, E., Morton, D. J., & Weisman, M. (2002). Bone mineral density and clinical hand osteoarthritis in elderly men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study. The Journal of Rheumatology, 29(7), 1467-1472.[4]Schneider, D. L., Bettencourt, R., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2006). Clinical utility of spine bone density in elderly women. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 9(3), 255-260.Disclosure of Interests:Ali Ahmadi Pirshahid: None declared, Dongkeun Kim: None declared, Yueyang Li: None declared, Timothy Varghese: None declared, Janet Pope Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eicos Sciences, Eli Lilly & Company, Emerald, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: UCB

scholarly journals Canadian Normal Lung Function Values

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-392
Author(s):  
Nick R Anthonisen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Age And Sex

In this issue of theCanadian Respiratory Journal, Gutierrez et al (pages 414-424) present normal lung function values and prediction equations for white Canadians. They had six laboratories across the country each test approximately 100 volunteer, nonsmoking white adults (the target was 120 each), with appropriate variation in age and sex. Adequate representation of different ages and sex were obtained, although it appeared to be harder to recruit elderly men than elderly women. A full battery of tests was performed on each person. The equipment was not standardized and varied from centre to centre, and some centres performed slightly different tests than others; in other words, the study was done under field conditions. The results were analyzed for each centre and pooled to produce the Canadian model. This was compared with several similar models developed in Europe and the United States (1-5).

Seasonal rhythms of plasma gonadotrophins: their persistence in elderly men and women

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Touitou ◽  
Michel Lagoguey ◽  
André Bogdan ◽  
Alain Reinberg ◽  
Hervé Beck
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Circannual Rhythm ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Seasonal Rhythms ◽  
The Core

Circannual changes of immunoreactive LH and FSH were documented on a circadian basis in January, March, June and October in four groups of subjects: seven young men, six elderly men, six elderly women and six men and women suffering from senile dementia. The sampling was serially dependent only for the young men and the core subgroups of elderly men and elderly women. A circadian rhythm for FSH was not detected in any group of subjects during any of the sampling sessions, whereas a circadian rhythm for LH was detected twice (June and October) in young men, once (October) in elderly demented patients, and not at all in the groups of elderly men and women. Both 24-h and yearly mean levels of gonadotrophins were higher in elderly subjects (two-to 25-fold according to the hormone, sex and season) than in young men. Circannual rhythms of plasma LH with large amplitudes were validated by the cosinor method, with an acrophase located in April or May. A circannual rhythm of plasma FSH was validated only in young men, with an acrophase in October. The persistence of a circannual rhythm of plasma LH with large amplitude in elderly subjects, associated with high mean levels of the hormone, especially in elderly women, suggests that this bioperiodicity of the pituitary gland is independent of gonadal function.

Ageing and the sensitivity of the adrenal gland to physiological doses of ACTH in man

1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Roberts ◽  
R. N. Barton ◽  
M. A. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Cortisol Responses

ABSTRACT Healthy men and women aged 19–38 or 67–83, in whom endogenous ACTH secretion was suppressed with dexamethasone, were given successive injections of 60 ng, 150 ng and 250 μg ACTH(1–24) at hourly intervals, and blood samples for measurement of plasma cortisol were taken every 10 min. The response to each injection was taken as the increase in cortisol concentration 20 min later, when there was a peak with the lower doses, with allowance for disappearance of cortisol produced after the previous injection. On average, the responses to 60 and 150 ng ACTH were about 0·4 and 0·7 respectively of the response to 250 μg. There were no consistent effects of age or sex on any index of adrenocortical sensitivity or responsiveness, but some groups showed isolated differences from both their age- and sex-matched counterparts: the response to 60 ng ACTH was low in young men, maximal responsiveness was low in elderly men and the slope of the dose–response curve was high in elderly women. In most of the elderly subjects, plasma ACTH was determined separately under normal conditions. It was negatively correlated with the cortisol responses to 60 and 150 ng ACTH, suggesting that differences in adrenal sensitivity between subjects contribute to the variability of plasma ACTH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 126, 507–513

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document