scholarly journals Canadian Normal Lung Function Values

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-392
Author(s):  
Nick R Anthonisen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Age And Sex

In this issue of theCanadian Respiratory Journal, Gutierrez et al (pages 414-424) present normal lung function values and prediction equations for white Canadians. They had six laboratories across the country each test approximately 100 volunteer, nonsmoking white adults (the target was 120 each), with appropriate variation in age and sex. Adequate representation of different ages and sex were obtained, although it appeared to be harder to recruit elderly men than elderly women. A full battery of tests was performed on each person. The equipment was not standardized and varied from centre to centre, and some centres performed slightly different tests than others; in other words, the study was done under field conditions. The results were analyzed for each centre and pooled to produce the Canadian model. This was compared with several similar models developed in Europe and the United States (1-5).

scholarly journals Poor Cognitive Function Is Associated with Obstructive Lung Diseases in Taiwanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Sun-Wung Hsieh ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Szu-Chia Chen ◽  
Chih-Hsing Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Obstructive Lung Diseases ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Function Group

Previous studies have reported an association between the impairment of cognitive performance and lung diseases. However, whether obstructive or restrictive lung diseases have an impact on cognitive function is still inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between cognitive function and obstructive or restrictive lung diseases in Taiwanese adults using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In this study, we used data from the Taiwan Biobank. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MMSE. Spirometry measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained to assess lung function. Participants were classified into three groups according to lung function, namely, normal, restrictive, and obstructive lung function. In total, 683 patients enrolled, of whom 357 participants had normal lung function (52.3%), 95 had restrictive lung function (13.9%), and 231 had obstructive lung function (33.8%). Compared to the normal lung function group, the obstructive lung function group was associated with a higher percentage of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24). In multivariable analysis, a low MMSE score was significantly associated with low FVC, low FEV1, and low FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, a low MMSE score was significantly associated with low FEV1 in the participants with FEV1/FVC < 70%, whereas MMSE was not significantly associated with FVC in the participants with FEV1/FVC ≥ 70%. Our results showed that a low MMSE score was associated with low FEV1, low FVC and low FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, a low MMSE score was associated with obstructive lung diseases but not with restrictive lung diseases.

Changing Trends in Age and Sex Distributions of Lyme Disease—United States, 1992-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110267
Author(s):  
Kiersten J. Kugeler ◽  
Paul S. Mead ◽  
Amy M. Schwartz ◽  
Alison F. Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and is characterized by a bimodal age distribution and male predominance. We examined trends in reported cases during a 25-year period to describe changes in the populations most affected by Lyme disease in the United States. We examined demographic characteristics of people with confirmed cases of Lyme disease reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1992-2016 through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We grouped cases into 5-year periods (1992-1996, 1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2016). We calculated the average annual incidence by age and sex and used incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to describe changes in Lyme disease incidence by age and sex over time. We converted patient age at time of illness into patient birth year to ascertain disease patterns according to birth cohorts. The incidence of Lyme disease in the United States doubled from 1992-1996 to 2012-2016 (IRR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.70-1.78) and increased disproportionately among males; IRRs were 39%-89% higher among males than among females for most age groups. During the study period, children aged 5-9 years were most frequently and consistently affected. In contrast, the average age of adults with Lyme disease increased over time; of all adults, people born during 1950-1964 were the most affected by Lyme disease. Our findings suggest that age-related behaviors and susceptibilities may drive infections among children, and the shifting peak among adults likely reflects a probability proportional to the relative size of the baby boom population. These findings can inform targeted and efficient public health education and intervention efforts.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in the United States, 2013 to 2018

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Aggarwal ◽  
Nicholas Chiu ◽  
Rishi K. Wadhera ◽  
Andrew E. Moran ◽  
Inbar Raber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Control ◽  
White Adults

We evaluated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension (defined as a systolic blood pressure [BP]) ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or a self-reported use of an antihypertensive agent) among US adults, stratified by race/ethnicity. This analysis included 16 531 nonpregnant US adults (≥18 years) in the three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles between 2013 and 2018. Race/ethnicity was defined by self-report as White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or other Americans. Among 76 910 050 (74 449 985–79 370 115) US adults with hypertension, 48.6% (47.3%–49.8%, unadjusted) have controlled BP. When compared with BP control rates for White adults (49.0% [46.8%–51.2%], age-adjusted), BP control rates are lower in Black (39.2%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.59–0.85], P <0.001), Hispanic (40.0%, aOR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.58–0.88], P =0.003), and Asian (37.8%, aOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55–0.84], P =0.001) Americans. Black adults have higher hypertension prevalence (45.3% versus 31.4%, aOR, 2.24 [95% CI, 1.97–2.56], P <0.001) but similar awareness and treatment rates as White adults. Hispanic adults have similar hypertension prevalence, but lower awareness (71.1% versus 79.1%, aOR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.58–0.89], P =0.005) and treatment rates (60.5% versus 67.3%, aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.94], P =0.010) than White adults. Asian adults have similar hypertension prevalence, lower awareness (72.5% versus 79.1%, aOR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58–0.97], P =0.038) but similar treatment rates. Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans have different vulnerabilities in the hypertension control cascade of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. These differences can inform targeted public health efforts to promote health equity and reduce the burden of hypertension in the United States.

scholarly journals Correlation between Level of Autophagy and Amount of CD8+T Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songming Zhuo ◽  
Hong Zhuang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Sida Chen ◽  
Wugen Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Function Group

Abstract Background: This study aimed to shed light on the correlation between the amounts of CD8+ T cells and autophagy level in COPD. Results: The objects (n = 90) were divided into three groups: COPD group (patients in the stable phase; n = 30), SN group (healthy control of smoking with normal lung function group; n = 30), and NSN groups (healthy control of non-smoking with normal lung function group; n = 30). The amounts of CD8+ (32.33 ± 4.23%), CD8+ effector (25.63 ± 8.57%) and CD8+memory (11.94 ± 5.77%) T cell in the COPD group were significantly higher those in the other two groups, while the apoptotic rate was lower in the COPD group (P < 0.05). Significant linear correlations were found of P62/GAPDH (‰) with CD8+, CD8+effector, and CD8+ memory- T cell amounts (P<0.001). Conclusions: Autophagy level is positively and linearly associated with the amounts of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that cell autophagy might be involved in COPD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: A clinical entity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation ◽  
Normal Lung Function

Asthma and COPD are easily recognizable clinical entities in their characteristic presentations. Asthma is an early-onset disorder characterized by Type 2, eosinophil-predominant, inflammation of the airways and is associated with atopy. COPD presents in middle age and is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation of the airways and is associated with cigarette smoking or biomass fuel exposure. Between exacerbations, asthma typically has normal lung function whereas COPD has incompletely reversible lung function. Approximately one in five patients with either of these disorders will show some features of both COPD and Asthma. This overlap is far more common than can be accounted for by chance concurrence of two common diseases. There are likely genetic and environmental susceptibilities to both disorders, but there is no single pathobiological mechanism that identifies all such overlap patients. Most likely there are numerous predispositions that lead to Asthma-COPD overlap that may be grounded in early childhood or even pre-natal events. Thus, Asthma-COPD overlap is best considered a family of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. The future elucidation of these different pathways to Asthma-COPD overlap, in conjunction with highly targeted therapies will aid clinicians in treating these patients.

scholarly journals Predicted Values for Spirometry may Underestimate Long-Standing Asthma Severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Sposato
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Predicted Values

Background: Asthma may show an accelerated lung function decline. Asthmatics, although having FEV1 and FEV1/VC (and z-scores) higher than the lower limit of normality, may show a significant FEV1 decline when compared to previous measurements. We assessed how many asymptomatic long-standing asthmatics (LSA) with normal lung function showed a significant FEV1 decline when an older FEV1 was taken as reference point. Methods: 46 well-controlled LSA (age: 48.8±12.1; 23 females) with normal FEV1 and FEV1/VC according to GLI2012 references (FEV1: 94.8±10.1%, z-score:-0.38±0.79; FEV1/VC: 79.3±5.2, z-score:-0.15±0.77) were selected. We considered FEV1 decline, calculated by comparing the latest value to one at least five years older or to the highest predicted value measured at 21 years for females and 23 for males. A FEV1 decline >15% or 30 ml/years was regarded as pathological. Results: When comparing the latest FEV1 to an at least 5-year-older one (mean 8.1±1.4 years between 2 measurements), 14 subjects (30.4%) showed a FEV1 decline <5% (mean: -2.2±2.6%), 19 (41.3%) had a FEV1 5-15% change (mean: -9.2±2.5%) and 13 (28.3%) a FEV1 decrease>15% (mean: -18.3±2.4). Subjects with a FEV1 decline>30 ml/year were 28 (60.8%). When using the highest predicted FEV1 as reference point and declines were corrected by subtracting the physiological decrease, 6 (13%) patients showed a FEV1 decline higher than 15%, whereas asthmatics with a FEV1 loss>30 ml/year were 17 (37%). Conclusion: FEV1 decline calculation may show how severe asthma actually is, avoiding a bronchial obstruction underestimation and a possible under-treatment in lots of apparent “well-controlled” LSA with GLI2012-normal-range lung function values.

scholarly journals Diagnostic usefulness of impulse oscillometry in adult asthmatics with normal lung function

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 100213
Author(s):  
Sung-Ryeol Kim ◽  
Kyungchul Kim ◽  
Kyung Hee Park ◽  
Jung-Won Park ◽  
Jae-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness

Traumatic Deaths from Dog Attacks in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Lee E. Pinckney ◽  
Leslie A. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
History Of

A newspaper survey and search of the medical literature identified 74 deaths from dog attacks, 51 of which occurred in a designated five-year study period. Most attacks were by single pet dogs without a preceding history of viciousness and without known provocation by the victim. The highest number of deaths (23) occurred in infants less than 1 year of age. Most of the remaining victims were children aged 1 through 8 years, and elderly women.

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