scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Morphology and Piezoresponse Characterisation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Films via Scanning Probe Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lau ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
R. L. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Small Grains

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE (70/30)) films were synthesized on a gold/glass substrate via spin coating. The films were annealed at a temperature between125∘Cand180∘C. Nanoscale characterisation of the morphology, polarization switching, and local piezoresponse hysteresis loops of PVDF-TrFE film was studied using a scanning probe microscope (SPM). Ferroelectric switchable domains were identified by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) for all films. Small grains, with weak piezoresponse character, were observed for films annealed just above the Curie temperature. Acicular grains were obtained when the annealing temperature approached the melting point and the piezoresponse increased. Annealing above the melting point decreased the piezoresponse and the morphology changed dramatically into plate-like structures.

scholarly journals Interfacial piezoelectric polarization locking in printable Ti3C2Tx MXene-fluoropolymer composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick A. Shepelin ◽  
Peter C. Sherrell ◽  
Emmanuel N. Skountzos ◽  
Eirini Goudeli ◽  
Jizhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Locking Phenomena

AbstractPiezoelectric fluoropolymers convert mechanical energy to electricity and are ideal for sustainably providing power to electronic devices. To convert mechanical energy, a net polarization must be induced in the fluoropolymer, which is currently achieved via an energy-intensive electrical poling process. Eliminating this process will enable the low-energy production of efficient energy harvesters. Here, by combining molecular dynamics simulations, piezoresponse force microscopy, and electrodynamic measurements, we reveal a hitherto unseen polarization locking phenomena of poly(vinylidene fluoride–co–trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) perpendicular to the basal plane of two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. This polarization locking, driven by strong electrostatic interactions enabled exceptional energy harvesting performance, with a measured piezoelectric charge coefficient, d33, of −52.0 picocoulombs per newton, significantly higher than electrically poled PVDF-TrFE (approximately −38 picocoulombs per newton). This study provides a new fundamental and low-energy input mechanism of poling fluoropolymers, which enables new levels of performance in electromechanical technologies.

scholarly journals Crystal phase transformation of α into β phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) via particle formation caused by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (82) ◽  
pp. 66644-66649 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wolff ◽  
F. Jirasek ◽  
S. Beuermann ◽  
M. Türk
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Crystal Phase ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Crystal Phase Transformation

RESS enables the transformation from α to β phase PVDF. Piezoresponse force microscopy confirmed the piezoelectricity of the obtained particles.

SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY BASED NANOSCALE PATTERNING AND FABRICATION

COSMOS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAN NING XIE ◽  
HONG JING CHUNG ◽  
ANDREW THYE SHEN WEE
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanoscale Patterning ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Molecular Manipulation

Nanotechnology is vital to the fabrication of integrated circuits, memory devices, display units, biochips and biosensors. Scanning probe microscope (SPM) has emerged to be a unique tool for materials structuring and patterning with atomic and molecular resolution. SPM includes scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this chapter, we selectively discuss the atomic and molecular manipulation capabilities of STM nanolithography. As for AFM nanolithography, we focus on those nanopatterning techniques involving water and/or air when operated in ambient. The typical methods, mechanisms and applications of selected SPM nanolithographic techniques in nanoscale structuring and fabrication are reviewed.

scholarly journals New insight into the adsorption behaviour of effluent organic matter on organic–inorganic ultrafiltration membranes: a combined QCM-D and AFM study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Danxi Huang ◽  
Botao Cheng ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Repulsive Forces

Adsorption of organic matter on membranes plays a major role in determining the fouling behaviour of membranes. This study investigated effluent organic matter (EfOM) adsorption behaviour onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane blended with SiO 2 nanoparticles using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The QCM-D results suggested that low adsorption of EfOM and an EfOM layer with a non-rigid and open structure was formed on SiO 2 -terminated membrane surfaces. Conformational assessment showed that EfOM undergoes adsorption via two steps: (i) in the initial stage, a rapid adsorption of EfOM accumulated onto the membrane; (ii) the change in dissipation was still occurring when the adsorption frequency reached balance, and the layer tended towards a more rearranged or organized secondary structure upon adsorption onto the more hydrophilic surface. For the AFM force test, when a self-made EfOM-coated probe approached the membrane, a ‘jump-in’ was observed for the hydrophobic membrane after repulsion at a small distance, while only repulsive forces were observed for PVDF/SiO 2 membranes. This study demonstrated that the PVDF/SiO 2 membrane changed the entire filtration process, forming a ‘soft’ open conformation in the foulant layer.

Structural and Magnetic Investigation of Cu, Co Substituted NiFe2O4 Thin Films by Scanning Probe Microscopy (AFM, MFM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakikat Sharma ◽  
N.S. Negi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Magnetic Investigation ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In the present study we prepared NiFe2O4, Ni0.95Cu0.05Fe2O4and Ni0.94Cu0.05Co0.01Fe2O4thin films by metallo-organic decomposition method (MOD) using spin coating technique. The samples were characterized by XRD. XRD patterns of thin films confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure without any secondary phase. For microstructural analysis we characterized samples by Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). From Atomic force microscopy (AFM), we analyzed surface morphology, calculated grain size, roughness and porosity. It has been found that grain size and roughness affected by Cu, Co substitution. After this we carried out magnetic force microscopy (MFM) on the samples. Effect of substitution on magnetic grains was observed from MFM.

Fabrication and Characterization of Ferroelectric Polymer/TiO2/Al-doped ZnO Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Tio2 Films ◽  
Gate Leakage Current ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

AbstractCharacterization of 700-nm-thick poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF/TrFE)]/TiO2/Al-doped ZnO (AZO) structures on a glass substrate were investigated. In this study, the sputtered TiO2 films as insulator were used for the reduction of leakage current. The leakage current density of the fabricated Pt/P(VDF/TrFE)/AZO and Pt/P(VDF/TrFE)/170-nm-thick TiO2/AZO structures were approximately 8.7 and 3.9 nA/cm2 at the applied voltage of 10 V, respectively. In the polarization vs. voltage characteristics, the fabricated Pt/P(VDF/TrFE)/TiO2/AZO structures showed hysteresis loops caused by ferroelectric polarization. The remnant polarization (2Pr) and coercive voltage (2Vc) measured from a saturated hysteresis loop at the frequency of 50 Hz were approximately 12 μC/cm2 and 105 V, respectively. These results suggest that the insertion of TiO2 film is available for reducing the gate leakage current without changing the ferroelectric properties.

Bacteria and viruses in the objective of probe microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Yaminsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscope ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Probe Microscope

The article is devoted to the study of viruses and bacteria using a scanning probe microscope in the atomic force microscopy mode, in particular, to the question, what data can be obtained using this method and how to interpret it.

scholarly journals Visualization of magnetostructural transition in Heusler alloys by Magnetic Force Microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Pavel Geydt ◽  
Igor D. Rodionov ◽  
Alexander B. Granovsky ◽  
Ekaterina Soboleva ◽  
Egor Fadeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Heusler Alloys ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Magnetostructural Transition ◽  
Probe Microscope

Magnetostructural transition was observed in Ni-Mn-In-Cr Heusler alloy with help of Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). The crystal structure of a sample and characteristic temperatures of the phase transition were controlled by roentgenostructural phase analysis and magnetometry, respectively. It appeared prominently important to prepare the surface of the sample until the nanometer level of surface roughness. Magnetic study performed with scanning probe microscope revealed existence of magnetic domains, which were spread across the surface evenly. Further studies revealed that intensity of magnetic signal decreases as fading out of the contrast of the MFM images. It was found that location of domains shifted after the heating/cooling cycle above Curie temperature for the studied alloy. Location of new domain walls appeared correlating with surface scrapings and defects, whilst it became independent from those after heating until just 70°C. The mechanism behind the observed transition is proposed.

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