scholarly journals Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Disrupts the Adrenal Gland Activity of the NewtTriturus carnifex(Amphibia, Urodela)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Gay ◽  
Vincenza Laforgia ◽  
Ivana Caputo ◽  
Carla Esposito ◽  
Marilena Lepretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Human Health ◽  
European Community ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Ministry Of Health

We intended to verify the safety of the freshwater values established for cadmium by the European Community and the Italian Ministry of Health in drinking water (5 μg/L) and sewage waters (20 μg/L). Therefore, we chronically exposed the newtTriturus carnifexto 5 μg/L and 20 μg/L doses of cadmium, respectively, during 3 and 9 months and verified the effects on the adrenal gland. We evaluated the serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, aldosterone, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. During the 3-month exposure, both doses of cadmium decreased ACTH and corticosterone serum levels and increased aldosterone and epinephrine serum levels. During the 9-month exposure, the 5 μg/L dose decreased ACTH and increased aldosterone and epinephrine serum levels; the 20 μg/L dose decreased norepinephrine and epinephrine serum levels, without affecting the other hormones. It was concluded that (1) chronic exposure to the safety values established for cadmium disrupted the adrenal gland activity and (2) the effects of cadmium were related both to the length of exposure and the dose administered. Moreover, our results suggest probable risks to human health, due to the use of water contaminated by cadmium.

scholarly journals Serum levels of interleukin-6 are not dependent on the kidney function

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nässberger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Complement Protein ◽  
Protein Factor ◽  
Stimulatory Factor ◽  
Reduced Kidney Function

Interleukin-6, also named B-cell stimulatory factor, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 26 kDa. Increased serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are found in several disease conditions. We investigated the importance of a deteriorated kidney function upon IL-6 serum concentrations. No relation was found between serum levels of IL-6 and s-creatinine, r = 0.004. On the other hand, the serum concentration of complement protein factor D and soluble IL-2 receptor showed a good correlation to s-creatinine, r = 0.92 and 0.79, respectively. In conclusion, serum levels of IL-6 are not dependent upon a reduced kidney function.

Relationship between plasma corticosterone and adrenal epinephrine after diazepam treatment in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Chabot ◽  
Yves Brissette ◽  
André L. Gascon
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Epinephrine Administration ◽  
Linear Dose ◽  
Increased Activity

Following recent observations that diazepam treatment increases adrenal epinephrine in rats, we were interested in studying the possible mechanisms of this action of diazepam on rat adrenal glands. All diazepam treatments studied (1–25 mg∙kg−1∙day−1 for 10 days) led to an increase in adrenal epinephrine following a linear dose–effect relationship. Since epinephrine synthesis is under neuronal and humoral controls, we investigated their respective importance in the effect of diazepam on the adrenal gland. The denervation of the adrenal gland did not prevent the increase in adrenal epinephrine by diazepam treatment. On the other hand, diazepam treatment was shown to cause an increase in plasma corticosterone in parallel with an increase in adrenal epinephrine. Administration of dexamethasone (a synthetic corticoid) and hypophysectomy prevented the increase in adrenal epinephrine and plasma corticosterone resulting from diazepam treatment. We thus conclude that the increase in adrenal epinephrine seen after diazepam treatment is parallel to the increase in plasma corticosterone. Moreover, since the action of diazepam on adrenal epinephrine is prevented by dexamethasone or hypophysectomy, we hypothesize that diazepam is acting on the adrenal cortex via the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH and corticosterone would be responsible for the increased activity of epinephrine-synthesizing enzymes in adrenal medulla.

Serum levels of estrogens and of five 'steroid sensitive' proteins in early normal pregnancy

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lottie Skjöldebrand Sparre ◽  
Jan Brundin ◽  
Anders Carlström ◽  
Bo von Schoultz ◽  
Kjell Carlström
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Physiological Regulator ◽  
Steroid Sensitive ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract. Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), pregnancy associated α2-glycoprotein (α2-PAG), caeruloplasmin (Cp), α1-antitrypsin (α1-At) and transferrin (Tf), unconjugated and total estrone, and unconjugated estradiol-17β were measured twice at a 4–5 week interval in 43 cases of early normal pregnancy (gestational weeks 6–19). Significant correlations between estrogen and protein levels in the total material were observed for all proteins except for Tf. However, within 2-week intervals of pregnancy, significant correlations were obtained only in certain intervals between estrogens on one hand and SHBG, Cp and α1-At on the other. Significant correlations between rates of increase of estrogens and of proteins were obtained only at certain occasions for SHBG, Cp, Tf and α1-At. The results indicate that, although estrogens may have a modulatory function in 'steroidsensitive' protein synthesis, they are probably not the main physiological regulator.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multimodal Anesthetic Drugs Combination in Goats undergoing laparo-ovariectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elbialy Elmorsy ◽  
Khalid Abouelnasr ◽  
Esam Mosbah ◽  
Adel Zaghloul
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Local Analgesics

Objective: To evaluate the effect of multimodal analgesic drugs for alleviation of pain accompanying laparo-ovariectomy in goat. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Sixteen goats ageing 8-18 months and weighing 20 kg on average. Procedures: The proposed site of laparotomy in all animals was infiltrated with lidocaine hydrochloride 1% 15 minutes before surgery started. The goats were allocated into four groups of four animals each; first group (L): animals received Lidocaine infltration , second group (PL): animals received Piroxicam at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg IM, third group (PPL): animals received Piroxicam and Propofol at a dose rate of (5 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively), and finally fourth group (PPBL): animals received Butorphanol at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg in addition to Piroxicam- Propofol . Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), serum concentrations of lactate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined at baseline (15 minutes prior to surgery), directly after administration of the anesthetic agent, during surgery, and post-surgery at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes for 1-3 days postoperatively. Additionally, the analgesia score was monitored. Results: Heart rate, respiratory rate, Serum levels of IL 6, BUN and ALT decreased significantly in PPBL group compared to the other groups (P≤0.05). In addition, analgesia scores were significantly higher in PPBL group than the other groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: It could be concluded that the use of Propofol and Butorphanol in the analgesic protocol during laparo-ovariectomy in goats can alleviate stress and pain response and could therefore potentiate the effects of local analgesics.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a commercial supplement added to drinking water in broilers fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Tung M. Che
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Water Supplementation

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate effects of water supplementation with a commercial supplement (VitalSea®) on growth performance, mortality and serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in broilers fed diets with aflatoxin (AF) contamination. A total of 960 day-old mixed-sex chicks (Ross 308, initial BW: 46.28 ± 0.25 g/chick) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments included (1) basal diet without AF contamination and supplementation (negative control, NC), (2) AF-contaminated diet without supplementation (positive control, PC), (3) AF-contaminated diet + water supplementation with 0.5 mL VitalSea®/10 kg BW (VitalSea 1) and (4) AF-contaminated diet + water supplementation with 1.0 mL VitalSea®/10 kg BW (VitalSea 2). Each treatment was replicated with 8 pens of 30 birds (50% male, 50% female) each. Contaminated diets containing 30 μg AF/kg were fed to birds for Phase 1 (d 1-21) only. Water supplemented with VitalSea® was administered to birds for 5 days (d 22-26). In Phase 1 (d 1-21), there were no differences in ADG and ADFI among treatments (P > 0.05). In Phase 2 (d 22-35), there was a trend that the ADG of VitalSea 1 (68.66 g/d) and VitalSea 2 (68.56 g/d) was higher (P < 0.06) than that of the PC (62.61 g/d). Water supplemented with VitalSea® improved the FCR of broilers compared with the PC (P < 0.01). Over a 5-week study, broilers of the PC had a worse FCR than those of the other treatments (P < 0.01). At d 21, the serum LDH concentration of the PC was higher than that of the NC (P = 0.026). Briefly, addition of VitalSea® to drinking water for 5 days improved growth rate and feed efficiency of broilers fed AF-contaminated diets.

scholarly journals Kondisi Sanitasi Pada Kapal Kargo Di Wilayah Kerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) Kelas III Manokwari

Cassowary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Syamsudin Syamsudin ◽  
Vera Sabariah ◽  
Meike M. Lisangan ◽  
Zita L Sarungallo ◽  
Hendri Hendri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
International Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
International Health Regulation ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
And Control

Ship sanitation and its environment are a mandate from International Health Regulation (IHR)2005 and the regulation of Ministry of Health Republic IndonesiaNo 40 Tahun 2015 that request all the ship in Indonesia territory should have a certificate of ship sanitation. This is due to prevent, protect and control  spreading of diseases.  This study aimed to analyze the sanitation condition of cargo ships in working area of  Harbour Health Office (KKP) type III Manokwari. Research location was done in Manokwari Harbour on September to October 2020.  Method used in this study was descriptive approach and direct observation. Sample was obtained by purposive sampling, that 13 (thirteen) cargo ships anchored in Manokwari. Variables observed included room sanitation, vector, foods and drinking water, and waste.  Results showed that in general the sanitation of the 13 cargo ships was qualified good (91.21%), except for warehouse and medical facilitation. There were two ships (15.38%) unqualified because had no storage room for dry and wet foods. Moreover, six cargo ships (46.15%) had no medical facilitation according to the requirement, but only some medicines without observation room and  medical tools. On the other hands, the vector and disease-spread animals, management food and drinking water, as well as the waste management for 13 cargo ships were qualified.

SUPPRESSION OF SERUM LEVELS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE BY SHORT- AND LONG-LOOP NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN OVARIECTOMIZED WOMEN

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MIYAKE ◽  
T. AONO ◽  
T. KINUGASA ◽  
O. TANIZAWA ◽  
K. KURACHI
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Short Loop ◽  
Control Injection

The suppressive effects of short- and long-loop negative feedback on serum levels of LH were assessed after administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and conjugated oestrogens. Fourteen ovariectomized women were injected intravenously with 5 mg conjugated oestrogens, eight of these patients were also given an intramuscular injection of 10 000 i.u. HCG 8 h later, while the other six patients were given a control injection of 0·9% saline. The serum levels of LH decreased by similar amounts in both groups of women. Thirteen other ovariectomized women were initially injected with 10 000 i.u. HCG, i.m., seven of these patients were also given an i.v. injection of 5 mg conjugated oestrogens 8 h later, while the remaining six patients received a control injection of 0·9% saline. The results showed that conjugated oestrogens could further suppress the serum level of LH which had been reduced by prior HCG treatment. In six ovariectomized women who received i.m. saline injections at the start of the experiment and 8 h later, the serum levels of LH did not change significantly. It is concluded that the suppression of the serum concentrations of LH by long-loop negative feedback after administration of 5 mg conjugated oestrogens is greater than that by short-loop negative feedback after treatment with 10 000 i.u. HCG.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

EPEGENTIC TOXICOLOGY: PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
G. A. Sofronov ◽  
E. L. Patkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Time Periods

One of the complex problems of modern experimental toxicology remains the molecular mechanism of formation of human health disorders separated at different time periods from acute or chronic exposure to toxic environmental pollutants (ecotoxicants). Identifying and understanding what epigenetic changes are induced by the environment, and how they can lead to unfavorable outcome, are vital for protecting public health. Therefore, we consider it important a modern understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the life cycle of mammals and assess available data on the environmentally caused epigenetic toxicity and, accordingly fledging epigenenomic (epigenetic) regulatory toxicology.

Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

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