scholarly journals The Inhibition of Inflammasome by Brazilian Propolis (EPP-AF)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana I. Hori ◽  
Dario S. Zamboni ◽  
Daniel B. Carrão ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Goldman ◽  
Andresa A. Berretta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Cell Cytosol ◽  
Artepillin C ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Brazilian Propolis

Propolis extracts have gained the attention of consumers and researchers due to their unique chemical compositions and functional properties such as its anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, it was described a complex that is also important in inflammatory processes, named inflammasome. The inflammasomes are a large molecular platform formed in the cell cytosol in response to stress signals, toxins, and microbial infections. Once activated, the inflammasome induces caspase-1, which in turn induces the processing of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand IL-18. So, to understand inflammasomes regulation becomes crucial to treat several disorders including autoinflammatory diseases. Since green propolis extracts are able to regulate inflammatory pathways, this work purpose was to investigate if this extract could also act on inflammasomes regulation. First, the extract was characterized and it demonstrated the presence of important compounds, especially Artepillin C. This extract was effective in reducing the IL-1βsecretion in mouse macrophages and this reduction was correlated with a decrease in activation of the protease caspase-1. Furthermore, we found that the extract at a concentration of 30 μg/mL was not toxic to the cells even after a 18-hour treatment. Altogether, these data indicate that Brazilian green propolis (EPP-AF) extract has a role in regulating the inflammasomes.

Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Artepillin C: Determination in Brazilian Green Propolis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Galeotti ◽  
Federica Capitani ◽  
Francesca Maccari ◽  
Veronica Mantovani ◽  
Nicola Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Artepillin C ◽  
Brazilian Propolis ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Electrophoresis Separation ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

Abstract Propolis is important in complementary and alternative medicine having well-known therapeutic applications. Artepillin C, a main component of Brazilian (green) propolis, has attracted great attention for its anticancer action. Consequently, the synthesis of artepillin C has been reported but, due to the limited yield and elevated costs, this biomolecule is largely produced from Brazilian propolis. We report the capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis also comparing the results with those of HPLC-UV-MS. Optimal separation was obtained with a simple buffer constituted of sodium tetraborate 30 mM pH 9.2 and detection at 210 nm. Artepillin C and the polyphenols of propolis were fully separated with a voltage gradient of 30 to 8 kV and a current of 300 μA for a total run of 50 min. The sensitivity of CE-UV was 22 times greater than HPLC-UV and 100 times more than HPLC-MS with also a stronger reduction in the run time and a greater robustness and reproducibility. The development of CE as an effective and reliable method for the analysis of artepillin C is desired as the standardized quality controls are essential before propolis or its biomolecules can be adopted routinely in nutraceuticals, food ingredients and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Deficit of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) accelerates progressive hearing loss

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaida M Celaya ◽  
Isabel Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Jose M Bermúdez-Muñoz ◽  
Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa ◽  
Laura Pintado-Berninches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Progressive Hearing Loss ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as p38 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are activated during the cellular response to stress signals. Their activity is regulated by the MAPK-phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a key component of the anti-inflammatory response. Stress kinases are well-described elements of the response to otic injury and the otoprotective potential of JNK inhibitors is being tested in clinical trials. By contrast, there are no studies exploring the role of DUSP1 in hearing and hearing loss. Here we show that Dusp1 expression is age-regulated in the mouse cochlea. Dusp1 gene knock-out caused premature progressive hearing loss, as confirmed by auditory evoked responses in Dusp1–/– mice. Hearing loss correlated with cell death in hair cells, degeneration of spiral neurons and increased macrophage infiltration. Dusp1–/– mouse cochleae showed imbalanced redox status and dysregulated expression of cytokines. These data suggest that DUSP1 is essential for cochlear homeostasis in the response to stress during ageing.

Efficient radical scavenging ability of artepillin C, a major component of Brazilian propolis, and the mechanism

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1452-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Nakanishi ◽  
Yoshihiro Uto ◽  
Kei Ohkubo ◽  
Kentaro Miyazaki ◽  
Haruko Yakumaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Artepillin C ◽  
Brazilian Propolis ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability

scholarly journals Interaction between p53 N terminus and core domain regulates specific and nonspecific DNA binding

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (18) ◽  
pp. 8859-8868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Wade Borcherds ◽  
Tanjing Song ◽  
Xi Wei ◽  
Mousumi Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Transactivation Domains ◽  
Binding Surface ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

The p53 tumor suppressor is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates gene transcription to regulate cell survival and proliferation. Dynamic control of p53 degradation and DNA binding in response to stress signals are critical for tumor suppression. The p53 N terminus (NT) contains two transactivation domains (TAD1 and TAD2), a proline-rich region (PRR), and multiple phosphorylation sites. Previous work revealed the p53 NT reduced DNA binding in vitro. Here, we show that TAD2 and the PRR inhibit DNA binding by directly interacting with the sequence-specific DNA binding domain (DBD). NMR spectroscopy revealed that TAD2 and the PRR interact with the DBD at or near the DNA binding surface, possibly acting as a nucleic acid mimetic to competitively block DNA binding. In vitro and in vivo DNA binding analyses showed that the NT reduced p53 DNA binding affinity but improved the ability of p53 to distinguish between specific and nonspecific sequences. MDMX inhibits p53 binding to specific target promoters but stimulates binding to nonspecific chromatin sites. The results suggest that the p53 NT regulates the affinity and specificity of DNA binding by the DBD. The p53 NT-interacting proteins and posttranslational modifications may regulate DNA binding, partly by modulating the NT–DBD interaction.

scholarly journals The CBL–CIPK Pathway in Plant Response to Stress Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5668
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Quan-Hui Li ◽  
Ya-Nan Yu ◽  
Yi-Ming Qiao ◽  
Saeed ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Calcineurin B ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous stresses and developmental processes in plants. The major Ca2+ sensors, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form a CBL–CIPK signaling network, which functions as a key component in the regulation of multiple stimuli or signals in plants. In this review, we describe the conserved structure of CBLs and CIPKs, characterize the features of classification and localization, draw conclusions about the currently known mechanisms, with a focus on novel findings in response to multiple stresses, and summarize the physiological functions of the CBL–CIPK network. Moreover, based on the gradually clarified mechanisms of the CBL–CIPK complex, we discuss the present limitations and potential prospects for future research. These aspects may provide a deeper understanding and functional characterization of the CBL–CIPK pathway and other signaling pathways under different stresses, which could promote crop yield improvement via biotechnological intervention.

Preliminary Test of Fish Respiratory and Locomotive Signal Using Multispecies Freshwater Bio indicator (MFB)

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad, A. K. ◽  
A. H. Siti Munirah ◽  
M. Shuhaimi-Othman
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Stress Signals

Fish produces many types of behavior as response to stress that cause by pollution. Respiration and locomotion are two main responses that normally produced. As such, study on these responses is important especially for pollution monitoring. Study on fish respiratory and locomotive behaviors was undertaken using multispecies freshwater bio indicator (MFB). Signal produced by fish determines the specific frequency range for respiratory and locomotive activities. This study aims to produce unstressed and stress signals (ventilation and locomotion) as a respond to TSS contamination. Three common species namely guppy (Poecilia reticulata), fighthing fish (Trichopsis vitatus) and Malaysian masher (Tor tambroides) were used and test was conducted for 24-hour period. Result of the study indicates that ventilation and locomotion activities were clearly separated by different wavelength for all species but each species produced similar wavelength for each activity. A paired t-test confirmed that wavelength for each activity from all species was not differ significantly (p > 0.05, α = 0.05). Only ventilation produce significant respond to TSS load and ventilation percentage signal was increase as TSS concentration increase. Similar respond was observed for all species. This study demonstrates that TSS contamination can be detected at early stage and maximum TSS load into the river system could be estimated.

scholarly journals Modulation of Inflammation and Immune Responses by Heme Oxygenase-1: Implications for Infection with Intracellular Pathogens

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Diego L. Costa ◽  
Eduardo P. Amaral ◽  
Bruno B. Andrade ◽  
Alan Sher
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme molecules releasing equimolar amounts of biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide. Its expression is induced in response to stress signals such as reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive consequences for the host. Interestingly, several intracellular pathogens responsible for major human diseases have been shown to be powerful inducers of HO-1 expression in both host cells and in vivo. Studies have shown that this HO-1 response can be either host detrimental by impairing pathogen control or host beneficial by limiting infection induced inflammation and tissue pathology. These properties make HO-1 an attractive target for host-directed therapy (HDT) of the diseases in question, many of which have been difficult to control using conventional antibiotic approaches. Here we review the mechanisms by which HO-1 expression is induced and how the enzyme regulates inflammatory and immune responses during infection with a number of different intracellular bacterial and protozoan pathogens highlighting mechanistic commonalities and differences with the goal of identifying targets for disease intervention.

scholarly journals Orm protein phosphoregulation mediates transient sphingolipid biosynthesis response to heat stress via the Pkh-Ypk and Cdc55-PP2A pathways

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2388-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidi Sun ◽  
Yansong Miao ◽  
Yukari Yamane ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Kevan M. Shokat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Kinase Cascade ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Protein Dephosphorylation ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Regulation

Sphingoid intermediates accumulate in response to a variety of stresses, including heat, and trigger cellular responses. However, the mechanism by which stress affects sphingolipid biosynthesis has yet to be identified. Recent studies in yeast suggest that sphingolipid biosynthesis is regulated through phosphorylation of the Orm proteins, which in humans are potential risk factors for childhood asthma. Here we demonstrate that Orm phosphorylation status is highly responsive to sphingoid bases. We also demonstrate, by monitoring temporal changes in Orm phosphorylation and sphingoid base production in cells inhibited for yeast protein kinase 1 (Ypk1) activity, that Ypk1 transmits heat stress signals to the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway via Orm phosphorylation. Our data indicate that heat-induced sphingolipid biosynthesis in turn triggers Orm protein dephosphorylation, making the induction transient. We identified Cdc55–protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a key phosphatase that counteracts Ypk1 activity in Orm-mediated sphingolipid biosynthesis regulation. In total, our study reveals a mechanism through which the conserved Pkh-Ypk kinase cascade and Cdc55-PP2A facilitate rapid, transient sphingolipid production in response to heat stress through Orm protein phosphoregulation. We propose that this mechanism serves as the basis for how Orm phosphoregulation controls sphingolipid biosynthesis in response to stress in a kinetically coupled manner.

scholarly journals Role of Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors in the Immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishan Kumar Nyati ◽  
Kashi Nath Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, mostly triggered by an aberrant immune response to an infectious pathogen. Although several infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of GBS, not all such infected individuals develop this disease. Moreover, infection with a single agent might also lead to different subtypes of GBS emphasizing the role of host factors in the development of GBS. The host factors regulate a broad range of inflammatory processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including GBS. Evidences suggest that systemically and locally released cytokines and their involvement in immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage of peripheral nerves are important in the pathogenesis of GBS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) link innate and adaptive immunity through transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines. TLR genes may increase susceptibility to microbial infections; an attenuated immune response towards antigen and downregulation of cytokines occurs due to mutation in the gene. Herein, we discuss the crucial role of host factors such as cytokines and TLRs that activate the immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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