Preliminary Test of Fish Respiratory and Locomotive Signal Using Multispecies Freshwater Bio indicator (MFB)

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad, A. K. ◽  
A. H. Siti Munirah ◽  
M. Shuhaimi-Othman
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Stress Signals

Fish produces many types of behavior as response to stress that cause by pollution. Respiration and locomotion are two main responses that normally produced. As such, study on these responses is important especially for pollution monitoring. Study on fish respiratory and locomotive behaviors was undertaken using multispecies freshwater bio indicator (MFB). Signal produced by fish determines the specific frequency range for respiratory and locomotive activities. This study aims to produce unstressed and stress signals (ventilation and locomotion) as a respond to TSS contamination. Three common species namely guppy (Poecilia reticulata), fighthing fish (Trichopsis vitatus) and Malaysian masher (Tor tambroides) were used and test was conducted for 24-hour period. Result of the study indicates that ventilation and locomotion activities were clearly separated by different wavelength for all species but each species produced similar wavelength for each activity. A paired t-test confirmed that wavelength for each activity from all species was not differ significantly (p > 0.05, α = 0.05). Only ventilation produce significant respond to TSS load and ventilation percentage signal was increase as TSS concentration increase. Similar respond was observed for all species. This study demonstrates that TSS contamination can be detected at early stage and maximum TSS load into the river system could be estimated.

scholarly journals Deficit of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) accelerates progressive hearing loss

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaida M Celaya ◽  
Isabel Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Jose M Bermúdez-Muñoz ◽  
Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa ◽  
Laura Pintado-Berninches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Progressive Hearing Loss ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as p38 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are activated during the cellular response to stress signals. Their activity is regulated by the MAPK-phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a key component of the anti-inflammatory response. Stress kinases are well-described elements of the response to otic injury and the otoprotective potential of JNK inhibitors is being tested in clinical trials. By contrast, there are no studies exploring the role of DUSP1 in hearing and hearing loss. Here we show that Dusp1 expression is age-regulated in the mouse cochlea. Dusp1 gene knock-out caused premature progressive hearing loss, as confirmed by auditory evoked responses in Dusp1–/– mice. Hearing loss correlated with cell death in hair cells, degeneration of spiral neurons and increased macrophage infiltration. Dusp1–/– mouse cochleae showed imbalanced redox status and dysregulated expression of cytokines. These data suggest that DUSP1 is essential for cochlear homeostasis in the response to stress during ageing.

Association Between Early-Stage Juveniles of Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae) and Floating Hydrophytes: Behaviour Supports Species Dispersal?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Tran ◽  
Vinh Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Thanh Nam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract The vertical distribution of early-stage juvenile sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae), an invasive species, were investigated in littoral habitats and the center of channel with floating hydrophytes from the Red River system in Vietnam. Sailfin catfish were sampled from the upper water column with associated floating hydrophytes of the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and native water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and the bottom using hand nets (2-mm mesh sizes). Significantly higher numbers of early-stage juveniles were associated with floating hydrophytes compared to bottom sampling. The association between early stages of sailfin catfishes and floating hydrophytes, especially the free-floating invasive water hyacinth, supports the potential mechanism in the dispersal of an invasive fish.

scholarly journals Interaction between p53 N terminus and core domain regulates specific and nonspecific DNA binding

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (18) ◽  
pp. 8859-8868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Wade Borcherds ◽  
Tanjing Song ◽  
Xi Wei ◽  
Mousumi Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Transactivation Domains ◽  
Binding Surface ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

The p53 tumor suppressor is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates gene transcription to regulate cell survival and proliferation. Dynamic control of p53 degradation and DNA binding in response to stress signals are critical for tumor suppression. The p53 N terminus (NT) contains two transactivation domains (TAD1 and TAD2), a proline-rich region (PRR), and multiple phosphorylation sites. Previous work revealed the p53 NT reduced DNA binding in vitro. Here, we show that TAD2 and the PRR inhibit DNA binding by directly interacting with the sequence-specific DNA binding domain (DBD). NMR spectroscopy revealed that TAD2 and the PRR interact with the DBD at or near the DNA binding surface, possibly acting as a nucleic acid mimetic to competitively block DNA binding. In vitro and in vivo DNA binding analyses showed that the NT reduced p53 DNA binding affinity but improved the ability of p53 to distinguish between specific and nonspecific sequences. MDMX inhibits p53 binding to specific target promoters but stimulates binding to nonspecific chromatin sites. The results suggest that the p53 NT regulates the affinity and specificity of DNA binding by the DBD. The p53 NT-interacting proteins and posttranslational modifications may regulate DNA binding, partly by modulating the NT–DBD interaction.

scholarly journals The CBL–CIPK Pathway in Plant Response to Stress Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5668
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Quan-Hui Li ◽  
Ya-Nan Yu ◽  
Yi-Ming Qiao ◽  
Saeed ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Calcineurin B ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous stresses and developmental processes in plants. The major Ca2+ sensors, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form a CBL–CIPK signaling network, which functions as a key component in the regulation of multiple stimuli or signals in plants. In this review, we describe the conserved structure of CBLs and CIPKs, characterize the features of classification and localization, draw conclusions about the currently known mechanisms, with a focus on novel findings in response to multiple stresses, and summarize the physiological functions of the CBL–CIPK network. Moreover, based on the gradually clarified mechanisms of the CBL–CIPK complex, we discuss the present limitations and potential prospects for future research. These aspects may provide a deeper understanding and functional characterization of the CBL–CIPK pathway and other signaling pathways under different stresses, which could promote crop yield improvement via biotechnological intervention.

Comparison of the Aquatic Plants' Purification Effects on Eutrophic Water from Chaohu Lake Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Quan Ji ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
Eutrophic Water

This research has examined the aquatic plants ability of removing N and P with the experiment materials of the aquatic plants in the river system in Chaohu Region. Results revealed that Ludwigia peploides subsp, Vallisneria spiralis, Water Hyacinth and Cyperus papyrus contribute to removing TN in water to the effect which correlates the growth rate of the plants. 1) Particularly, Water Hyacinth, which grows the fastest among the sample plants, effects with the highest efficiency in removing TN, with the removal ratio of about 77%, 6.8 times that of the control group; 2) 4 aquatic plants function with higher efficiency in removing NH3-N than TN, and the plants in Test 8d remove NH3-N up to the removing ratio of 65-92% or so; 3) 4 aquatic plants tend to degrade NO3--N at the ratio similar to TN, and the absorptive effect of Water Hyacinth tops among the 4 plants, while under the same conditions, the papyrus remains the lowest with the absorptive ratio of only 31.7%; 4) and the regulation that the experiment plants remove the TP in water differs from TP degradation, for, in the early stage of the experiment, plants in Test 20d remove phosphorus at the high rate; however, in the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of phosphorus in water remains stable. At the end of the experiment, the phosphorus removal ratio reached 47.2%, while the ratio that the papyrus removed the phosphorus was only 21.5%. These data suggest that the aquatic plants in Chaohu Region can exert efficient remediation effect upon the eutrophic water.

scholarly journals Modulation of Inflammation and Immune Responses by Heme Oxygenase-1: Implications for Infection with Intracellular Pathogens

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Diego L. Costa ◽  
Eduardo P. Amaral ◽  
Bruno B. Andrade ◽  
Alan Sher
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme molecules releasing equimolar amounts of biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide. Its expression is induced in response to stress signals such as reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive consequences for the host. Interestingly, several intracellular pathogens responsible for major human diseases have been shown to be powerful inducers of HO-1 expression in both host cells and in vivo. Studies have shown that this HO-1 response can be either host detrimental by impairing pathogen control or host beneficial by limiting infection induced inflammation and tissue pathology. These properties make HO-1 an attractive target for host-directed therapy (HDT) of the diseases in question, many of which have been difficult to control using conventional antibiotic approaches. Here we review the mechanisms by which HO-1 expression is induced and how the enzyme regulates inflammatory and immune responses during infection with a number of different intracellular bacterial and protozoan pathogens highlighting mechanistic commonalities and differences with the goal of identifying targets for disease intervention.

A Biochemical Genetic Study of Zoogeography of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Western Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Franzin ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Frequencies of alleles of the genes governing electrophoretic phenotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, the genetics of which were determined previously, proved useful tools for characterizing populations. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and hemoglobin electrophoretic phenotypes, the genetics of which have not been determined, proved useful only for discerning differences among large groups of populations. Using all these characters we determined postglacial routes of gene flow among western Canadian lake whitefish populations and related the biochemical data to the glacial refugia in which lake whitefish are believed to have survived the Wisconsin glaciation. Apparently most lake whitefish populations west of the Ontario–Manitoba boundary and east of the Rocky Mountains were derived from a Mississippi refugium stock with some input from the Bering refugium. At an early stage in the mixing of the two stocks, headwaters of the Peace, Athabasca, and Mackenzie rivers and the Fraser River system were invaded. Subsequently, these areas were cut off from mainstem rivers of the plains, and a G-3-PDH allele not found in early emigrants from the Mississippi refugium appeared and spread throughout the major river systems of central Canada. No evidence was found that any Mississippi stock lake whitefish were able to invade the upper Liard River and Yukon River system including the area of the Bering refugium. Bering stock lake whitefish probably emigrated from that refugium by way of headwater transfer from the Yukon River to the Liard River and possibly, by way of the Porcupine and Peel rivers, from the Yukon River to the lower Mackenzie River. Routes of postglacial dispersal suggested by geological information, rather than selection, appear to provide adequate explanations for the distributions of the biochemical characters in present day lake whitefish populations. This explanation of the biochemical data is also in accord with the distribution of modal gillraker counts in lake whitefish populations and also with the distribution of other freshwater fishes in western Canada. Key words: fish, lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, salmonidae, zoogeography, dehydrogenase, postglacial, biochemical genetics

scholarly journals Orm protein phosphoregulation mediates transient sphingolipid biosynthesis response to heat stress via the Pkh-Ypk and Cdc55-PP2A pathways

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2388-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidi Sun ◽  
Yansong Miao ◽  
Yukari Yamane ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Kevan M. Shokat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Kinase Cascade ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Protein Dephosphorylation ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Regulation

Sphingoid intermediates accumulate in response to a variety of stresses, including heat, and trigger cellular responses. However, the mechanism by which stress affects sphingolipid biosynthesis has yet to be identified. Recent studies in yeast suggest that sphingolipid biosynthesis is regulated through phosphorylation of the Orm proteins, which in humans are potential risk factors for childhood asthma. Here we demonstrate that Orm phosphorylation status is highly responsive to sphingoid bases. We also demonstrate, by monitoring temporal changes in Orm phosphorylation and sphingoid base production in cells inhibited for yeast protein kinase 1 (Ypk1) activity, that Ypk1 transmits heat stress signals to the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway via Orm phosphorylation. Our data indicate that heat-induced sphingolipid biosynthesis in turn triggers Orm protein dephosphorylation, making the induction transient. We identified Cdc55–protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a key phosphatase that counteracts Ypk1 activity in Orm-mediated sphingolipid biosynthesis regulation. In total, our study reveals a mechanism through which the conserved Pkh-Ypk kinase cascade and Cdc55-PP2A facilitate rapid, transient sphingolipid production in response to heat stress through Orm protein phosphoregulation. We propose that this mechanism serves as the basis for how Orm phosphoregulation controls sphingolipid biosynthesis in response to stress in a kinetically coupled manner.

scholarly journals CD45 regulates retention, motility, and numbers of hematopoietic progenitors, and affects osteoclast remodeling of metaphyseal trabecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 205 (10) ◽  
pp. 2381-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoham Shivtiel ◽  
Orit Kollet ◽  
Kfir Lapid ◽  
Amir Schajnovitz ◽  
Polina Goichberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Osteoclast Function ◽  
Metaphyseal Bone ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The CD45 phosphatase is uniquely expressed by all leukocytes, but its role in regulating hematopoietic progenitors is poorly understood. We show that enhanced CD45 expression on bone marrow (BM) leukocytes correlates with increased cell motility in response to stress signals. Moreover, immature CD45 knockout (KO) cells showed defective motility, including reduced homing (both steady state and in response to stromal-derived factor 1) and reduced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization. These defects were associated with increased cell adhesion mediated by reduced matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and imbalanced Src kinase activity. Poor mobilization of CD45KO progenitors by the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, and impaired modulation of the endosteal components osteopontin and stem cell factor, suggested defective osteoclast function. Indeed, CD45KO osteoclasts exhibited impaired bone remodeling and abnormal morphology, which we attributed to defective cell fusion and Src function. This led to irregular distribution of metaphyseal bone trabecules, a region enriched with stem cell niches. Consequently, CD45KO mice had less primitive cells in the BM and increased numbers of these cells in the spleen, yet with reduced homing and repopulation potential. Uncoupling environmental and intrinsic defects in chimeric mice, we demonstrated that CD45 regulates progenitor movement and retention by influencing both the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments.

scholarly journals The Inhibition of Inflammasome by Brazilian Propolis (EPP-AF)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana I. Hori ◽  
Dario S. Zamboni ◽  
Daniel B. Carrão ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Goldman ◽  
Andresa A. Berretta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Cell Cytosol ◽  
Artepillin C ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Brazilian Propolis

Propolis extracts have gained the attention of consumers and researchers due to their unique chemical compositions and functional properties such as its anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, it was described a complex that is also important in inflammatory processes, named inflammasome. The inflammasomes are a large molecular platform formed in the cell cytosol in response to stress signals, toxins, and microbial infections. Once activated, the inflammasome induces caspase-1, which in turn induces the processing of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand IL-18. So, to understand inflammasomes regulation becomes crucial to treat several disorders including autoinflammatory diseases. Since green propolis extracts are able to regulate inflammatory pathways, this work purpose was to investigate if this extract could also act on inflammasomes regulation. First, the extract was characterized and it demonstrated the presence of important compounds, especially Artepillin C. This extract was effective in reducing the IL-1βsecretion in mouse macrophages and this reduction was correlated with a decrease in activation of the protease caspase-1. Furthermore, we found that the extract at a concentration of 30 μg/mL was not toxic to the cells even after a 18-hour treatment. Altogether, these data indicate that Brazilian green propolis (EPP-AF) extract has a role in regulating the inflammasomes.

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