scholarly journals Characterizing AcupunctureDe Qiin Mild Cognitive Impairment: Relations with Small-World Efficiency of Functional Brain Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Shangjie Chen ◽  
Lin Ai ◽  
Maosheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Superficial Needling ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
De Qi

As an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) became a hot topic and early treatments can improve disease prognosis. Acupuncture is shown to have possible effect in improving its cognitive defect. However, the underlying neural mechanism of acupuncture and relations betweenDe Qiand different needling depths are still elusive. The present study aimed to explore how acupuncture can exert effect on the reorganization of MCI and to what extent needling depths, associating withDe Qisensations, can influence the acupuncture effects for MCI treatment. Our results presented that MCI patients exhibited losses of small-world attributes indicated by longer characteristic path lengths and larger clustering coefficients, compared with healthy controls. In addition, acupuncture with deep needling can induce much stronger and a wide range ofDe Qisensations both in intensity and prevalence. Acupuncture with deep needling showed modulatory effect to compensate the losses of small-world attributes existed in MCI patients while acupuncture with superficial needling did not. Furthermore, acupuncture with deep needling enhanced the nodal centrality primarily in the abnormal regions of MCI including the hippocampus, postcentral cortex as well as anterior cingulate cortex. This study provides evidence to understand neural mechanism underlying acupuncture and the key role ofDe Qifor MCI treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis of the prevalence of mental and speech disorders in children in the Srednekolymsky Ulus of Yakutia (based on the results of a screening examination)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Vera V. Pozdnyak ◽  
Severin V. Grechanyy
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the analysis of mental, including speech, disorders among children in the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The purpose of the survey was to analyze the diagnosed mental, including speech, disorders among the children of the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). 501 children aged 2 to 18 years were examined. Clinically significant disorders were detected in 187 children (37.4%). The structure of mental disorders is described: the first place is occupied by specific speech and language disorders (F80), the second is mental retardation (F83) and the third is mild cognitive impairment (F06.7). The data on the prevalence of mental disorders in various age groups are presented: most often, mental disorders occur in adolescence (51.0% of all examined children). Less disturbances are diagnosed in the early age group and the first period of childhood 22.0% of all children examined. In the group of preschool age, speech disorders are in the lead, in the group of primary school age mental retardation, speech disorders and mild cognitive impairment. In adolescence, a wide range of mental disorders is diagnosed, including adaptive reactions and eating disorders. Sexual differences in the nosological specificity of mental disorders were revealed: mental disorders prevail in boys. Speech disorders, stuttering, and behavioral disorders are significantly more common among boys. Among girls, adaptation disorders, emotionally labile disorders and eating disorders are significantly more common.

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment Screening in Older Adults With Type 2 DM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A416-A417
Author(s):  
Daniela Victoria Pirela ◽  
Victor Cevallos ◽  
Jorge G Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Tight Glycemic Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Introduction: Older adults (O-A), more than 65 years old, are a heterogeneous group of patients in terms of functionality, social support and health status that implies a wide range of co-morbidities including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and unidentified dementia. De-intensification of treatment is recommended for O-A with T2DM, tight glycemic control and high risk of hypoglycemia. Assessment of all geriatric domains (medical, functional, social and psychological including screening for MCI) is encouraged to support a complete clinical picture that leads to appropriate targets and adequate therapeutic approach. The literature suggests that de-intensification of treatment in this population is uncommon, which calls for the development of new strategies to prevent potential harm, however we also question if previously established tools are being used. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of a community-dwelling Veterans with at least two office visits in the Geriatric Clinic between January 1st 2018 to December 31st 2019. 210 patients with 65 years of age or older with T2DM and A1C < 7.5 were found. 64 (30%) of the patients where on hypoglycemic medication including sulfonylureas or insulin. From this subgroup, only 9 (14%) patients where recommended to de-intensify therapy. 189 (90%) of all the patients were screened for memory disorders. Interestingly 20 patients (31%) of those using sulfonylureas or insulin as part of their diabetes treatment were not screened, which was a higher percentage compared to 48 (25%) patients not on hypoglycemic medications also not screened for memory disorders. Conclusion: similar to previous studies de-intensification is uncommon not only among endocrinologist but in other sub-specialties involved in the care of the Geriatric population. This data emphasizes the importance of using previously developed treatment tools specially in those with at higher risk of overtreatment side effects such as older adults with tight glycemic control and hypoglycemic medication

scholarly journals Relationship between Amyloid-β Deposition and the Coupling between Structural and Functional Brain Networks in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Edward S. Hui ◽  
Peng Cao ◽  
Henry K. F. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Functional Brain Networks

Previous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathologies has distinctive stage-specific effects on the structural and functional brain networks along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. A more comprehensive account of both types of brain network may provide a better characterization of the stage-specific effects of Aβ pathologies. A potential candidate for this joint characterization is the coupling between the structural and functional brain networks (SC-FC coupling). We therefore investigated the effect of Aβ accumulation on global SC-FC coupling in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and healthy controls. Patients with MCI were dichotomized according to their level of Aβ pathology seen in 18F-flutemetamol PET-CT scans—namely, Aβ-negative and Aβ-positive. Our results show that there was no difference in global SC-FC coupling between different cohorts. During the prodromal AD stage, there was a significant negative correlation between the level of Aβ pathology and the global SC-FC coupling of MCI patients with positive Aβ, but no significant correlation for MCI patients with negative Aβ. During the AD dementia stage, the correlation between Aβ pathology and global SC-FC coupling in patients with AD was positive. Our results suggest that Aβ pathology has distinctive stage-specific effects on global coupling between the structural and functional brain networks along the AD continuum.

Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Predictor of Amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease with Psychosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Jeong ◽  
Young-Min Lee ◽  
Je-Min Park ◽  
Byung-Dae Lee ◽  
Eunsoo Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease with psychosis (AD + P). Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI. The main outcome measure was time-to-progression from aMCI to AD + P. Subregions of the ACC (rostral ACC, rACC; caudal ACC, cACC) and hippocampus (HC) were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the Freesurfer analysis at baseline. Survival analysis with time to incident AD + P as an event variable was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models using the subregions of the ACC and HC as a continuous variable. Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the risk of AD + P was associated with sub-regional ACC thickness but not HC volume: reduced cortical thickness of the left cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.224 [0.087–0.575], p = 0.002), right cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.318 [0.132–0.768], p = 0.011). This association of the cACC with the risk of AD also remained significant when adjusted for HC volume. Conclusion: We found that reduced cortical thickness of the cACC is a predictor of aMCI conversion to AD + P, independent of HC, suggesting that the ACC plays a vital role in the underlying pathogenesis of AD + P.

scholarly journals Mapping the small-world properties of brain networks in deception with functional near-infrared spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Lin ◽  
Genyue Fu ◽  
Liyang Sai ◽  
Huafu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Small World ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Path Lengths

Abstract Deception is not a rare occurrence among human behaviors; however, the present brain mapping techniques are insufficient to reveal the neural mechanism of deception under spontaneous or controlled conditions. Interestingly, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a highly promising neuroimaging technique that enables continuous and noninvasive monitoring of changes in blood oxygenation and blood volume in the human brain. In this study, fNIRS was used in combination with complex network theory to extract the attribute features of the functional brain networks underling deception in subjects exhibiting spontaneous or controlled behaviors. Our findings revealed that the small-world networks of the subjects engaged in spontaneous behaviors exhibited greater clustering coefficients, shorter average path lengths, greater average node degrees, and stronger randomness compared with those of subjects engaged in control behaviors. Consequently, we suggest that small-world network topology is capable of distinguishing well between spontaneous and controlled deceptions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document