scholarly journals Murine Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Ninomiya ◽  
Yasuteru Kondo ◽  
Tooru Shimosegawa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
History Of ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Multiple Hit

In 1980, Ludwig et al. first reported patients of steatohepatitis who lacked a history of excessive alcohol consumption but showed liver histology resembling alcoholic hepatitis and progression to cirrhosis of the liver accompanied by inflammation and fibrosis. The development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. However, the pathogenesis of NASH remains incomplete. A “multiple-hit” hypothesis for the pathogenesis of NASH based on an animal model has been proposed and remains a foundation for research in this field. We review the important dietary and genetic animal models and discuss the pathogenesis of NASH.

scholarly journals NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marinko Marušić ◽  
Matej Paić ◽  
Mia Knobloch ◽  
Ana-Marija Liberati Pršo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Numerous Investigation ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition defined by fat accumulation in hepatocytes not promoted by excessive alcohol consumption. It is highly prevalent and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes type II. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this condition leading to accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver cells, thus causing lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on currently known pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Numerous investigation strategies are available to establish the diagnosis, from biochemical markers and ultrasound to various molecular and advanced imaging techniques and liver biopsy. Prevention is crucial. However, effective and promising therapies are strongly demanded.

scholarly journals The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maria Tanase ◽  
Evelina Maria Gosav ◽  
Claudia Florida Costea ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, and vice versa. This complex and intricate association is supported and mediated by insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we discuss the NAFLD immunopathogenesis, connection with IR and T2DM, the role of screening and noninvasive tools, and mostly the impact of the current antidiabetic drugs on steatosis liver and new potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The effect of moderate alcohol drinking in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-669
Author(s):  
Jong Hwa Choi ◽  
Won Sohn ◽  
Yong Kyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by fat accumulation in liver that is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Safe limits of alcohol consumption in NAFLD are usually defined as alcohol consumption of less than 210 g per week for men and 140 g per week for women (30 g/day in men, 20 g/day in women) and alcohol consumption below safe limits is generally regarded as moderate alcohol consumption. Many studies have investigated the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on NAFLD patients. Some studies showed that moderate alcohol consumption prevented the progression of fibrosis in the liver, whereas other reports showed worsening of fibrosis in the liver based on serologic, radiologic and liver biopsy findings compared with effects on total abstainers. NAFLD is also thought to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and when combined with excessive alcohol consumption results in the development of components of metabolic syndrome and systemic harmful effects. The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on NAFLD have yet to be established.

scholarly journals Influence of Sleeve Gastrectomy on NASH and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Karcz ◽  
D. Krawczykowski ◽  
S. Kuesters ◽  
G. Marjanovic ◽  
B. Kulemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in up to 85% of adipose patients and may proceed to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). With insulin resistance and obesity being the main risk factors for NASH, the effect of isolated sleeve gastrectomy (ISG) on these parameters was examined.Methods. 236 patients underwent ISG with intraoperative liver biopsy from December 2002 to September 2009. Besides demographic data, pre-operative weight/BMI, HbA1c, AST, ALT, triglycerides, HDL and LDL levels were determined.Results. A significant correlation of NASH with higher HbA1c, AST and ALT and lower levels for HDL was observed (P<.05, <.0001, <.0001, <.01, resp.). Overall BMI decreased from 45.0 ± 6.8 to 29.7 ± 6.5 and 31.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2at 1 and 3 years. An impaired weight loss was demonstrated for patients with NASH and patients with elevated HbA1c (plateau 28.08 kg/m2versus 29.79 kg/m2and 32.30 kg/m2versus 28.79 kg/m2, resp.). Regarding NASH, a significant improvement of AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL levels was shown (P<.0001for all). A resolution of elevated HbA1c was observed in 21 of 23 patients.Summary. NASH patients showed a significant loss of body weight and amelioration of NASH status. ISG can be successfully performed in these patients and should be recommended for this subgroup.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Plasma Aminotransferase Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 2231-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Portillo-Sanchez ◽  
Fernando Bril ◽  
Maryann Maximos ◽  
Romina Lomonaco ◽  
Diane Biernacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Triglyceride ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonobese Patients

Context and Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, they are usually believed to largely affect those with elevated aminotransferases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD by the gold standard, liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases, and to characterize their metabolic profile. Participants and Methods: We recruited 103 patients with T2DM and normal plasma aminotransferases (age, 60 ± 8 y; body mass index [BMI], 33 ± 5 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin [A1c], 7.6 ± 1.3%). We measured the following: 1) liver triglyceride content by 1H-MRS; 2) systemic insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance); and 3) adipose tissue insulin resistance, both fasting (as the adipose tissue insulin resistance index: fasting plasma free fatty acids [FFA] × insulin) and during an oral glucose tolerance test (as the suppression of FFA). Results: The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH were much higher than expected (50% and 56% of NAFLD patients, respectively). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in obese compared with nonobese patients as well as with increasing BMI (P = .001 for trend). Higher plasma A1c was associated with a greater prevalence of NAFLD and worse liver triglyceride accumulation (P = .01). Compared with nonobese patients without NAFLD, patients with NAFLD had severe systemic (liver/muscle) and, particularly, adipose tissue (fasting/postprandial) insulin resistance (all P &lt; .01). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD is much higher than previously believed in overweight/obese patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases. Moreover, many are at increased risk of NASH. Physicians should have a lower threshold for screening patients with T2DM for NAFLD/NASH.

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