Novel Sesquiterpene Glycoside from Loquat Leaf Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Improving Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Xiaoqin Ding ◽  
Ruoyun Wu ◽  
Bei Tong ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Sesquiterpene Glycoside ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maria Tanase ◽  
Evelina Maria Gosav ◽  
Claudia Florida Costea ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, and vice versa. This complex and intricate association is supported and mediated by insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we discuss the NAFLD immunopathogenesis, connection with IR and T2DM, the role of screening and noninvasive tools, and mostly the impact of the current antidiabetic drugs on steatosis liver and new potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Influence of Sleeve Gastrectomy on NASH and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Karcz ◽  
D. Krawczykowski ◽  
S. Kuesters ◽  
G. Marjanovic ◽  
B. Kulemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in up to 85% of adipose patients and may proceed to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). With insulin resistance and obesity being the main risk factors for NASH, the effect of isolated sleeve gastrectomy (ISG) on these parameters was examined.Methods. 236 patients underwent ISG with intraoperative liver biopsy from December 2002 to September 2009. Besides demographic data, pre-operative weight/BMI, HbA1c, AST, ALT, triglycerides, HDL and LDL levels were determined.Results. A significant correlation of NASH with higher HbA1c, AST and ALT and lower levels for HDL was observed (P<.05, <.0001, <.0001, <.01, resp.). Overall BMI decreased from 45.0 ± 6.8 to 29.7 ± 6.5 and 31.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2at 1 and 3 years. An impaired weight loss was demonstrated for patients with NASH and patients with elevated HbA1c (plateau 28.08 kg/m2versus 29.79 kg/m2and 32.30 kg/m2versus 28.79 kg/m2, resp.). Regarding NASH, a significant improvement of AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL levels was shown (P<.0001for all). A resolution of elevated HbA1c was observed in 21 of 23 patients.Summary. NASH patients showed a significant loss of body weight and amelioration of NASH status. ISG can be successfully performed in these patients and should be recommended for this subgroup.

scholarly journals Yogurt improves insulin resistance and liver fat in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Rennan Feng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jiaxing Dai ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Because consumption of conventional yogurt has beneficial effects in a healthy population, and insulin resistance (IR) is the mutual pathogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), we hypothesized that yogurt would ameliorate IR in patients with NAFLD and MetS. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yogurt on IR and secondary endpoints including liver fat, gut microbiota, and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women with NAFLD and MetS. Methods One hundred obese women aged 36–66 y with both NAFLD and MetS were randomly assigned to consume 220 g/d of either conventional yogurt or milk for 24 wk. At baseline and week 24, we measured anthropometric indices, serum glucose, insulin, lipids, and cytokines in all participants, and liver fat and gut microbiota in 20 participants randomly selected from each group. Results Forty-eight participants from the yogurt group and 44 from the milk group completed the intervention. Compared with milk, yogurt significantly decreased the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−0.53; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.02), fasting insulin (−2.77 mU/L; 95% CI: −4.91, −0.63 mU/L), 2-h insulin (−25.5 mU/L; 95% CI: −33.0, −17.9 mU/L), 2-h area under the curve for insulin (−29.4 mU/L · h; 95% CI: −44.0, −14.8 mU/L · h), alanine aminotransferase (−4.65 U/L; 95% CI: −8.67, −0.64 U/L), intrahepatic lipid (−3.44%; 95% CI: −6.19%, −0.68%), and hepatic fat fraction (−3.48%; 95% CI: −6.34%, −0.63%). Yogurt also decreased serum LPS (−0.31 EU/mL; 95% CI: −0.48, −0.14 EU/mL), fibroblast growth factor 21 (−57.76 pg/mL; 95% CI: −86.32, −29.19 pg/mL), lipids, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and altered gut microbiota composition. Mediation analysis showed that yogurt may improve IR by reducing serum lipids, inflammation, oxidative stress, and LPS. Conclusions Yogurt was better than milk at ameliorating IR and liver fat in obese Chinese women with NAFLD and MetS, possibly by improving lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and LPS, and changing the gut microbiota composition. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-IPR-15006801.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Plasma Aminotransferase Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 2231-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Portillo-Sanchez ◽  
Fernando Bril ◽  
Maryann Maximos ◽  
Romina Lomonaco ◽  
Diane Biernacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Triglyceride ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonobese Patients

Context and Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, they are usually believed to largely affect those with elevated aminotransferases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD by the gold standard, liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases, and to characterize their metabolic profile. Participants and Methods: We recruited 103 patients with T2DM and normal plasma aminotransferases (age, 60 ± 8 y; body mass index [BMI], 33 ± 5 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin [A1c], 7.6 ± 1.3%). We measured the following: 1) liver triglyceride content by 1H-MRS; 2) systemic insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance); and 3) adipose tissue insulin resistance, both fasting (as the adipose tissue insulin resistance index: fasting plasma free fatty acids [FFA] × insulin) and during an oral glucose tolerance test (as the suppression of FFA). Results: The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH were much higher than expected (50% and 56% of NAFLD patients, respectively). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in obese compared with nonobese patients as well as with increasing BMI (P = .001 for trend). Higher plasma A1c was associated with a greater prevalence of NAFLD and worse liver triglyceride accumulation (P = .01). Compared with nonobese patients without NAFLD, patients with NAFLD had severe systemic (liver/muscle) and, particularly, adipose tissue (fasting/postprandial) insulin resistance (all P &lt; .01). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD is much higher than previously believed in overweight/obese patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases. Moreover, many are at increased risk of NASH. Physicians should have a lower threshold for screening patients with T2DM for NAFLD/NASH.

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