scholarly journals NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marinko Marušić ◽  
Matej Paić ◽  
Mia Knobloch ◽  
Ana-Marija Liberati Pršo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Numerous Investigation ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition defined by fat accumulation in hepatocytes not promoted by excessive alcohol consumption. It is highly prevalent and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes type II. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this condition leading to accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver cells, thus causing lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on currently known pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Numerous investigation strategies are available to establish the diagnosis, from biochemical markers and ultrasound to various molecular and advanced imaging techniques and liver biopsy. Prevention is crucial. However, effective and promising therapies are strongly demanded.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Molecular Imaging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7348
Author(s):  
Olivia Wegrzyniak ◽  
Maria Rosestedt ◽  
Olof Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Activated Fibroblasts

Pathological fibrosis of the liver is a landmark feature in chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diagnosis and assessment of progress or treatment efficacy today requires biopsy of the liver, which is a challenge in, e.g., longitudinal interventional studies. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have the potential to enable minimally invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. This review will summarize and discuss the current status of the development of innovative imaging markers for processes relevant for fibrogenesis in liver, e.g., certain immune cells, activated fibroblasts, and collagen depositions.

scholarly journals Concepts and Treatment Approaches in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina L. Halegoua-De Marzio ◽  
Jonathan M. Fenkel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of adults and is the most common liver disease in Western nations. NAFLD is associated with central adiposity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. It encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver diseases from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with lobular/portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and fibrosis. Of those who develop NASH, 15–25% will progress to end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma over 10–20 years. Its pathogenesis is complex, and involves a state of lipid accumulation due to increased uptake of free fatty acids into the liver, impaired fatty acid beta oxidation, and increased incidence of de novo lipogenesis. Plasma aminotransferases and liver ultrasound are helpful in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH, but a liver biopsy is often required for definitive diagnosis. Many new plasma biomarkers and imaging techniques are now available that should improve the ability to diagnose NAFLD noninvasively Due to its complexity and extrahepatic complications, treatment of NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach with excellent preventative care, management, and treatment. This review will evaluate our current understanding of NAFLD, with a focus on existing therapeutic approaches and potential pharmacological developments.

scholarly journals A Pathophysiologic Approach Combining Genetics and Insulin Resistance to Predict the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1467-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Danford ◽  
Margery A. Connelly ◽  
Irina Shalaurova ◽  
Misung Kim ◽  
Mark A. Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Effect of Berberine in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Wei ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Shijun Hao ◽  
Haiyan Song ◽  
Lili Yang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Aim. To assess the efficacy of berberine in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through meta-analysis.Method. We searched Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and so forth, until March 2016 for randomized controlled trials using berberine to treat NAFLD.Result. Six randomized controlled trials involving 501 patients were included in this study. The results showed that the efficacy of reducing TC, LDL, ALT, 2hPG, and HbA1c in NAFLD patients of the berberine group were significantly higher than that of control group. The subgroup analyses on TG, AST, and FBG indicated that treatment combined with berberine decreased TG level in NAFLD patients significantly. Compared with other drugs, berberine alone decreased TG level in NAFLD patients significantly. We also conducted a descriptive analysis on insulin resistance and radiography results that berberine can improve NAFLD patients’ insulin resistance and fatty liver.Conclusion. According to analysis result, berberine has positive efficacy on blood lipids, blood glucose, liver function, insulin resistance, and fatty liver condition of NAFLD patients. However, due to the limitation of number and quality of trials included, more clinical randomized controlled trials with high quality are needed for further verification of the efficacy of berberine on NAFLD patients.

scholarly journals Role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (30) ◽  
pp. 3175
Author(s):  
Bing-Fang Wang ◽  
Pei-Ying Tian ◽  
Kun Feng ◽  
Fu-Rong Wu ◽  
Yong-Gao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
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