scholarly journals Brain Responses to Acupuncture Are Probably Dependent on the Brain Functional Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanfu Li ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jinbo Sun ◽  
Chunsheng Xu ◽  
Yuanqiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Stages ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

In recent years, neuroimaging studies of acupuncture have explored extensive aspects of brain responses to acupuncture in finding its underlying mechanisms. Most of these studies have been performed on healthy adults. Only a few studies have been performed on patients with diseases. Brain responses to acupuncture in patients with the same disease at different pathological stages have not been explored, although it may be more important and helpful in uncovering its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we used fMRI to compare brain responses to acupuncture in patients with Bell’s palsy at different pathological stages with normal controls and found that the brain response to acupuncture varied at different pathological stages of Bell’s palsy. The brain response to acupuncture decreased in the early stages, increased in the later stages, and nearly returned to normal in the recovered group. All of the changes in the brain response to acupuncture could be explained as resulting from the changes in the brain functional status. Therefore, we proposed that the brain response to acupuncture is dependent on the brain functional status, while further investigation is needed to provide more evidence in support of this proposition.

scholarly journals Children Processing Music: Electric Brain Responses Reveal Musical Competence and Gender Differences

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Koelsch ◽  
Tobias Grossmann ◽  
Thomas C. Gunter ◽  
Anja Hahne ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Process Music ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Brain

Numerous studies investigated physiological correlates of the processing of musical information in adults. How these correlates develop during childhood is poorly understood. In the present study, we measured event-related electric brain potentials elicited in 5and 9-year-old children while they listened to (major–minor tonal) music. Stimuli were chord sequences, infrequently containing harmonically inappropriate chords. Our results demonstrate that the degree of (in) appropriateness of the chords modified the brain responses in both groups according to music-theoretical principles. This suggests that already 5-year-old children process music according to a well-established cognitive representation of the major–minor tonal system and according to music-syntactic regularities. Moreover, we show that, in contrast to adults, an early negative brain response was left predominant in boys, whereas it was bilateral in girls, indicating a gender difference in children processing music, and revealing that children process music with a hemispheric weighting different from that of adults. Because children process, in contrast to adults, music in the same hemispheres as they process language, results indicate that children process music and language more similarly than adults. This finding might support the notion of a common origin of music and language in the human brain, and concurs with findings that demonstrate the importance of musical features of speech for the acquisition of language.

Auditory Brain Stem Response Abnormalities in Patients with Bell's Palsy

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Rosenhall ◽  
Staffan Edström ◽  
Per Hanner ◽  
Gaby Badr ◽  
Anders Vahlne
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Stem Response

To evaluate the hypothesis of CNS involvement in Bell's palsy, the auditory brain stem responses (ABR) of 31 patients were studied. In nine of these patients ABR abnormalities were found. None of these patients showed evidence of dysfunction of the cochlear nerve. Six of the patients who had abnormal ABR were retested after they recovered from the facial paresis. Five of these patients showed persistent ABR abnormality, and one showed a normalization of the ABR. These results may be consistent with an injury at the brain stem level in some patients with Bell's palsy. The possible causative agent of a reactivation of a herpes simplex virus infection is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Functional Connectivity of Anterior Cingulate Cortex for Bell’s Palsy Patients with Different Clinical Duration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Wu ◽  
Hongxing Kan ◽  
Chuanfu Li ◽  
Kyungmo Park ◽  
Yifang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Healthy Control

Acupuncture is widely used in the treatment of Bell’s palsy (BP) in many countries, but its underlying physiological mechanism remained controversial. In order to explore the potential mechanism, changes of functional connectivity (FC) of anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) were investigated. We collected 20 healthy (control group) participants and 28 BP patients with different clinical duration accepted resting state functional MRI (rfMRI) scans before and after acupuncture, respectively. The FC of ACC before and after acupuncture was compared with pairedt-test and the detailed results are presented in the paper. Our results showed that effects of the acupuncture on FC were closely related to clinical duration in patients with BP, which suggested that brain response to acupuncture was closely connected with the status of brain functional connectivity and implied that acupuncture plays a homeostatic role in the BP treatment.

Computation of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Chafi ◽  
G. Karami ◽  
M. Ziejewski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

In this paper, an integrated numerical approach is introduced to determine the human brain responses when the head is exposed to blast explosions. The procedure is based on a 3D non-linear finite element method (FEM) that implements a simultaneous conduction of explosive detonation, shock wave propagation, and blast-brain interaction of the confronting human head. Due to the fact that there is no reported experimental data on blast-head interactions, several important checkpoints should be made before trusting the brain responses resulting from the blast modeling. These checkpoints include; a) a validated human head FEM subjected to impact loading; b) a validated air-free blast propagation model; and c) the verified blast waves-solid interactions. The simulations presented in this paper satisfy the above-mentioned requirements and checkpoints. The head model employed here has been validated again impact loadings. In this respect, Chafi et al. [1] have examined the head model against the brain intracranial pressure, and brain’s strains under different impact loadings of cadaveric experimental tests of Hardy et al. [2]. In another report, Chafi et al. [3] has examined the air-blast and blast-object simulations using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) multi-material and Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) formulations. The predicted results of blast propagation matched very well with those of experimental data proving that this computational solid-fluid algorithm is able to accurately predict the blast wave propagation in the medium and the response of the structure to blast loading. Various aspects of blast wave propagations in air as well as when barriers such as solid walls are encountered have been studied. With the head model included, different scenarios have been assumed to capture an appropriate picture of the brain response at a constant stand-off distance of nearly 80cm (2.62 feet) from the explosion core. The impact of brain response due to severity of the blast under different amounts of the explosive material, TNT (0.0838, 0.205, and 0.5lb) is examined. The accuracy of the modeling can provide the information to design protection facilities for human head for the hostile environments.

scholarly journals Cortical Reorganization in Patients Recovered from Bell’s Palsy: An Orofacial and Finger Movements Task-State fMRI Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoun Lee ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Chuanfu Li ◽  
Aihong Yuan ◽  
Hongli Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Orofacial Movements ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Motor Areas

Objective.To explore cortical reorganization of patients recovered from Bell’s palsy (BP) by task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during finger and orofacial movements and provide more evidence for acupuncture clinical treatment of BP.Methods.We collected 17 BP patients with complete clinical recovery (BP group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) accepted the task-state fMRI scans with lip pursing movements and finger movements, respectively.Results.It was found that there were significant differences of brain functional status between the two groups.Conclusions.The results showed that there was cortical reorganization in the brain of patients recovered from BP after acupuncture treatment, which also suggested the relationship between the hand motor areas and facial motor areas of BP patients.

scholarly journals Commonality and Specificity of Acupuncture Action at Three Acupoints as Evidenced by fMRI

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 695-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Claunch ◽  
Suk-Tak Chan ◽  
Erika E. Nixon ◽  
Wei Qiao Qiu ◽  
Tara Sporko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Subgenual Cingulate

Previous work from our team and others has shown that manual acupuncture at LI4 (hegu), ST36 (zusanli), and LV3 (taichong) deactivates a limbic-paralimbic-neocortical brain network, and at the same time activates somatosensory regions of the brain. The objective of the present study was to explore the specificity and commonality of the brain response to manual acupuncture at LI4, ST36, and LV3, acupoints that are located on different meridians and are used to treat pain disorders. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor the brain responses to acupuncture at three different acupoints; we examined 46 healthy subjects who, according to their psychophysical responses, experienced deqi sensation during acupuncture. Brain responses to stimulation at each of the acupoints were displayed in conjunction with one another to show the spatial distribution. We found clusters of deactivation in the medial prefrontal, medial parietal and medial temporal lobes showing significant convergence of two or all three of the acupoints. The largest regions showing common responses to all three acupoints were the right subgenual BA25, right subgenual cingulate, right isthmus of the cingulum bundle, and right BA31. We also noted differences in major sections of the medial prefrontal and medial temporal lobes, with LI4 predominating in the pregenual cingulate and hippocampal formation, ST36 predominating in the subgenual cingulate, and LV3 predominating in the posterior hippocampus and posterior cingulate. The results suggest that although these acupoints are commonly used for anti-pain and modulatory effects, they may mobilize the same intrinsic global networks, with substantial overlap of common brain regions to mediate their actions. Our findings showing preferential response of certain limbic-paralimbic structures suggests acupoints may also exhibit relative specificity.

Motor Intention Determines Sensory Attenuation of Brain Responses to Self-initiated Sounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Timm ◽  
Iria SanMiguel ◽  
Julian Keil ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Marc Schönwiesner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Forward Model ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Model Account ◽  
Sensory Attenuation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Movement Intention

One of the functions of the brain is to predict sensory consequences of our own actions. In auditory processing, self-initiated sounds evoke a smaller brain response than passive sound exposure of the same sound sequence. Previous work suggests that this response attenuation reflects a predictive mechanism to differentiate the sensory consequences of one's own actions from other sensory input, which seems to form the basis for the sense of agency (recognizing oneself as the agent of the movement). This study addresses the question whether attenuation of brain responses to self-initiated sounds can be explained by brain activity involved in movement planning rather than movement execution. We recorded ERPs in response to sounds initiated by button presses. In one condition, participants moved a finger to press the button voluntarily, whereas in another condition, we initiated a similar, but involuntary, finger movement by stimulating the corresponding region of the primary motor cortex with TMS. For involuntary movements, no movement intention (and no feeling of agency) could be formed; thus, no motor plans were available to the forward model. A portion of the brain response evoked by the sounds, the N1-P2 complex, was reduced in amplitude following voluntary, self-initiated movements, but not following movements initiated by motor cortex stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that movement intention and the corresponding feeling of agency determine sensory attenuation of brain responses to self-initiated sounds. The present results support the assumptions of a predictive internal forward model account operating before primary motor cortex activation.

scholarly journals Rapid Brain Responses to Familiar vs. Unfamiliar Music – an EEG and Pupillometry study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jagiello ◽  
Ulrich Pomper ◽  
Makoto Yoneya ◽  
Sijia Zhao ◽  
Maria Chait
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dilation Rate ◽  
Post Onset

Human listeners exhibit marked sensitivity to familiar music – perhaps most readily revealed by popular “name that tune” games, in which listeners often succeed in recognizing a familiar song based on extremely brief presentation. In this work we used electro-encephalography (EEG) and pupillometry to reveal the temporal signatures of the brain processes that allow differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar music. Participants (N=10) passively listened to snippets (750 ms) of familiar and, acoustically matched, unfamiliar songs, presented in random order. A group of control participants (N=12), which were unfamiliar with all of the songs, was also used. In the main group we reveal a rapid differentiation between snippets from familiar and unfamiliar songs: Pupil responses showed greater dilation rate to familiar music from 100-300 ms post stimulus onset. Brain responses measured with EEG showed a differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar music from 350 ms post onset but, notably, in the opposite direction to that seen with pupillometry: Unfamiliar snippets were associated with greater responses than familiar snippets. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.

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