scholarly journals Production of Alkaline Cellulase by Fungi Isolated from an Undisturbed Rain Forest of Peru

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Vega ◽  
Gretty K. Villena ◽  
Victor H. Sarmiento ◽  
Yvette Ludeña ◽  
Nadia Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Apparent Decrease ◽  
Alkaline Cellulase ◽  
Dilution Plate Method ◽  
Soil Dilution

Alkaline cellulase producing fungi were isolated from soils of an undisturbed rain forest of Peru. The soil dilution plate method was used for the enumeration and isolation of fast growing cellulolytic fungi on an enriched selective medium. Eleven out of 50 different morphological colonies were finally selected by using the plate clearing assay with CMC as substrate at different pH values. All 11 strains produced cellulases in liquid culture with activities at alkaline pH values without an apparent decrease of them indicating that they are true alkaline cellulase producers. Aspergillus sp. LM-HP32, Penicillium sp. LM-HP33, and Penicillium sp. LM-HP37 were the best producers of FP cellulase (>3 U mL−1) with higher specific productivities (>30 U g−1 h−1). Three strains have been found suitable for developing processes for alkaline cellulase production. Soils from Amazonian rain forests are good sources of industrial fungi with particular characteristics. The results of the present study are of commercial and biological interest. Alkaline cellulases may be used in the polishing and washing of denim processing of the textile industry.

Isolation of Potential Alkaliphilic Cellulase-Producer Strains from Limestone Area of Perlis

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1054-1058
Author(s):  
Nor’izzah Zainuddin ◽  
Khadijah Hanim Abd Rahman ◽  
Abdul Razak Shaari ◽  
Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Selective Medium ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cellulolytic Fungi ◽  
The Future ◽  
Alkaline Cellulase ◽  
Dilution Plate Method ◽  
Soil Dilution ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Producer Strains

Alkaliphilic cellulases-producer fungi were isolated from soil of limestone areas in Perlis. The potential strain was isolated by soil dilution plate method on enriched selective medium using CMC as substrate at different pH levels. Eleven isolates of different morphological colonies were screened using the hydrolysis capacity test by Gram’s iodine. Out of eleven colonies, five showed positive results as the hydrolysis zone formed. BK1 showed the highest hydrolysis capacity among all sample strains for every pH levels. Eventually, four strains were selected to be further explored as cellulolytic fungi for the production of alkaline cellulase in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum , a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
M. Rollán ◽  
C. Mónaco ◽  
G. Lampugnani ◽  
N. Arteta ◽  
D. Bayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Soil Dilution

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping.Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum . Imazamox had no effect at any concentration.Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum . Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.

Improved selective medium for isolating Cylindrocladium crotalariae microsclerotia from naturally infested soils

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Soil Dilution

Reduced development of fusaria and other undesired fungi, and improved recognition of Cylindrocladium crotalariae colonies on soil-dilution plates were accomplished by supplementing a previously used medium (sucrose–TBZ medium) with three quaternary ammonium compounds, replacing peptone with tyrosine, and increasing the concentration of sucrose to yield a water potential of −10 bars. These changes eliminated the need to treat soil with NaClO to control undesired fungi. The new medium, designated sucrose–QT medium, allowed increased recovery of C. crotalariae microsclerotia from all 16 naturally infested soils tested.

Alkaline Cellulase Production by Penicillium mallochii LMB-HP37 Isolated from Soils of a Peruvian Rainforest

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Vega ◽  
Victor Sarmiento ◽  
Yvette Ludeña ◽  
Nadia Vera ◽  
Carmen Tamariz-Angeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Alkaline Cellulase

scholarly journals Textile Industry Wastewater Color Removal Using Lemna Minor L and Lemna Minuta L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
D Sivakumar ◽  
R Anand ◽  
Asanammal Saral
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The influence of various nutrient dosages, dilution ratios and pH values was evaluated with different contact time against colour removal from textile industry wastewater using Lemna minor L and Lemna minuta L.  The optimum nutrient dosage, dilution ratio, and pH value was found to be 50 mg, 8 and 8 respectively. The maximum colour removal corresponding to the optimum process parameters value observed using Lemna minor L as 82.85 % and using Lemna minuta L as 89.5 %. Further, verification was done and showed that the maximum colour removal percentage from textile industry wastewater is lower than colour removal from an aqueous solution.  The results of this study concluded that Lemna minuta L removed more colour than Lemna minor L and both were identified to reproduce the obtained optimum process parameters and for removing colour in a textile industry wastewater.  

scholarly journals Behaviour of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane for dyes removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2093-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Gómez ◽  
M. D. Murcia ◽  
M. Serrano ◽  
R. Rodríguez-Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rejection Coefficient ◽  
Limited Application

Abstract Although ultrafiltration membranes have been used for the separation of macromolecules and colloids from solutions, this process has a limited application in the removal of dyes present in coloured discharges of textile industry, as these typically have much lower molecular weight than the molecular cut-off of the membranes (MWCO). In the present work, we have evaluated the behaviour of a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane in the removal of different dyes from aqueous solutions (Congo red, methyl green and amaranth). Different variables (tangential flow rate, concentration of dye and pH of the feed) were studied to determine their influence on the separation processes (permeate flux and rejection coefficient). The results show that Congo red is easily removed with a GR60PP membrane (MWCO = 25 kDa), whereas methyl green and amaranth show rejection coefficient values of approximately 25.78% and 13.85%, respectively, at neutral pH. Also, an interesting effect is observed for the rejection coefficient for methyl green at different pH values. In addition, several treatments were performed to the membrane so as to modify its surface, trying to improve the values obtained for permeate flux and rejection rate.

Shifts in community composition provide a mechanism for maintenance of activity of soil yeasts in the presence of elevated copper levels

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cornelissen ◽  
A Botha ◽  
W J Conradie ◽  
G M Wolfaardt
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Basidiomycetous Yeasts ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Soil Dilution

Soil dilution plates were prepared from different soil samples using a solid synthetic selective medium containing (i) glucose as carbon source, (ii) thymine as nitrogen source, (iii) vitamins, (iv) minerals, and (v) chloramphenicol as antibacterial agent. Using the Diazonium Blue B colour reaction, it was found that both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts were able to grow on this medium. Subsequently, the medium was used to enumerate yeasts in soil microcosms prepared from four different soil samples, which were experimentally treated with the fungicide copper oxychloride, resulting in copper (Cu) concentrations of up to 1000 ppm. The selective medium supplemented with 32 ppm of Cu was used to enumerate Cu-resistant yeasts in the microcosms. The results showed that the addition of Cu at concentrations [Formula: see text]~1000 ppm did not have a significant effect on total number of yeasts in the soil. Furthermore, it was found that Cu-resistant yeasts were present in all the soil samples, regardless of the amount of Cu that the soil was challenged with. At the end of the incubation period, yeasts in the microcosms with zero and ~1000 ppm of additional Cu were enumerated, isolated, and identified with sequence analyses of the D1/D2 600–650 bp region of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA. Hymenomycetous species dominated in the control soil, while higher numbers of the urediniomycetous species were found in the soil that received Cu. These observations suggest that urediniomycetous yeasts may play an important role in re-establishing overall microbial activity in soils, following perturbations, such as the addition of Cu-based fungicides.Key words: copper, heavy metals, soil, yeasts.

EFFECT OF PLATING MEDIUM AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF FUNGI IN SOIL-DILUTION PLATES

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D. Kaufman ◽  
Lansing E. Williams ◽  
Charles B. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Dilution Plate Method ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Soil Dilution ◽  
Soil Extract Agar

The effects of 20, 25, or 30 °C incubation temperatures for dilution-plates and of five plating media (Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station Medium (OAES), Liftman"s crystal-violet agar, dextrose-peptone agar, soil-extract agar, and glucose-nitrate soil-extract agar) on total numbers and types of fungi isolated from two soils (sugar beet or corn cropped) by a soil-dilution plate method were determined. The data revealed that significant differences existed among the three variables as well as their interactions. Although numbers of colonies of fungi isolated were not affected significantly, the types of fungi (number of individual genera) isolated were significantly greater in sugar beet than in corn cropped soils. In nearly all instances, the greatest total number and types of fungi were isolated at temperatures of 20 or 25 °C. Although each medium appeared to favor one or more groups of fungi, the overall frequency and distribution of fungi was essentially the same on all media. On the basis of its transparency, total number and types of fungi isolated, the elimination of bacteria and actinomycetes, and its restriction of rapidly growing fungi, the OAES medium was deemed the most suitable for use in the soil-dilution plate method.

VARIATIONS OF pH WITH ANNUAL CUMULATIVE PRECIPITATION IN ACID FOREST SOILS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. CRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acid Forest Soils ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Cumulative Precipitation

Colorimetric soil pH measurements made systematically across Belcarra Mountain in the rain-forest of British Columbia over the 4-yr period 1975 to 1978 showed summer (June or July) values to increase somewhat with total cumulative precipitation (previous November to July). After dry winters, lower pH values in both A and B horizons were recorded, the increase in acidification being so marked on the sandy Podzols as compared to the less light-textured Brunisols that the normal increase in pH down the profile was reversed. The causes of such variations are discussed along with their significance when characterizing Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzols of the region.

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