scholarly journals Simulating Evacuations with Obstacles Using a Modified Dynamic Cellular Automata Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim Eng Aik ◽  
Tan Wee Choon
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Exit Route ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Human Emotions ◽  
Better Than

A modified dynamic cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the evacuation of occupants from a room with obstacles. The model takes into account some factors that play an important role in an evacuation process, such as human emotions and crowd density around the exits. It also incorporates people’s ability to select a less congested exit route, a factor that is rarely investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that modifications to the exits provide reasonable improvement to evacuation time, after taking into account the fact that people will tend to select exit routes based on the distance to the exits and the crowd density around the exits. In addition, the model is applied to simulations of classroom and restaurant evacuation. Results obtained with the proposed model are compared with those of several existing models. The outcome of the comparison demonstrates that it performs better than existing models.

scholarly journals Potential Field Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Evacuation in a Domain with a Ramp

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xia Jian ◽  
Xiaoning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

We propose a potential field cellular automata model with a pushing force field to simulate the pedestrian evacuation in a domain with a ramp. We construct a cost potential depending on the ramp angle and introduce a function to evaluate the pushing force, which is related to the cost and the desired direction of pedestrian. With increase of crowd density, there is no empty space for pedestrian moving forward; pedestrian will purposefully push another pedestrian on her or his desired location to arrive the destination quickly. We analyse the relationship between the slope of ramp and the pushing force and investigate the changing of injured situations with the changing of the slope of ramp. When the number of pedestrians and the ramp angle arrive at certain critical points, the Domino effect will be simulated by this proposed model.

SUBCONSCIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION PERCEIVING BEHAVIOR AND ITS ATTENUATION IN INFORMATION-BASED EVACUATION EXPERIMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1250049 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIZHONG YANG ◽  
SHAOBO LIU ◽  
PING RAO ◽  
KONGJIN ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Experiment

An evacuation was studied from a classroom by means of experiment and simulation. In the experiments, evacuation with and without visibility was mimicked by requiring the evacuees to wear eye masks or not. The distribution of evacuees' egress times against initial positions and the flow rate at exits were studied. It was found that when masks were used, evacuees' egress strategies were highly dependent on their pre-perceived environmental information in subconsciousness which might affect the egress process. Thus we call this phenomenon the "subconscious environmental information perceiving behavior." In the simulation, a cellular automata model considering the influence of sound information and the subconscious behavior was used to simulate the experiments. Both the experimental and the simulation results show that the sound information plays a more important role in evacuation without visibility than in normal condition, and the pre-perceived environmental information is also very important when people have poor visibility because of the subconscious environmental information perceiving behavior. The simulation results consist with the experimental results well. This study is useful for understanding the human behaviors during emergency evacuation with poor visibility under the guide of sound signal.

Validation of Cellular Automata Model of Dynamic Recrystallization

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sitko ◽  
Łukasz Madej ◽  
Maciej Pietrzyk
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Transition Rules ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Neighborhood Type

Development and validation of the micro scale cellular automata (CA) model of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) were the main goals of the present paper. Major assumptions of the developed CA DRX model, which is based on the Digital Material Representation (DMR) concept, are described. Parameters like neighborhood type, state and internal variables of the proposed model and their influence on final results are presented and discussed. Particular attention was put on description of the developed transition rules used to replicate mechanisms leading to dynamic recrystallization. Finally, obtained results in the form of flow stress curves are compared with the experimental predictions.

Cellular Automata to Simulate Crack Propagation of Quasi-Brittle Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lian He ◽  
Ming Tian Li
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Lattice Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Secondary Cracks ◽  
Good Accordance ◽  
Cellular Automaton Method ◽  
Theoretical Results

Crack propagation in quasi-brittle material such as rock and concrete is studied by a new numerical method, lattice cellular automata. Cellular automaton method is an efficient method that simulates the process of self-organization of the complex system by constructing some simple local rules. It is of the advantage of localization and parallelization. Lattice model can transform a complex triaxial problem into a simpler uniaxial problem as well as consider the heterogeneity of the materials. Lattice cellular automata integrate advantages of both cellular automata and lattice model. In this paper the importance of the study of crack propagation, fundamentals and applications of cellular automata are briefly introduced firstly. Then the cellular automata model is presented, and in order to verify lattice cellular automata, the propagation of mode-I crack in homogeneous material is studied. Results of the numerical simulation are in good accordance with the experimental results and theoretical results of classical fracture mechanics. Furthermore, based on lattice cellular automata, the crack propagation of single crack under uniaxial compression was simulated. During the crack growth the wing crack and secondary cracks were found. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental results.

TRAFFIC FLOW AT A SIGNAL CONTROLLED T-SHAPED INTERSECTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONG-JUN DING ◽  
XIAO-YAN SUN ◽  
RUN-RAN LIU ◽  
QIAO-MING WANG ◽  
BING-HONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Signal Phase ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Adaptive Signal ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, traffic flow at a signal controlled T-shaped intersection with three input roads is investigated by using the cellular automata model. When each road is a double lane, the model only exists in three conflict points among three directions of flows. We introduce three-phase traffic signal and two types of signal controlling strategies, i.e. fixed signal phase order as well as adaptive signal phase order strategy, to control the traffic flow at the intersection. The phase diagram, the capacity and the average travel time of the system are investigated and compared under both strategies. The simulation results show that the traffic adaptive signal strategy is better than the fixed signal phase order strategy.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimization of Evacuation Routes in Stadium Using Superposed Potential Field Network Based ACO

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Kou ◽  
Shengwu Xiong ◽  
Zhixiang Fang ◽  
Xinlu Zong ◽  
Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Route Length ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
Field Network

Multiobjective evacuation routes optimization problem is defined to find out optimal evacuation routes for a group of evacuees under multiple evacuation objectives. For improving the evacuation efficiency, we abstracted the evacuation zone as a superposed potential field network (SPFN), and we presented SPFN-based ACO algorithm (SPFN-ACO) to solve this problem based on the proposed model. In Wuhan Sports Center case, we compared SPFN-ACO algorithm with HMERP-ACO algorithm and traditional ACO algorithm under three evacuation objectives, namely, total evacuation time, total evacuation route length, and cumulative congestion degree. The experimental results show that SPFN-ACO algorithm has a better performance while comparing with HMERP-ACO algorithm and traditional ACO algorithm for solving multi-objective evacuation routes optimization problem.

scholarly journals Development of a Microscopic Fuzzy Inference Based Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ujjal Chattaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Microscopic Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Over Time

In this work a microscopic model on pedestrian flow has been proposed. Observed data is used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. The model developed here uses a fuzzy inference system to represent the rules and a force–field structure to represent the repulsive and attractive impacts of objects and goals, respectively in the flow space. The flow space and time are discretized and viewed as discrete quantities. This microscopic model of pedestrian behavior, which essentially models how each pedestrian behaves over time in the flow space, is embedded in a simulation model which is used to simulate situations similar to the ones for which experiments have been done. The results show that the model performs reasonably well.

Modeling of Pedestrian Counter Flow in Corridors with Different Barriers

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 1685-1689
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Liu ◽  
Wei Guo Song ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Fei Zhou Huo
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Original Direction

An improved cellular automata model is proposed to study the pedestrian counter flow in corridors with different placements of barriers. The model considers the sensing region, collision avoidance, following, position exchange, and other common pedestrian behaviors. The sensing region here considers not only the number of pedestrians, but also their distances, velocities, both of which affect pedestrians’ transition probabilities. For example, when confronting with opposite pedestrians in high speed, the pedestrian may prefer to slow down or change the original direction. In the model, the pedestrians can change their velocities according to different situations. Simulations are conducted with the proposed model and the effect of different placements of barriers in corridors is studied in detail. The flow rates in different situations are compared, and it is found that certain placements of barriers can obviously improve the corridor’s pedestrian capacity, which may contribute to corridor design in the future.

MODELING FIXED-BLOCK RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM USING CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODEL

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIN NING ◽  
KE-PING LI ◽  
ZI-YOU GAO
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Time Diagram ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Insight Into

In this paper, we propose a new cellular automata model to simulate the railway traffic. The proposed model is based on deterministic NaSch traffic model. The signaling system adopted in this work is the three-aspect fixed-block signaling system. In order to obtain insight into the characteristic behavior of the railway signaling system, we analyze the space-time diagram of traffic flow and the trajectory of train movement etc. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CA model can be successfully used for the simulations of railway signaling system. Some complex phenomena observed in railway system can be reproduced.

Modelling Route Choice in Crowd Evacuation on Passenger Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Li ◽  
W Cai ◽  
A A Kana ◽  
B Atasoy
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Safety

This paper proposes an agent-based simulation model with route choice process to predict the crowd behaviours and evaluate the evacuation safety on passenger ships. The model focuses on the behaviours of two common types of passengers that are not typically accounted for during most evacuation analyses, namely, passengers who are not familiar with the ship layout and passengers who have family members or friends with them. In the proposed model, a marker concept is introduced to represent critical routing points of the layout and passenger agents make a route choice based on their surroundings and characteristics instead of just following the shortest routes. The simulation model is tested by two small but targeted scenarios and one comprehensive scenario on a ship deck. For ship designers, a more realistic evacuation time is provided to better assess the evacuation performance of a ship, and a heat map of crowd density is presented to identify possible bottleneck areas.

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