Pharmacological Evaluation ofProsopis cineraria(L.) Druce in Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Vascular Disorders

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/735653 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽

Sajjad Haider ◽

Imran Imran ◽

Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq ◽

Laura De Martino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Channel Blocker ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Response Curves ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Vascular Disorders ◽

Relaxant Effect ◽

Pharmacological Evaluation ◽

Rabbit Jejunum

In this paper, a crude methanolic extract from the stem bark ofProsopis cineraria, a plant native of Pakistan, was tested for its possible presence of spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and vasodilator activities in an attempt to validate some of its folkloric uses. Moreover, attempts were made to provide plausible explanations of the observed biological activities. The extract caused relaxation of the spontaneous as well as K+(80 mM)-induced contractions at tissue bath concentrations of 3–10 mg/mL in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, probably mediated through blockade of Ca+2channels. This finding was further confirmed by the shifting of the Ca+2concentration response curves to the rightward in a manner similar to verapamil used as a standard Ca+2channel blocker. The extract also exhibited nonspecific relaxant effect on carbachol (1 μM)- and K+(80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit tracheal preparations. The same effect was recorded for phenylephrine (11 μM) and K+(80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit aortic preparations in a manner similar to verapamil. These observations confirm that observed bronchodilator and vasodilator activities were possibly mediated through blockade of Ca+2channels. The above-mentioned observations validate the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal ailments.

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Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Viola odorata in diarrhea, bronchial asthma and hypertension

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i4.23889 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 836 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽

Waseem Ullah Khan ◽

Fatima Saqib ◽

Mamoona Khalid

Keyword(s):

Channel Blocker ◽

Response Curves ◽

Relaxant Effect ◽

Viola Odorata ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Channel Blocking ◽

Blocking Activity ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Spontaneous Contractions ◽

Pharmacological Basis

Viola odorata is traditionally used in the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders. The present study was undertaken to validate its folkloric uses. The application of V. odorata to spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparation exerted relaxant effect through decrease in magnitude and frequency of contractions. Moreover, it also caused relaxation of K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions and shifted the Ca2+ concentration response curves toward right in isolated jejunum similar to verapamil (standard Ca2+ channel blocker), confirming Ca2+ channel blocking activity. V. odorata also caused relaxation of carbachol (1 µM)- and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit tracheal preparations comparable to verapamil, reflecting that observed relaxant effect may be the outcome of anti-muscarinic and/or Ca2+ channel blocking activities. It also exerted relaxant effect on phenylephrine (1 µM)- and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit aortic preparations thus providing rationale for its folkloric uses to treat diarrhea, asthma and hypertension.

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Gut modulator effect of methanolic extract of Solanum surattense explains its traditional use in constipation and diarrhea

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24343 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Shumaila Andleeb ◽

Muhammad Masood Ahmed ◽

Musaddique Hussain

Keyword(s):

Response Curve ◽

Channel Blocker ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Solanum Surattense ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Concentration Response Curve ◽

Pharmacological Basis

Current research was conducted to find out the pharmacological basis of the methanolic extract of Solanum surattense for its traditional uses in constipation and diarrhea. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, S. surattense exhibited the spasmogenic effect at lower concentration (0.01-1.0 mg/mL) followed by the spasmolytic effect at next higher concentration (3-5 mg/mL) with EC50 value of3.17 mg/mL. S. surattense and verapamil (standard Ca2+ channel blocker) caused an inhibition of K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions with EC50 value of0.85 and 0.15 mg/mL respectively, suggesting Ca2+ channels block-ade.Extract caused the rightward shift in Ca2+ concentration-response curve, similar to verapamil. Among the fractions, aqueous fraction showed the spasmogenic effect while dichloromethane fraction showed spasmolytic effect. It is concluded that methanolic extract of S. surattense contains spasmogenic and spasmolytic constituents, which explains its traditional uses in constipation and diarrhea.

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Pharmacological Effects ofLactuca serriolaL. in Experimental Model of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Vascular Ailments

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/304394 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽

Muhammad Farhaj Latif ◽

Fatima Saqib ◽

Imran Imran ◽

M. Zia-Ul-Haq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscarinic Receptors ◽

Channel Blocker ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Contractile Response ◽

Rabbit Aorta ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Response Curves ◽

Lactuca Serriola ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Isolated Rabbit Aorta

Lactuca serriolaL. has traditionally been used in folkloric medicine to manage respiratory, gastrointestinal, and multiple other ailments. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of methanol extract ofL. serriolaon isolated rabbit tissue preparations, that is, jejunum, trachea, and aorta in an attempt to validate its folkloric use in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular ailments. The application of the methanol extract to isolated rabbit jejunum preparations exhibited concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect (0.03 to 3.0 mg/mL), but interestingly further increase in concentration (5.0 mg/mL) resulted in complete spasmolytic effect. The pretreatment of the tissue preparations with atropine (0.1 μM) caused the suppression of the contractile response. Moreover, the same extract also caused relaxation of K+-(80 mM) induced spastic contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum preparations (5.0 mg/mL) and shifted the Ca++dose response curves towards right at concentration range of 0.3–1.0 mg/mL. Similarly, the extract application to isolated rabbit tracheal preparations relaxed the carbachol-(1 μM) induced (0.3–1.0 mg/mL) as well as K+-(80 mM) induced contractions (3.0 mg/mL). Furthermore, it relaxed the phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit aorta preparations (3.0 mg/mL) and K+(80 mM)-induced contractions (1.0 mg/mL). These effects were found comparable to that of dicyclomine, as an antagonist of muscarinic receptors as well as a possible Ca++channel blocker. The previously mentioned findings may partially justify the folkloric use ofLactuca serriolain the management of conditions pertaining to spasm of intestine, bronchioles, and vasculature.

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Mechanisms Underlying the Relaxant Effect of Galetin 3,6- Dimethyl Ether, from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, on Guinea-Pig Trachea

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.5560/znc.2014-0017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (11-12) ◽

pp. 434-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cibério Landim Macêdo ◽

Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos ◽

Ana Carolina de Carvalho Correia ◽

Italo Rossi Roseno Martins ◽

Daysianne Pereira de Lira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Muscarinic Receptors ◽

Channel Blocker ◽

Response Curves ◽

Relaxant Effect ◽

Voltage Gated ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Pka Pathway ◽

Small Conductance

Abstract Galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL), a flavonoid from the aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, was found to exert a relaxant effect on carbachol (CCh)-pre-contracted guinea-pig trachea. Based on cumulative concentration-response curves to CCh, FGAL antagonized muscarinic receptors pseudo-irreversibly and noncompetitively, since it inhibited and shifted these curves towards higher concentrations in a nonparallel manner. In addition, FGAL was more potent in relaxing contractions induced by 18 mM as compared to 60 mM KCl (pD2 = 5:50 ±0:36 and 4.80 ±0.07, respectively), indicating the participation of K+ channels. In the presence of 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA+) chloride, a nonselective K+ channel blocker, the relaxant potency of FGAL was reduced (from pD2 = 5:12 ±0:07 to 4.87 ±0.02). Among several selective blockers of K+ channel subtypes, only apamin, an SKCa (small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels) blocker, attenuated the relaxant potency of FGAL (pD2 = 4:85±0:06), suggesting SKCa activation. FGAL was equipotent in relaxing trachea contracted by 60 mM KCl (pD2 =4:80 ±0:07) or 10-6 M CCh (pD2 = 5:02 ±0:07), suggesting CaV (voltage-gated calcium channel), but not ROCs (receptor-operated calcium channels) participation. Furthermore, aminophylline-induced relaxation (pD2 = 4:12 ±0:06) was potentiated around 4-fold (pD2 = 4:80 ±0:44) in the presence of FGAL. Moreover, forskolininduced relaxation (pD2 = 6:51 ±0:06) was potentiated around 2.5-fold (pD2 = 6:90 ±0:05) by FGAL. Conversely, sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was unaffected, indicating that the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway, but not the NO pathway, may be modulated by the flavonoid. These results suggest that, in guinea-pig trachea, FGAL induces relaxation by pseudo-irreversible noncompetitive antagonism on muscarinic receptors, modulation of K+ and Ca2+ channels, as well as activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway.

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Pharmacological evaluation of Dactyloctenium aegyptium: An indigenous plant used to manage gastrointestinal ailments

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i2.21811 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 295 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽

Fatima Saqib

Keyword(s):

Channel Blocker ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Response Curves ◽

Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽

Channel Blocking ◽

Blocking Activity ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Indigenous Plant ◽

Higher Doses

Crude extract of Dactylotenium aegyptium and its fractions were evaluated to rationalize its folkloric use in gastrointestinal ailments. In spontaneous contracting rabbit jejunum preparation, D. aegyptium exert concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect (0.01-0.1 mg/mL) followed by spasmolytic effect at higher doses (0.3-3.0 mg/mL). Pretreatment of the tissue preparations with atropine resulted in suppression of the spasmogenic response. Furthermore, D. aegyptium (1.0 mg/mL) caused relaxation of K+ (80 mM)-induced spastic contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations and there was non-parallel shift in Ca++ dose response curves towards right (0.1-0.3 mg/mL). These findings were found to be comparable with verapamil, a standard Ca++ channel blocker. The solvent-solvents fractionation reflected segregations of spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects in respective aqueous and dichloromethane fractions. The above-mentioned findings reflected, presence of cholinergic as well as Ca++ channel blocking activity in ethanolic extract of D. aegyptium thus providing scientific basis for its folkloric use in constipation and diarrhea.

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IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF MAYTENUS EMARGINATA STEM BARK ON INDIAN ADULT EARTHWORM

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i3.30756 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 400-403

Author(s):

UMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI ◽

RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Saline Water ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Time Of Death ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Alternative Source

Objective: The development of anthelmintic activity and the high cost of synthetic anthelmintic drugs it leads to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of the stem bark of Maytenus emarginata on eggs and adult Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli. Methods: Three concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of plant M. emarginata were studied in activity which involved the determination of the time of paralysis (called as vermifuge) and time of death (called as vermicidal) of the worms. Piperazine citrate in same concentration as those of extract was included as standard reference and normal saline water with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose as control. Results: The methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Peak activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present study have shown that M. emarginata contain possible anthelmintic compounds and further evaluation of these plants should be carried out. The traditional use of anthelmintic activity of this plant is genuine.

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Phytochemical and biological investigation on Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb

IIUC Studies ◽

10.3329/iiucs.v14i1.37654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Sanjida Sharmin ◽

Fakir Shahidullah Tareq ◽

Choudhury Mahmood Hasan ◽

Monira Ahsan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biological Investigation ◽

Pure Compounds

The methanolic extract of the stem bark of Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb. (Family: Moraceae) was investigated for the isolation of pure compounds and determination of few biological activities. A mixture of two compounds cycloartenyl acetate and lupeol acetate were isolated from it. The crude methanol extract as well as its petroleum ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and aqueous soluble fractions were studied for antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Among the different fractions, the aqueous soluble partitionate was found to have most potent antioxidant activity as compared to tertbutyl-1- hydroxytoluene. Antimicrobial screening of the different fractions was performed using the disc diffusion method. In these tests, the chloroform soluble fraction and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of methanolic extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity (range of zone of inhibition 8-12 mm). In brine shrimp lethality test, the petroleum ether soluble extract exhibited the highest level of cytotoxicity.IIUC Studies Vol.14(1) June 2017: 45-52

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Exploration of In-vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of crude methanolic extracts of Quisqualis indica (stem bark): An ethno medicinal plant

International Journal of Biological Research ◽

10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6803 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

Meer Hossain ◽

Md. Saddam Hussain ◽

Moin -UL-Islam ◽

Md. Abdur Rahman ◽

Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Drug Study ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Wide Range

Quisqualis indica plant (Stem bark) was analyzed in-vitro to evaluate biological activities including anti-microbial properties and cytotoxic potentials. The crude n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract of the plant were subjected to the microbiological investigation against a wide range of Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used for evaluation of cytotoxic activity of Quisqualis indica. The zones of inhibition produced by the hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract of Quisqualis indica were ranged from 7-15 mm, 8-18 mm, 12-20 mm and 10-16 mm respectively at a concentration of 400μg/disc. The obtained results were compared against standard Kanamycin (30µg/disc). In case of brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were found to show LC50 of 1.254, 0.826, 3.866 and 5.366 µg/ml respectively as compared with vincristine sulfate (with LC50 value of 0.3229 µg/ml) as a standard positive control. The obtained results confirmed the presence of anti-microbial properties and cytotoxic potentials of Quisqualis indica which supports the traditional use of this plant in various diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms and can be a good candidate for a further anti-tumor drug study.

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Antispasmodic and Antidiarrheal Activities ofValeriana hardwickiiWall. Rhizome Are Putatively Mediated through Calcium Channel Blockade

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/304960 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Samra Bashir ◽

Raafia Memon ◽

Anwar H. Gilani

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channel ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Channel Blockade ◽

Response Curves ◽

Calcium Channel Blockade ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Spontaneous Contractions ◽

Dose Dependent

Valeriana hardwickiiis indigenous to Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon, where it is traditionally being used as an antispasmodic and antidiarrheal, besides its culinary use as spice. The aim of this paper was to provide pharmacological validation to these medicinal uses. The crude aqueous-methanolic extract ofValeriana hardwickiirhizome (Vh.Cr) was studied on isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice for spasmolytic and antidiarrheal properties, respectively. Vh.Cr caused concentration-dependent (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and inhibited K+-induced contractions (0.01–0.3 mg/mL), similar to verapamil, suggestive of calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB effect was confirmed when pretreatment of the jejunum preparations with Vh.Cr produced a concentration-dependent (0.03–0.1 mg/mL) rightward shift in the Ca++concentration-response curves, as caused by verapamil. Vh.Cr exhibited dose-dependent (100–300 mg/kg) protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Loperamide, a standard antidiarrheal drug, similarly prevented the diarrhea. These data indicate the presence of CCB effect in the extract ofValeriana hardwickiirhizome, possibly mediating its antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities and provide a scientific base for its traditional use in hyperactive gut disorders.

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Antispasmodic activity of Symplocos paniculata is mediated through opening of ATP-dependent K+ channel

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i2.24667 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 495 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽

Saba Akram ◽

Fatima Saqib ◽

Mamoona Khalid

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

K Channel ◽

Antispasmodic Activity ◽

Relaxant Effect ◽

Rabbit Jejunum ◽

Low K

Symplocos paniculata is a medicinal plant used by native healers to manage gastrointestinal ailments. The crude methanolic extract of S. paniculata was screened pharmacologically both in vitro and in vivo for the validation of its therapeutic potential. It suppressed the spontaneous activity of isolated rabbit jejunum preparations and also caused inhibition of the low K+ (20 mM)- induced spastic contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations in a manner comparable to cromakalim. The relaxant effect was found to be blocked following glibenclamide exposure of the isolated tissue preparations similar to cromakalim, suggesting that observed response was likely to be mediated through opening of ATP dependent K+ channels. Following oral administration to mice provided protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea in a manner similar to loperamide. The plant material was found safe in toxicity study up to oral dose of 8 g/kg in mice. Hence, present study provides a scientific basis for the vernacular use of S. paniculata in gastro-intestinal system.

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