scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Cytokine Profiles of Trophoblast Antigen-Stimulated Maternal Lymphocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Raghupathy ◽  
Majedah Al-Azemi ◽  
Fawaz Azizieh
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ifnγ And Tnfα

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important perinatal syndrome that poses several serious short- and long-term effects. We studied cytokine production by maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by trophoblast antigens. 36 women with a diagnosis of IUGR and 22 healthy women with normal fetal growth were inducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with trophoblast antigens and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ, and TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. IL-8 was produced at higher levels by blood cells of the IUGR group than normal pregnant women, while IL-13 was produced at lower levels. IL-8, IFNγ, and TNFα were higher in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in normal pregnancy. IL-12 levels were higher and IL-10 levels were lower in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in IUGR without placental insufficiency. We suggest that a stronger pro-inflammatory bias exists in IUGR as compared to normal pregnancy and in IUGR with placental insufficiency when compared to IUGR without placental insufficiency. Several ratios of proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines also support the existence of an inflammatory bias in IUGR.

Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽  
◽  
Ye.O. Didyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

scholarly journals Consequences in Infants That Were Intrauterine Growth Restricted

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Cosmi ◽  
Tiziana Fanelli ◽  
Silvia Visentin ◽  
Daniele Trevisanuto ◽  
Vincenzo Zanardo
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽  
Short And Long Term

Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition fetus does not reach its growth potential and associated with perinatal mobility and mortality. Intrauterine growth restriction is caused by placental insufficiency, which determines cardiovascular abnormalities in the fetus. This condition, moreover, should prompt intensive antenatal surveillance of the fetus as well as follow-up of infants that had intrauterine growth restriction as short and long-term sequele should be considered.

scholarly journals Catecholamines Mediate Multiple Fetal Adaptations during Placental Insufficiency That Contribute to Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Lessons from Hyperthermic Sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Yates ◽  
A. S. Green ◽  
S. W. Limesand
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Placental insufficiency (PI) prevents adequate delivery of nutrients to the developing fetus and creates a chronic state of hypoxemia and hypoglycemia. In response, the malnourished fetus develops a series of stress hormone-mediated metabolic adaptations to preserve glucose for vital tissues at the expense of somatic growth. Catecholamines suppress insulin secretion to promote glucose sparing for insulin-independent tissues (brain, nerves) over insulin-dependent tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose). Likewise, premature induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis helps maintain fetal glucose and appears to be stimulated by both norepinephrine and glucagon. Reduced glucose oxidation rate in PI fetuses creates a surplus of glycolysis-derived lactate that serves as substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis. These adrenergically influenced adaptive responses promotein uterosurvival but also cause asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age infants that are at greater risk for serious metabolic disorders throughout postnatal life, including obesity and type II diabetes.

Circulating microparticles: a marker of procoagulant state in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Bretelle ◽  
Florence Sabatier ◽  
Dominique Desprez ◽  
Laurence Camoin ◽  
Leila Grunebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Endothelial Microparticles ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Cellular Marker ◽  
Circulating Microparticles

SummaryIn the present study, we explored the microparticles involved in the control of hemostatic equilibrium, i.e microparticles originating from platelet, endothelial cells and total MP defined as annexin V positive microparticles. Our aim was to analyze the level and procoagulant activity of these microparticles in normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia or isolated intrauterine growth restriction. We reported increased levels of platelet and endothelial microparticles in normal pregnancy compared to non pregnant healthy women. Number of annexin V microparticles was significantly increased together with their procoagulant activity. In pathological pregnancies, significant reduction in platelet microparticle number was found in preeclampsia. The procoagulant activity generated by the total annexin V MP was unchanged, suggesting that the microparticles remaining in the circulation were pro-coagulant. This study evidenced that microparticles constitute a cellular marker of a proinflammatory and procoagulant responses in normal pregnancy. In pregnancies with vascular complications, circulating MP with procoagulant potential may be part of the exacerbation of these responses.

scholarly journals Selenium is a functional component of the female reproductive system. Its role in pregnancy complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
G.K. Sadykova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Olina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Functional Component ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
In Pregnancy

This paper reviews studies on selenium (Se) in human reproduction. Low Se intake is associated with the development of gestational hypertension, miscarriage, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and thyroid gland dysfunction. Therefore, studies on the association between Se deficiency and impaired folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and infertility in women are of great interest. Unfortunately, these studies are scarce, and further studies are needed. A significant antioxidant activity of Se-containing enzymes allows for minimizing risks of obstetrical complications associated with placental insufficiency. Therefore, selenium is vital for realizing female reproductive function. However, even given potential risks of insufficient Se-containing product intake, the authors find it unacceptable to recommend Se dotation in the population since toxic effects of Se excess are yet to be fully explored. Further studies on Se biological effects will extend the scope of its use in obstetrics and gynecology in terms of a preventive approach. KEYWORDS: selenium, placental insufficiency, folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, antioxidant, miscarriage, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction. FOR CITATION: Sadykova G.K., Olina A.A. Selenium is a functional component of the female reproductive system. Its role in pregnancy complications. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(4):328–332 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-4- 328-332.

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