scholarly journals Simulation Study of Building Integrated Solar Liquid PV-T Collectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Matuska
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Moderate Climate

Influence of building integration of polycrystalline PV modules on their performance and potential for use of active liquid cooling by use of BIPV-T collectors has been investigated by simulation analysis with a detailed model. Integration of PV modules into building envelope could reduce the annual production of electricity by a rate above 5% and negatively influence lifetime due to thermal stresses induced by high operation temperatures above 100°C in the case of warm climate and above 90°C in moderate climate. Two configurations of unglazed PV-T collectors (low-tech, high-tech) and their ability to eliminate overheating of BIPV module have been discussed. Simulation study on combined heat and electricity production from given BIPV-T collectors has been presented for three typical applications (5°C: primary circuits of heat pumps; 15°C: cold water preheating; 25°C: pool water preheating). Thermal output of unglazed BIPV-T collectors is up to 10 times higher than electricity. Electricity production could be up to 25% higher than BIPV (without cooling) for warm climate and up to 15% in moderate climate.

Effect of Changing Atmospheric and Operating Conditions on the Thermal Stresses in PV Modules

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Siddiqui ◽  
A. F. M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Battery Chargers ◽  
Pv Modules

Photovoltaic (PV) technology provides a direct method to convert solar energy into electricity. In recent years, the use of PV systems has increased greatly with many applications of PV devices in systems as small as battery chargers to large scale electricity generation systems and satellite power systems. An important factor that influences the reliability of photovoltaic modules is their ability to withstand high thermal stresses which develop in PV modules due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the different module materials. PV modules also experience thermal cycles which can lead to failure of the module. In the present work, three dimensional numerical thermal and structural models of a PV module were developed and sequentially coupled together to calculate the temperature distribution in the PV module and the thermal stresses developing in it. The model is also capable of simulating PV module cooling. Using the model, a study was conducted to evaluate the thermal and structural performance of the module with and without cooling and the variation in thermal stress magnitudes with changing environmental conditions (solar radiation and ambient temperature) and operating conditions (heat exchanger inlet temperature and velocity).

Body Temperatures of Free-Ranging Platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), with Observations on their Use of Burrows

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Grant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Free Ranging

Body temperatures (T*h) of free-ranging platypuses were monitored by means of radiotelemetry; although fluctuations of up to 2.8�C occurred in some individuals, most T*b measured were close to 32�C, even during immersion in cold water for up to 12 h. Platypuses spent up to 51% of their day foraging in water, and during such activities 71% of the animals studied used more than one particular burrow. One platypus maintained its T*b, while swimming in water of 0�C in a partly frozen river for at least 5 h. The platypus is a competent homeotherm which maintains a constant T*b in the face of the considerable thermal stresses imposed on it during winter in the southern part of its range.

scholarly journals Glazed Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) Collectors for Domestic Hot Water Preparation in Multifamily Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6071
Author(s):  
Nikola Pokorny ◽  
Tomáš Matuška
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System

Photovoltaic–thermal collector generates electrical and thermal energy simultaneously from the same area. In this paper performance analysis of a potentially very promising application of a glazed photovoltaic–thermal collector for domestic hot water preparation in multifamily building is presented. Solar system in multifamily building can be installed on the roof or integrated in the façade of the building. The aim of this simulation study is to show difference of thermal and electrical performance between façade and roof installation of a glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors at three European locations. Subsequently, this study shows benefit of photovoltaic-thermal collector installation in comparison with side-by-side installation of conventional system. For the purpose of simulation study, mathematical model of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector has been experimentally validated and implemented into TRNSYS. A solar domestic hot water system with photovoltaic–thermal collectors generates more electrical and thermal energy in comparison with a conventional system across the whole of Europe for a particular installation in a multifamily building. The specific thermal yield of the photovoltaic–thermal system ranges between 352 and 582 kWh/m2. The photovoltaic–thermal system electric yield ranges between 63 and 149 kWh/m2. The increase in electricity production by the photovoltaic–thermal system varies from 19% to 32% in comparison with a conventional side-by-side system. The increase in thermal yield differs between the façade and roof alternatives. Photovoltaic-thermal system installation on the roof has higher thermal yield than conventional system and the increase of thermal yield ranges from 37% to 53%. The increase in thermal yield of façade photovoltaic-thermal system is significantly higher in comparison with a conventional system and ranges from 71% to 81%.

Optimization of Wire Loop Height for a Cavity Down Plastic Pin Grid Array Package

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chaudhry ◽  
F. Barez
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Wire Loop ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Test Points

A study has been conducted to resolve wire neck break problem in a cavity-down plastic pin grid array (PPGA) packages with a specific range of parameters when subjected to temperature cycle (−55°C/+125°C). In most cases, a weak or broken neck of the wire was observed after 300 cycles of temperature cycling. The objective of this study is to determine an optimum wire loop height so that the package can pass a 1000 temperature cycles. Results of a simulation study, performed by other researchers, using a finite element model (FEM) were utilized. Their work considered the effect of temperature cycling on PPGA packages identical to those in this report. Several possible factors that can contribute to this failure mechanism were analyzed, and stresses in the wires were evaluated. The simulation results were verified by running an experiment on actual parts. The parts were subjected to temperature cycling, and data was gathered at different test points. The experimental results obtained did concur with simulation results which suggested that the area just above the ball experienced a significant level of thermal stresses, and such stresses could be reduced by determining an optimum loop height.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Operating Temperature of Crystalline PV Modules Based on Real Use Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Ciulla ◽  
Valerio Lo Brano ◽  
Vincenzo Franzitta ◽  
Marco Trapanese
Keyword(s):  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Electrical Behaviour ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
New Correlation ◽  
Pv Modules

Determining the operating temperatureTcof photovoltaic panelsPVis important in evaluating the actual performance of these systems. In the literature, different correlations exist, in either explicit or implicit forms, which often do not account for the electrical behaviour of panels; in this way, estimatingTcis based only on the passive behaviour of thePV. In this paper, the authors propose a new implicit correlation that takes into account the standard weather variables and the electricity production regimes of aPVpanel in terms of the proximity to the maximum power points. To validate its reliability, the new correlation was tested on two different PV panels (Sanyo and Kyocera panels) and the results were compared with values obtained from other common correlations already available in the literature. The data show that the quality of the new correlation drastically improves the estimation of the photovoltaic operating temperature.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a Hypothetical 1-Hectare PV Plant in the Benguela Region. The First Year of Operation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Pinho ◽  
Luís Ramos ◽  
Zenaida Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Average Energy ◽  
Alternate Current ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Pv Modules

The presents study evaluates the performance of a hypothetical 1-hectare solar photovoltaic (PV) plant located in the Baía Azul Beach, in Benguela, Angola. The first year performance of the plant composed by 2,784 DuoMax 365 PV modules from Trina Solar Company was evaluated by means of the VelaSolaris Polysum software package. The total surface area of the PV modules was of 5,456.64 m2. The annual alternate current electricity production was of 1,511.70 MWh allowing a total of 710.47 tCO2 of CO2 emissions reduction and a performance ratio of 72.8 %. The annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of the PV system were respectively of of 14.3 % and 14.7 %.

scholarly journals Trends in the use of high technology solutions for cybersecurity of critical infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Yoana Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Dos Attack ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to present innovative technologies that contribute to strengthening cybersecurity of critical infrastructure. It focuses on trends in the use of high-tech solutions for cybersecurity of critical infrastructure. They are analyzed the capabilities of the next-generation cybersecurity model, as well as the role of the simulation modelling and expert systems in the process of identifying and preventing cyber attacks. The main result of the study is the description of the overall sequence of steps to be completed in a model in order to a simulation study of the impact of a DoS – attack to it. The applied conributions are expressed in developing the algorithms in the form of block diagrams because of the comparative clarity and accessibility of this approach. Therefore, they are suitable for implementation in professional simulation environments. Тhe types of algorithms and their properties, as well as the symbolism of the geometric blocks used are explained in detail and supported by examples of author's empirical studies conducted in the selected simulation products

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a hypothetical 1-hectare PV plant in the Benguela region. The first year of operation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Pinho ◽  
Luís Ramos ◽  
Zenaida Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Average Energy ◽  
Alternate Current ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Pv Modules

The presents study evaluates the performance of a hypothetical 1-hectare solar photovoltaic (PV) plant located in the Baía Azul Beach, in Benguela, Angola. The first year performance of the plant composed by 2,784 DuoMax 365 PV modules from Trina Solar Company was evaluated by means of the VelaSolaris Polysum software package. The total surface area of the PV modules was of 5,456.64 m2. The annual alternate current electricity production was of 1,511.70 MWh allowing a total of 710.47 tCO2 of CO2 emissions reduction and a performance ratio of 72.8 %. The annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of the PV system were respectively of of 14.3 % and 14.7 %.

scholarly journals Dynamic motion monitoring of a 3.6 km long steel rod in a borehole during cold-water injection with distributed fiber-optic sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Lipus ◽  
Felix Schölderle ◽  
Thomas Reinsch ◽  
Christopher Wollin ◽  
Charlotte M. Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Sucker Rod

Abstract. Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data finds many applications in wellbore monitoring such as e.g. flow monitoring, formation evaluation, and well integrity studies. For horizontal or highly deviated wells, wellbore fiber-optic installations can be conducted by mounting the sensing cable to a rigid structure (casing/tubing) which allows for a controlled landing of the cable. We analyze a cold-water injection phase in a geothermal well with a 3.6 km long fiber-optic installation mounted to a ¾” sucker-rod by using both DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data. During cold-water injection, we observe distinct vibrational events (shock waves) which originate in the reservoir interval and migrate up- and downwards. We use temperature differences from the DTS data to determine the theoretical thermal contraction and integrated DAS data to estimate the actual deformation of the rod construction. The results suggest that the rod experiences thermal stresses along the installation length – partly in the compressional and partly in the extensional regime. We find strong evidence that the observed vibrational events originate from the release of the thermal stresses when the friction of the rod against the borehole wall is overcome. Within this study, we show the influence of temperature changes on the acquisition of distributed acoustic/strain sensing data along a fiber-optic cable suspended along a rigid but freely hanging rod. We show that observed vibrational events do not necessarily originate from induced seismicity in the reservoir, but instead, can originate from stick-slip behavior of the rod construction that holds the measurement equipment.

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