Body Temperatures of Free-Ranging Platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), with Observations on their Use of Burrows

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Grant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Free Ranging

Body temperatures (T*h) of free-ranging platypuses were monitored by means of radiotelemetry; although fluctuations of up to 2.8�C occurred in some individuals, most T*b measured were close to 32�C, even during immersion in cold water for up to 12 h. Platypuses spent up to 51% of their day foraging in water, and during such activities 71% of the animals studied used more than one particular burrow. One platypus maintained its T*b, while swimming in water of 0�C in a partly frozen river for at least 5 h. The platypus is a competent homeotherm which maintains a constant T*b in the face of the considerable thermal stresses imposed on it during winter in the southern part of its range.

Heat balance precedes stabilization of body temperatures during cold water immersion

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tikuisis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Region Temperature

Certain previous studies suggest, as hypothesized herein, that heat balance (i.e., when heat loss is matched by heat production) is attained before stabilization of body temperatures during cold exposure. This phenomenon is explained through a theoretical analysis of heat distribution in the body applied to an experiment involving cold water immersion. Six healthy and fit men (mean ± SD of age = 37.5 ± 6.5 yr, height = 1.79 ± 0.07 m, mass = 81.8 ± 9.5 kg, body fat = 17.3 ± 4.2%, maximal O2 uptake = 46.9 ± 5.5 l/min) were immersed in water ranging from 16.4 to 24.1°C for up to 10 h. Core temperature (Tco) underwent an insignificant transient rise during the first hour of immersion, then declined steadily for several hours, although no subject's Tco reached 35°C. Despite the continued decrease in Tco, shivering had reached a steady state of ∼2 × resting metabolism. Heat debt peaked at 932 ± 334 kJ after 2 h of immersion, indicating the attainment of heat balance, but unexpectedly proceeded to decline at ∼48 kJ/h, indicating a recovery of mean body temperature. These observations were rationalized by introducing a third compartment of the body, comprising fat, connective tissue, muscle, and bone, between the core (viscera and vessels) and skin. Temperature change in this “mid region” can account for the incongruity between the body's heat debt and the changes in only the core and skin temperatures. The mid region temperature decreased by 3.7 ± 1.1°C at maximal heat debt and increased slowly thereafter. The reversal in heat debt might help explain why shivering drive failed to respond to a continued decrease in Tco, as shivering drive might be modulated by changes in body heat content.

Thermoregulatory behaviour in cod: Is the thermal preference in free-ranging adult Atlantic cod affected by food abundance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Björnsson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behaviour

This study supports the hypothesis that well-fed cod (Gadus morhua) seek higher temperatures to increase growth rate, and poorly fed cod select lower temperatures to save metabolic energy. Depth and temperature of free-ranging adult cod (44–79 cm) were studied with data storage tags as part of a ranching project in an Icelandic fjord. Forage fish were regularly provided at four feeding stations where cod formed distinct “herds” (herd cod) that did not mingle much with the rest of the unconditioned cod in the fjord (wild cod). Several parameters (stomach fullness, liver index (fat reserves), condition factor, and growth rate) indicated that food intake was much greater in herd cod than in wild cod. In August, when the thermocline was well established, the herd cod remained in shallow (15–35 m) and warm water (8–10 °C), whereas the wild cod stayed in deep (80–90 m) and cold water (3–4 °C), but occasionally both groups explored depths and temperatures outside their preferred range. After vertical mixing in autumn when thermoregulation was not possible, the depth difference between the two groups decreased significantly.

Body temperature fluctuations in free-ranging eastern foxsnakes (Elaphe gloydi) during cold-water swimming

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A MacKinnon ◽  
Anna Lawson ◽  
E D Stevens ◽  
Ronald J Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Free Ranging

We examined the thermal biology of free-ranging terrestrial eastern foxsnakes (Elaphe gloydi Conant, 1940) that were voluntarily swimming in cold water during spring, in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada. Using temperature-sensitive radiotelemetry, we recorded body temperatures of foxsnakes during 12 cold-water swims, and subsequent warming on shore. During these swims, water temperatures were from 11 to 22 °C and distances of 85–1330 m were travelled. Snakes that were in cold water long enough equilibrated with water temperature and did not maintain a body temperature above ambient. The largest observed drop in body temperature was 22.6 °C (over 11 min) and the largest increase was 23 °C (over 66 min). Such large, rapid temperature fluctuations have not previously been reported in detail from snakes in the field. Twice as many telemetry observations as expected occurred between 1200 and 1400, suggesting that snakes chose to swim midday. Additionally, our results suggest that foxsnakes bask to raise their body temperature prior to swimming in cold water. We compared swimming speed and the coefficient of temperature change among foxsnakes and other snake species. Swimming speed was positively correlated with water temperature, similar to other findings. We found no clear trend between mass and the coefficients of cooling and warming; however, snakes cooled in water 2.8–8.6 times faster than they warmed in air.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of Building Integrated Solar Liquid PV-T Collectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Matuska
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Moderate Climate

Influence of building integration of polycrystalline PV modules on their performance and potential for use of active liquid cooling by use of BIPV-T collectors has been investigated by simulation analysis with a detailed model. Integration of PV modules into building envelope could reduce the annual production of electricity by a rate above 5% and negatively influence lifetime due to thermal stresses induced by high operation temperatures above 100°C in the case of warm climate and above 90°C in moderate climate. Two configurations of unglazed PV-T collectors (low-tech, high-tech) and their ability to eliminate overheating of BIPV module have been discussed. Simulation study on combined heat and electricity production from given BIPV-T collectors has been presented for three typical applications (5°C: primary circuits of heat pumps; 15°C: cold water preheating; 25°C: pool water preheating). Thermal output of unglazed BIPV-T collectors is up to 10 times higher than electricity. Electricity production could be up to 25% higher than BIPV (without cooling) for warm climate and up to 15% in moderate climate.

A review of mucormycosis in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne H. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Free Ranging

Many infectious agents and parasites have been reported from the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), but most do not cause serious disease. The fungus, Mucor amphibiorum, is the only disease agent known to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the free-living platypus in Tasmania. Infection has also been reported in free-ranging cane toads and green tree frogs from mainland Australia, but not confirmed in platypuses from the mainland. This paper reviews mucormycosis in the platypus and includes the epidemiology, clinical features, mycology, pathology as well as possible surveillance, treatment and/or control modalities. The emergence and geographical spread of mucormycosis as a disease entity in Tasmanian platypuses from 1982 till 2005 are discussed. The host, agent and environment factors of the traditional epidemiological paradigm are discussed as they contribute to the conditions that lead to the selection or emergence of Mucor amphibiorum as a pathogen in a population of platypuses.

Temperature regulation in the tortoise Testudo hermanni, studied with indwelling probes

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huot-Daubremont ◽  
D. Bradshaw ◽  
C. Grenot
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractBehavioural thermoregulation has been studied in the terrestrial tortoise Testudo hermanni in south-eastern France by implanting temperature-sensitive probes in free-ranging individuals. Three tortoises were monitored over a period of nine months (July to March); they maintained body temperatures close to their preferendum for periods of several hours each day. These results are of interest as doubt has been expressed in the literature on the thermoregulatory capacities of Testudo hermanni in the northernmost part of its range.

Standard Metabolism of Monotremes and the Evolution of Homeothermy.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Dawson ◽  
TR Grant ◽  
D Fanning
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Standard Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

The standard metabolic rates (SMR) of species from all extant monotreme genera were determined together with body temperatures. The echidnas, Zaglossus bruijni and Tachyglossus aculeatus, of the Family Tachyglossidae, both had an SMR 25-30% of predicted eutherian levels. The platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus, however, had a much higher SMR. The weight-independent values (watts, kg*-075) were 0.86, 0.98 and 2.21 respectively for Z. bruijni, T. aculeatus and 0. anatinus. Body temperatures were similar, however, with means in the range 31.3-32�C. The data are suggested to support the idea of a gradual evolution in metabolic capability rather than marked jumps in metabolic levels.

Heat exchanges in wet suits

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Wolff ◽  
S. R. Coleshaw ◽  
C. G. Newstead ◽  
W. R. Keatinge
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heat Exchanges ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Flow of water under foam neoprene wet suits could halve insulation that the suits provided, even at rest in cold water. On the trunk conductance of this flow was approximately 6.6 at rest and 11.4 W . m-2 . C-1 exercising; on the limbs, it was only 3.4 at rest and 5.8 W . m-2 . degrees C-1 exercising; but during vasoconstriction in the cold, skin temperatures on distal parts of limbs were lower than were those of the trunk, allowing adequate metabolic responses. In warm water, minor postural changes and movement made flow under suits much higher, approximately 60 on trunk and 30 W . m-2 . degrees C-1 on limbs, both at rest and at work. These changes in flow allowed for a wide range of water temperatures at which people could stabilize body temperature in any given suit, neither overheating when exercising nor cooling below 35 degrees C when still. Even thin people with 4- or 7- mm suits covering the whole body could stabilize their body temperatures in water near 10 degrees C in spite of cold vasodilatation. Equations to predict limits of water temperature for stability with various suits and fat thicknesses are given.

scholarly journals Dynamic motion monitoring of a 3.6 km long steel rod in a borehole during cold-water injection with distributed fiber-optic sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Lipus ◽  
Felix Schölderle ◽  
Thomas Reinsch ◽  
Christopher Wollin ◽  
Charlotte M. Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Sucker Rod

Abstract. Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data finds many applications in wellbore monitoring such as e.g. flow monitoring, formation evaluation, and well integrity studies. For horizontal or highly deviated wells, wellbore fiber-optic installations can be conducted by mounting the sensing cable to a rigid structure (casing/tubing) which allows for a controlled landing of the cable. We analyze a cold-water injection phase in a geothermal well with a 3.6 km long fiber-optic installation mounted to a ¾” sucker-rod by using both DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data. During cold-water injection, we observe distinct vibrational events (shock waves) which originate in the reservoir interval and migrate up- and downwards. We use temperature differences from the DTS data to determine the theoretical thermal contraction and integrated DAS data to estimate the actual deformation of the rod construction. The results suggest that the rod experiences thermal stresses along the installation length – partly in the compressional and partly in the extensional regime. We find strong evidence that the observed vibrational events originate from the release of the thermal stresses when the friction of the rod against the borehole wall is overcome. Within this study, we show the influence of temperature changes on the acquisition of distributed acoustic/strain sensing data along a fiber-optic cable suspended along a rigid but freely hanging rod. We show that observed vibrational events do not necessarily originate from induced seismicity in the reservoir, but instead, can originate from stick-slip behavior of the rod construction that holds the measurement equipment.

scholarly journals Dry-air and long-term water (thermally indifferent) baths for the treatment of chronic nephritis

1908 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-82
Author(s):  
R. Undrintsev
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Intercostal Space ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Chronic Nephritis ◽  
Right Border ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Case VІ. Patient O. A., 45 years old, a peasant. Admitted to the clinic on October 10, 1906 with complaints of edema of the face, abdomen, extremities, penis and scroti, significant shortness of breath when walking even on an even place, frequent headaches and a feeling of general weakness. Considers himself sick since September 15, 1906: first, after drinking cold water, a sore throat (probably Angina); after 3-4 days the pain disappeared, but the face and legs began to swell up to the knees, and then the swelling of the arms and abdomen appeared. Of the illnesses suffered earlier, it indicates gonorrhoeam, a "fever" that has been a few times, but not for long. At the time, the patient had scrofula (a white cicatricial spot on the skin of the abdomen in the mesogastrii dextri area is still present). I consumed alcoholic beverages in quite significant quantities. There are no clear indications on Lues. The patient is of average height, correct body build and satisfactory nutrition. The musculoskeletal system and the layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue are sufficiently developed. The color of the skin and visible mucous membranes is rather pale. There are significant ascites and anasarca (fluctuatio vera pronounced clearly). The upper boundaries of both lungs are normal. The lower ones are moved one intercostal space up. The right border of the superficial dullness of the heart is the right edge of the sterni; upper lower edge of the third rib, pushing of the heart apex in the Ѵ-m intercostal space (left side of the chest wall), 2 ctm. outwards from Linea mamil. sinistra. The pulse is low, low filling, normal frequency, correct.

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