scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Applications in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuolian Cheng ◽  
Annie Lai Kuan Tan ◽  
Yong Tao ◽  
Dan Shan ◽  
Kok Eng Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

This study investigated the applicability of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles for the selective removal of toxic heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. The maghemite nanoparticles of 60 nm were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Batch experiments were carried out for the removal of Pb2+ions from aqueous solutions by maghemite nanoparticles. The effects of contact time, initial concentration of Pb2+ions, solution pH, and salinity on the amount of Pb2+removed were investigated. The adsorption process was found to be highly pH dependent, which made the nanoparticles selectively adsorb this metal from wastewater. The adsorption of Pb2+reached equilibrium rapidly within 15 min and the adsorption data were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eny Kusrini ◽  
Nofrijon Sofyan ◽  
Dwi Marta Nurjaya ◽  
Santoso Santoso ◽  
Dewi Tristantini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Chitosan Composite

Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HApC) composite has been prepared by precipitation method and used for removal of heavy metals (Cr6+, Zn2+and Cd2+) from aqueous solution. The HAp and 3H7C composite with HAp:chitosan ratio of 3:7 (wt%) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The SEM results showed that HAp is spherical-shaped and crystalline, while chitosan has a flat structure. SEM micrograph of 3H7C composite reveals crystalline of HAp uniformly spread over the surface of chitosan. The crystal structure of HAp is maintained in 3H7C composite. Chitosan affects the adsorption capacity of HAp for heavy metal ions; it binds the metal ions as well as HAp. The kinetic data was best described by the pseudo-second order. Surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion take place in the mechanism of adsorption process. The binding of HAp powder with chitosan made the capability of composite to removal of Cr6+, Zn2+and Cd2+from aqueous solution effective. The order of removal efficiency (Cr6+> Cd2+> Zn2+) was observed.

scholarly journals Conversion of fisheries waste as magnetic hydroxyapatite bionanocomposite for the removal of heavy metals from groundwater

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1406-1419
Author(s):  
F. Elmi ◽  
R. Chenarian Nakhaei ◽  
H. Alinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Abstract This study is the first report of its type demonstrating the synthesis of mHAP on the basis of magnetic functionalization with nHAP, which were synthesized using Rutilus frisii kutum fish scale as a benign fishery waste by-product. The mHAP was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of a single-phase nHAP without any extra steady phases. It was also found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave a satisfactory fit to the experimental data (R2 = 0.99). The maximum removal percentages of Cu and Zn ions in optimal conditions (adsorbent dosage at 0.1 g, 30 min contact time at 25 ± 1 °C and pH = 5 ± 0.1) by mHAP were 97.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Results also demonstrated that mHAP could be recycled for up to five cycles in the case of copper and zinc. The Langmuir isotherm was proved to have a better correlation compared with that of the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that it was a spontaneously endothermic reaction. In conclusion, mHAP could be regarded as a powerful candidate for efficient biosorbent, capable of adsorbing heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of a Synthetic Mercury Jarosite

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizraim Flores ◽  
Iván Reyes ◽  
Elia Palacios ◽  
Francisco Patiño ◽  
Julio Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mercury Oxide

Jarosites are widely used in the hydrometallurgical industry of zinc to eliminate iron and other impurities contained in the concentrates. However, these compounds can also incorporate elements of significant environmental concern such as Tl+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr(VI), and As(V). In this work, the characterization of a synthetic mercury jarosite and its thermal decomposition kinetics are reported. XRD and FTIR analyses confirm that a mercury jarosite—Hg0.40(H3O)0.2]Fe2.71(SO4)2.17(OH)4.79(H2O)0.44—was successfully synthesized. Four mass loss events were observed by thermogravimetric analysis at 290 °C, 365 °C, 543 °C, and 665 °C. The third event corresponds to mercury decomposition into mercury oxide, whilst the forth is related to the jarosite to hematite transformation determined by X-ray diffraction starting at around 600 °C. According to the kinetic parameters (activation energy and frequency factor) of the thermal decomposition process, the fourth stage required the highest energy (Ea = 234.7 kJ∙mol−1), which corresponds to elimination of sulfur and oxygen from the jarosite lattice. Results show that jarosite-type compounds have the capability to incorporate heavy metals into their structure, retaining them even at high temperatures. Therefore, they can be used as a remediation strategy for heavy metals, such as mercury and others elements of environmental concern.

scholarly journals A Biosorption-Pyrolysis Process for Removal of Pb from Aqueous Solution and Subsequent Immobilization of Pb in the Char

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2381
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Jinhong Lü ◽  
Dongqing Feng ◽  
Sen Guo ◽  
Jianfa Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pretreated Biomass ◽  
Pb Immobilization

The application of biosorption in the removal of heavy metals from water faces a challenge of safe disposal of contaminated biomass. In this study, a potential solution for this problem was proposed by using a biosorption-pyrolysis process featured by pretreatment of biomass with phosphoric acid (PA). The PA pretreatment of biomass increased the removal efficiency of heavy metal Pb from water by sorption, and subsequent pyrolysis helped immobilize Pb in the residual char. The results indicate that most (>95%) of the Pb adsorbed by the PA-pretreated biomass was retained in the char, and that the lower pyrolysis temperature (350 °C) is more favorable for Pb immobilization. In this way, the bioavailable Pb in the char was hardly detected, while the Pb leachable in acidic solution decreased to <3% of total Pb in the char. However, higher pyrolysis temperature (450 °C) is unfavorable for Pb immobilization, as both the leachable and bioavailable Pb increased to >28%. The reason should be related to the formation of elemental Pb and unstable Pb compounds during pyrolysis at 450 °C, according to the X-ray diffraction study.

Coordination of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) Ions to Nylon 6/flax Linum Composite as a Route of Removal of Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NT Moja ◽  
SB Mishra ◽  
SS Hwang ◽  
TY Tsai ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Thermographic Analysis ◽  
Emission Microscopy

Abstract Nylon 6 (PA6) reinforced Flax Linum composites were synthesized by melt mix extrusion and molded through Mucell\ ® injection technique for adsorption application for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions. The structural morphologies of all samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmittance emission microscopy (TEM) and Scanning emission microscopy (SEM), indicating crystallized materials with pore-like cells and Thermographic analysis (TGA) illustrated the thermally stable., Microscopic PA6 revealed the effects of Flax content on both cell density and cell size of the foamed samples. The cell size of neat PA6 (48 μm) changed to 36, 17, and 15 μm after incorporation of Flax compositions for 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%. The removal of Cd(II)and Pb(II) with PA6/Flax 1.0 wt% composite was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The results indicated that PA6 1.0 wt% composite can be efficiently used as a superabsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Heavy metals removal by thiol modified oak charcoal: Adsorption efficiency and selectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Zeinab Ezzeddine ◽  
Batoul Solh ◽  
Hussein Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Adsorbent Surface ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

<p>Herein, the removal of heavy metals on thiol modified oak charcoal was investigated. The modified charcoal was characterized by X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Then, its adsorption efficiency for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ from water was tested. The effects of several conditions on metals adsorption were investigated such as contact time, pH, electrolytes and the initial metal ions concentration. The adsorption capacities were high (197, 250 and 214 mg g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ respectively). The selectivity was also dependent on the metal ions nature and the functional group used. The mechanism of adsorption is complex where several types of interaction between metal ions and the adsorbent surface are involved.</p>

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals Cr (VI) from Tannery Effluent using Micro-Organisms: Biotechnological Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Madhu Prakash Srivastava ◽  
Nupur Srivastava ◽  
Neeta Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
Micro Organisms

Increased industrialization and human activities have impacted on the environment through disposal waste containing heavy metals. Heavy metals pollution of agricultural soil has been mainly due to the disposal of industrial wastewater, sewage and sewage sludge to agricultural land. Conventional methods for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions are not economically and environmental friendly because it has produced massive quantity of toxic chemical compounds. Naturally fungi have a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids and other metabolites. Fungi can adapt in any ecosystems and any environmental conditions Interest in processes involving heavy metal uptake by microorganisms has increased considerably in recent years due to the biotechnological potential of micro-organisms in removing and/or recovery of metals.

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Calcium Titanate-Based Coated Silica Gel G and the Application in Adsorption of Heavy Metals

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Calcium Titanate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Nano-calcium titanate-based coated silica gel G (GCTO) was prepared by the citric acid sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Its lead, cadmium and nickel ions adsorption properties from water were studied. Adsorption and elution were investigated under different conditions. The results showed that the nanometer calcium titanate was immobilized on the silica gel G firmly, becoming a new composite adsorbent. The lead, cadmium and nickel ions were quantitatively retained at pH 5-9; their adsorption capacities of GCTO were 114 mg•g－1, 11.2 mg•g－1 and 20.1 mg•g－1, respectively. The adsorbent can be regenerated completely by elution with 1 mol•L－1 HNO3. The adsorbent has a promising prospect in removal or enriching and separation of heavy metals in water.

scholarly journals Characterization of Colombian Clay and Its Potential Use as Adsorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Fernando Macías-Quiroga ◽  
Gloria Inés Giraldo-Gómez ◽  
Nancy Rocío Sanabria-González
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

This paper presents a mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of a Colombian clay found in an area with the greatest exploitation potential of smectites and possible use as an adsorbent for the removal of chromium. The clay was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The homoionized clay was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III) in an aqueous solution. The homoionized clay was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), and the organoclay obtained was evaluated for the adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution. The XRD analysis showed that the clay from Armero-Guayabal is primarily constituted by smectite (48 wt%) followed by quartz mineral (21 wt%). The chemical analysis of bulk clay showed that the predominant oxides are SiO2 (55.81 wt%), Al2O3 (16.25 wt%), and Fe2O3 (7.51 wt%), and the nitrogen adsorption indicated that the bulk clay has a specific surface area of 45.1 m2/g. Homoionized clay and organoclay achieved Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removals greater than 85.05 ± 2.04% (pH between 3 and 4) and 82.93 ± 1.03% (pH between 3 and 5), respectively, proving the potential of these materials for the removal of heavy metals in an aqueous solution.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL REJECTION: REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BASED ON CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION AND RESEARCH FOR RECOVERABLE MATERIAL IN BYPRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Jemjami Saloua ◽  
Taoufik Mohamed ◽  
Moufti Ahmed ◽  
Moustaid Khadija
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large number of industrial wastewater containing heavy metal is produced. In this study we worked on industrial rejection. The method for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater based on chemical precipitation method is proposed in this paper, which utilizes lime (CaO), limestone (CaCO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Research on gypsum (CaSO4, 2H2O) in byproducts resulted from precipitation is carried out based on thermal analyses, infrared spectra and XRD examinations. The characterization of the effluent showed that’s very hard, rich in sulphate, chlorides, orthophosphate and in heavy metals. The results show that the examined chemical coagulants were all efficient in the removal of the studied metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Co and Zn). The overall results indicate that the optimum pH for hydroxide precipitation of the studied metals is varied between pH 6.0 and 10.0. Since all effluent guidelines require an effluent pH between 7 and 8, the use of carbonate treatment is, therefore, recommended because its buffering capacity value is around pH 7. The analyzes carried out on the byproducts of treatment (FTIR, XRD, TGA/TDA) show that they are mostly composed of gypsum: calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O).

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