scholarly journals Epicatechin Used in the Treatment of Intestinal Inflammatory Disease: An Analysis by Experimental Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César de Paula Vasconcelos ◽  
Leonardo Noboru Seito ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Di Stasi ◽  
Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima ◽  
Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
Keyword(s):  
Lesion Size ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Chronic Colitis ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Microscopic Lesion ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Chronic Model ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Intestinal Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Colitis Model

Background. This study was pathway of (−)-epicatechin (EC) in the prevention and treatment of intestine inflammation in acute and chronic rat models.Methods. Intestine inflammation was induced in rats using TNBS. The morphological, inflammatory, immunohistochemical, and immunoblotting characteristics of colon samples were examined. The effects of EC were evaluated in an acute model at doses of 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg by gavage for 5 days. The chronic colitis model was induced 1st day, and treated for 21 days. For the colitis relapse model, the induction was repeated on 14th.Results. EC10 and EC50 effectively reduced the lesion size, as assessed macroscopically; and confirmed by microscopy for EC10. The glutathione levels were higher in EC10 group but decreased COX-2 expression and increased cell proliferation (PC) were observed, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity and a proliferation-stimulating effect. In the chronic colitis model, EC10 showed lower macroscopic and microscopic lesion scores and increase in glutathione levels. As in the acute model, a decrease in COX-2 expression and an increase in PC in EC10, the chronic model this increase maybe by the pathway EGF expression.Conclusion. These results confirm the activity of EC as an antioxidant that reduces of the lesion and that has the potential to stimulate tissue healing, indicating useful for preventing and treating intestine inflammation.

scholarly journals The effective interplay of (non-) selective NSAIDs with Neostigmine in animal models of analgesia and inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mennatallah Gowayed ◽  
Amany Abdel-Bary ◽  
Rasha A El-Tahan
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Tail Clip

Abstract Background: Surgical procedures cause perioperative immunosuppression and neuroendocrine stress, exerted by activation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ACHEI); neostigmine, is known clinically for its analgesic effect in the perioperative phases proving high efficacy; besides possessing anti-inflammatory properties controlling immune cells and cytokine level. Hence, this study evaluated and compared the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of selective Cox-2 inhibitor; celecoxib, with neostigmine versus a combination of the non-selective Cox inhibitor; diclofenac, with neostigmine; in different experimental models of analgesia and inflammation in rats.Methods: Analgesic activity of neostigmine with/without diclofenac or celecoxib was assessed in female Sprague-Dawely rats using the tail clip model and acetic acid induced writhing. Serum level of β-endorphin was assessed after the tail clip test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acute and sub-chronic formalin induced paw edema. At the end of the sub-chronic formalin test, blood samples were collected for analysis of anti-inflammatory, liver and kidney function markers. Livers, kidneys and hind paws were also examined histopathologically.Results: Addition of neostigmine to selective or non-selective NSAIDs (celecoxib or diclofenac) causes an increased level of analgesia of NSAIDs with rapid onset of action and short duration, while causing potentiation of the anti-inflammatory effect of neostigmine as seen in the tail clip, writhing, formalin test, Cox-1 and Cox-2 activities, serum β-endorphin, TNF-α, NF-кB and HS-CRP. All combinations of this study disturb some kidney and liver functions, however with normal histopathological appearances, while hind paws reveal improved inflammatory infiltration in all treated groups. Conclusion: Selective and non-selective NSAIDs examined in this study could be good adjunct options to general anesthetic agents and neostigmine in perioperative stages, an outcome that needs further clinical investigations.

scholarly journals Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-1 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Review of Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pannunzio ◽  
Mauro Coluccia
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
General Context ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽  
Tumor Phenotype ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

Prostaglandins and thromboxane are lipid signaling molecules deriving from arachidonic acid by the action of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. The role of cyclooxygenases (particularly COX-2) and prostaglandins (particularly PGE2) in cancer-related inflammation has been extensively investigated. In contrast, COX-1 has received less attention, although its expression increases in several human cancers and a pathogenetic role emerges from experimental models. COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms seem to operate in a coordinate manner in cancer pathophysiology, especially in the tumorigenesis process. However, in some cases, exemplified by the serous ovarian carcinoma, COX-1 plays a pivotal role, suggesting that other histopathological and molecular subtypes of cancer disease could share this feature. Importantly, the analysis of functional implications of COX-1-signaling, as well as of pharmacological action of COX-1-selective inhibitors, should not be restricted to the COX pathway and to the effects of prostaglandins already known for their ability of affecting the tumor phenotype. A knowledge-based choice of the most appropriate tumor cell models, and a major effort in investigating the COX-1 issue in the more general context of arachidonic acid metabolic network by using the systems biology approaches, should be strongly encouraged.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Biophysical Energies on Healing of Diabetic Skin Wounds in Cell Studies and Animal Experimental Models: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Kwan ◽  
Song Lu ◽  
Harry Choi ◽  
Luther Kloth ◽  
Gladys Cheing
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

We have systematically assessed published cell studies and animal experimental reports on the efficacy of selected biophysical energies (BPEs) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. These BPEs include electrical stimulation (ES), pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), extracorporeal shockwave (ECSW), photo energies and ultrasound (US). Databases searched included CINAHL, MEDLINE and PubMed from 1966 to 2018. Studies reviewed include animal and cell studies on treatment with BPEs compared with sham, control or other BPEs. Information regarding the objective measures of tissue healing and data was extracted. Eighty-two studies were eventually selected for the critical appraisal: five on PEMF, four each on ES and ECSW, sixty-six for photo energies, and three about US. Based on the percentage of original wound size affected by the BPEs, both PEMF and low-level laser therapy (LLL) demonstrated a significant clinical benefit compared to the control or sham treatment, whereas the effect of US did not reveal a significance. Our results indicate potential benefits of selected BPEs in diabetic wound management. However, due to the heterogeneity of the current clinical trials, comprehensive studies using well-designed trials are warranted to confirm the results.

scholarly journals Study of Melatonin as Preventive Agent of Gastrointestinal Damage Induced by Sodium Diclofenac

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroha B. Sánchez ◽  
Beatriz Clares ◽  
María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas ◽  
María J. Fábrega ◽  
Ana C. Calpena
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Sodium Diclofenac ◽  
Cox 2

Safety profile of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been widely studied and both therapeutic and side effects at the gastric and cardiovascular level have been generally associated with the inhibitory effect of isoform 1 (COX-1) and 2 (COX-2) cyclooxygenase enzymes. Now there are evidences of the involvement of multiple cellular pathways in the NSAIDs-mediated-gastrointestinal (GI) damage related to enterocyte redox state. In a previous review we summarized the key role of melatonin (MLT), as an antioxidant, in the inhibition of inflammation pathways mediated by oxidative stress in several diseases, which makes us wonder if MLT could minimize GI NSAIDs side effects. So, the aim of this work is to study the effect of MLT as preventive agent of GI injury caused by NSAIDs. With this objective sodium diclofenac (SD) was administered alone and together with MLT in two experimental models, ex vivo studies in pig intestine, using Franz cells, and in vivo studies in mice where stomach and intestine were studied. The histological evaluation of pig intestine samples showed that SD induced the villi alteration, which was prevented by MLT. In vivo experiments showed that SD altered the mice stomach mucosa and induced tissue damage that was prevented by MLT. The evaluation by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) of two biochemical markers, COX-2 and iNOS, showed an increase of both molecules in less injured tissues, suggesting that MLT promotes tissue healing by improving redox state and by increasing iNOS/NO that under non-oxidative condition is responsible for the maintenance of GI-epithelium integrity, increasing blood flow and promoting angiogenesis and that in presence of MLT, COX-2 may be responsible for wound healing in enterocyte. Therefore, we found that MLT may be a preventive agent of GI damages induced by NSAIDs.

Dietary fatty acids modulate chronic colitis, colitis-associated colon neoplasia and COX-2 expression in IL-10 knockout mice

Nutrition ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refaat A.F. Hegazi ◽  
Reda S. Saad ◽  
Hussam Mady ◽  
Laura E. Matarese ◽  
Stephen O’Keefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Colitis ◽  
Colon Neoplasia ◽  
Cox 2

Simple chronic colitis model using hypopigmented mice with aHermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5gene mutation

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Itoh ◽  
Yasuo Nagaoka ◽  
Yoshio Katakura ◽  
Hidehisa Kawahara ◽  
Hiroshi Takemori
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Colitis ◽  
Colitis Model

scholarly journals Efficacy of radiation treatment in combination with COX-2 inhibitor in patients with NSCLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
N. V. Bilozor ◽  
V. P. Starenkiy ◽  
N. A. Mitryayeva ◽  
L. V. Grebinyk
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Positive Effect

Background. COX-2 inhibitors facilitate disruption of the production of angiogenic factors, the use of which in combination with RT leads to a significant delay in tumor growth in experimental models of cancer. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of RT in combination with COX-2 inhibitor in patients with NSCLC (non-small-cell lung carcinoma). Materials and methods. The study involved 38 patients with NSCLC divided into 2 subgroups: Subgroup 1 was represented by 20 patients who received a RT course and celecoxib 100 mg/d, Subgroup 2 enrolled 18 patients who received only RT. The subgroups were comparable by sex, age, tumor location, general condition. Squamous cell carcinoma was detected in 19 (95.0%) patients of Subgroup 1 and in 9 (50%) patients of Subgroup 2. Stages I – II were diagnosed 4.4 times more frequently in Subgroup 2, stage III was 1.9 times more frequently detected in Subgroup 1 (p < 0.05). VEGF, COX-2 content was assessed before/after the RT course by means of a sandwich immunoassay (ELISA). Results. A positive effect (partial regression, stabilization) was observed equally in the subgroups: 80.0% and 77.8%. In Subgroup 1, partial regression was 5 times more frequent, the overall annual and recurrence-free survival increased by 15 and 29%, respectively. In patients of Subgroup 1, COX-2 was 2.4-fold decreased, in patients of Subgroup 2, COX-2 almost did not change. COX-2 blocking was accompanied by decreased VEGF: 1.9-fold in Subgroup 1, 1.4-fold in Subgroup 2. Changes in COX-2 and VEGF levels were consistent with the objective response after RT with celecoxib: in case of a positive effect, COX-2 level was significantly decreasing (2.3-1.9-fold), VEGF level was significantly decreasing (2.3–1.7-fold); progressive tumor growth was combined with a minor decrease in COX-2 and VEGF (1.5–1.4-fold). Conclusions. Radiation therapy in combination with COX-2 inhibitor enhances the effectiveness of treatment by increasing partial regressions and relapse-free survival. An objective response correlates with COX-2 and VEGF levels, which makes it possible to use them to assess RT effectiveness and decide on further treatment strategy.

Small Cartilage Defect Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186
Author(s):  
Brittney A. Hacken ◽  
Matthew D. LaPrade ◽  
Michael J. Stuart ◽  
Daniel B. F. Saris ◽  
Christopher L. Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer ◽  
Surgical Options

AbstractCartilage defects in the knee are common resulting in significant pain and morbidity over time. These defects can arise in isolation or concurrently with other associated injuries to the knee. The treatment of small (< 2–3 cm2) cartilage deficiencies has changed as our basic science knowledge of tissue healing has improved. Advancements have led to the development of new and more effective treatment modalities. It is important to address any associated knee injuries and limb malalignment. Surgical options are considered when nonoperative treatment fails. The specific procedure depends on individual patient characteristics, lesion size, and location. Debridement/chondroplasty, microfracture, marrow stimulation plus techniques, fixation of unstable osteochondral fragments, osteochondral autograft transfer, and osteochondral allograft transplantation, all have roles in the treatment of small cartilage defects.

Unterschiedliche Wirkung von COX- und COX-2-Hemmern auf die Weichteilheilung

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Arne Vielitz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Soft Tissue Healing ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ghosh N, Kolade OO, Shontz E et al. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Their Effect on Musculoskeletal Soft-Tissue Healing: A Scoping Review. JBJS Rev 2019; 7: e4. doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.19.00055

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