scholarly journals In VitroSchistosomicidal Activity of Some Brazilian Cerrado Species and Their Isolated Compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayanne Larissa Cunha ◽  
Camila Jacintho de Mendonça Uchôa ◽  
Lucas Silva Cintra ◽  
Herbert Cristian de Souza ◽  
Juliana Andrade Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Roupala Montana

Miconia langsdorffiiCogn. (Melastomataceae),Roupala montanaAubl. (Proteaceae),Struthanthus syringifolius(Mart.) (Loranthaceae), andSchefflera vinosa(Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin (Araliaceae) are plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado whose schistosomicidal potential has not yet been described. The crude extracts, fractions, the triterpenes betulin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were evaluatedin vitroagainstSchistosoma mansoniadult worms and the bioactiven-hexane fractions of the mentioned species were also analyzed by GC-MS. Betulin was able to cause worm death percentage values of 25% after 120 h (at 100 μM), and 25% and 50% after 24 and 120 h (at 200 μM), respectively; besides the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside promoted 25% of death of the parasites at 100 μM. Farther the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside at 100 μM exhibited significantly reduction in motor activity, 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Biological results indicated that crude extracts ofR. montana,S. vinosa, andM. langsdorffiiand somen-hexane and EtOAc fractions of this species were able to induce worm death to some extent. The results suggest that lupane-type triterpenes and flavonoid monoglycosides should be considered for further antiparasites studies.

Schistosoma mansoni: New method for recording motor activity in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto S. de Moura ◽  
Renato Rozental
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
New Method

scholarly journals In vitro Antischistosomal Activity of Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir (Labiateae) Leaves Aqueous Extract and Derived Fractions against Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Mérimé Christian Kenfack ◽  
Hermine Boukeng Jatsa ◽  
Nestor Gipwe Feussom ◽  
Emilienne Tienga Nkondo ◽  
Ulrich Membe Femoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Antischistosomal Activity

Aims: Treatment against schistosomiasis relies on praziquantel. Its treatment failure and the possible development of resistant schistosomes strains have been reported in the literature. Clerodendrum umbellatum leaves are used in Africa for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of C. umbellatum leaves aqueous extract and derived fractions on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Methodology: Five male and five female Schistosoma mansoni adult worms were incubated in each well for 48 h in a GMEM culture medium with C. umbellatum aqueous extract (125 to 4000 µg/mL) or its n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions or the aqueous residue (62.5 to 2000 µg/mL). The main parameters assessed were the worm’s mortality and the reduction of motor activity. Phytochemical screening of all our tested substances was also performed. The cytotoxicity assay using mouse melanoma liver cells line was performed on the aqueous extract and on the most active fraction. Results: Our study shown that C. umbellatum leaves aqueous extract and its derived fractions promoted worm mortality. The aqueous extract disclosed a LC50 of 805.21 µg/mL while the LC50 of the methanol fraction was 343.10 µg/mL. With this lowest LC50, the methanol fraction from C. umbellatum aqueous extract was therefore the most active. Moreover, it showed low level of toxicity on hepatocytes. Incubation of worms with C. umbellatum aqueous extract and fractions also resulted in a significant reduction of the motor activity of survival worms with a 39.54 to 100% reduction after 48h. The phytochemical screening of C. umbellatum aqueous extract and fractions revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the in vitro activity of C. umbellatum aqueous extract and derived fractions on S. mansoni adult worms and could then justify its empirical use to combat schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals The Activity of Plant Crude Extracts against Schistosoma mansoni

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hirut Basha ◽  
Hassen Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Background. Schistosoma mansoni remains a significant health problem in low-income countries. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, and PZQ resistance is a potential threat towards control of the disease although PZQ is currently effective against all species of schistosomes. Moreover, PZQ is less efficacious against larval stages. In response to these challenges, multiple in vivo/in vitro studies evaluated the anti-S. mansoni activity of crude plant extracts in a bid for novel drug(s). However, these studies appear fragmented and patchy. This systematic review explored the extent of such studies in the past 11 years (2010-2020). Methods. A systematic web search analysis and review of the literature on crude plant extracts tested against S. mansoni was done. Data from 17 articles meeting eligibility criteria were extracted and analyzed. Forty-three plant species have been tested by the 17 studies. The leaves, barks, stems, flowers, rhizomes, and roots of the plants as well as the whole plant part were used for the experiments. Conclusion. Nearly all of the plants significantly reduced schistosome egg output, killed adult worms, and improved liver histology and function. Further studies are required to assess the therapeutic potential of more promising plant species.

In vitro inhibition of UGT1A3, UGT1A4 by ursolic acid and oleanolic acid and drug–drug interaction risk prediction

Xenobiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Xie ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Mingyi Liu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction

scholarly journals Development of shoots of Hedyotis corymbosa (L) Lam in vitro culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Le ◽  
Tham Thi Thu Hoang ◽  
Hoang Ngo Phan
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Medium Culture

Hedyotis corymbosa is one of weedy herb belonging to Rubiaceae family. It has been studied and used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of snakebite, antihepatotoxic and cancer. Notably, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, compounds presented high biological activity in H. Corymbosa, were reported having anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and inhibited the growth of cancer cells. In the present study, fragments of stems containing an axillary bud are cultured on MS½ medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L IAA is the best condition which gives the highest number of shoot formation. The shoots are come from the callus of cortex. In different culture conditions (increase the sucrose concentration in the medium culture, increase the light intensity, supplemented with 3 % PEG), shoots grow up strongly under 7,500 lx light intensity, especially in this culture condition the respiratory rate and the concentration of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid are the highest. The respiratory changes and the role of endogenous hormones in the shoot regeneration and the response of shoots in different culture conditions have been analyzed and discussed.

In vitro schistosomicidal effects of aqueous and dichloromethane fractions from leaves and stems of Piper species and the isolation of an active amide from P. amalago L. (Piperaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Carrara ◽  
S.C.H. Vieira ◽  
R.G. de Paula ◽  
V. Rodrigues ◽  
L.G. Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Chromatographic Fractionation ◽  
Potential Sources

AbstractDichloromethane and aqueous fractions from leaves and stems of Piper arboreum Aubl., P. aduncum L., P. amalago L., P. crassinervium H.B. & K., P. diospyrifolium Kunth, P. hispidum Sw. and P. xylosteoides (Kunth) Steud. were tested against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. The in vitro activity was evaluated in terms of mortality, number of separated worms and number of worms with reduced motor activity. Most dichloromethane fractions from all Piper species showed moderate schistosomicidal activity, but aqueous fractions were not active. The dichloromethane fraction of P. amalago leaves (at 100 μg/ml) showed the highest activity, resulting in worm mortality, the separation of worm pairs and reduced motor activity. Chromatographic fractionation of the dichloromethane fraction of P. amalago leaves led to the isolation of its major compound, which was also tested against adults of S. mansoni. The isolated piperamide N-[7-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(Z),4(Z)-heptadienoyl] pyrrolidine, at 100 μm, resulted in the mortality of all adult worms after 24 h of incubation. The findings suggest that species of Piper are potential sources of schistosomicidal compounds.

scholarly journals Tree-Dwelling Ants: Contrasting Two Brazilian Cerrado Plant Species without Extrafloral Nectaries

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Maravalhas ◽  
Jacques H. C. Delabie ◽  
Rafael G. Macedo ◽  
Helena C. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
The Common ◽  
Roupala Montana ◽  
Camponotus Crassus ◽  
High Diversity

Ants dominate vegetation stratum, exploiting resources like extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and insect honeydew. These interactions are frequent in Brazilian cerrado and are well known, but few studies compare ant fauna and explored resources between plant species. We surveyed two cerrado plants without EFNs,Roupala montana(found on preserved environments of our study area) andSolanum lycocarpum(disturbed ones). Ants were collected and identified, and resources on each plant noted. Ant frequency and richness were higher onR. montana(67%; 35 spp) thanS. lycocarpum(52%; 26), the occurrence of the common ant species varied between them, and similarity was low. Resources were explored mainly byCamponotus crassusand consisted of scale insects, aphids, and floral nectaries onR. montanaand two treehopper species onS. lycocarpum. Ants have a high diversity on cerrado plants, exploring liquid and prey-based resources that vary in time and space and affect their presence on plants.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Coagulation Activity of Amygdalus persica L. Flowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110043
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Yin ◽  
Baocheng Yang ◽  
Wenyi Kang
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Spectral Techniques

The ethyl acetate extract of Amygdalus persica L. flowers (family Rosaceae) was fractionated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and, after recrystallization, oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), quercetin (3), kaempferol (4), hesperetin (5), naringenin (6), and kaempferol-3- O-glucoside (7) were isolated. Their identities were elucidated by spectral techniques and from their physicochemical properties. Compounds 3-7 were identified from A. persica flowers for the first time. All the compounds were evaluated for their procoagulant activity by determining their activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) in vitro. The coagulation activity results showed that oleanolic acid and ursolic acid could significantly prolong APTT and TT; quercetin could significantly shorten PT and TT; kaempferol and hesperetin could significantly shorten APTT, PT, and TT; and naringenin could significantly shorten APTT, PT, and TT and decrease the content of FIB compared with the blank group. All of the above revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin possessed significant procoagulant activity, while ursolic acid had anticoagulant activity in vitro.

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