scholarly journals Tree-Dwelling Ants: Contrasting Two Brazilian Cerrado Plant Species without Extrafloral Nectaries

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Maravalhas ◽  
Jacques H. C. Delabie ◽  
Rafael G. Macedo ◽  
Helena C. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
The Common ◽  
Roupala Montana ◽  
Camponotus Crassus ◽  
High Diversity

Ants dominate vegetation stratum, exploiting resources like extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and insect honeydew. These interactions are frequent in Brazilian cerrado and are well known, but few studies compare ant fauna and explored resources between plant species. We surveyed two cerrado plants without EFNs,Roupala montana(found on preserved environments of our study area) andSolanum lycocarpum(disturbed ones). Ants were collected and identified, and resources on each plant noted. Ant frequency and richness were higher onR. montana(67%; 35 spp) thanS. lycocarpum(52%; 26), the occurrence of the common ant species varied between them, and similarity was low. Resources were explored mainly byCamponotus crassusand consisted of scale insects, aphids, and floral nectaries onR. montanaand two treehopper species onS. lycocarpum. Ants have a high diversity on cerrado plants, exploring liquid and prey-based resources that vary in time and space and affect their presence on plants.

scholarly journals In VitroSchistosomicidal Activity of Some Brazilian Cerrado Species and Their Isolated Compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayanne Larissa Cunha ◽  
Camila Jacintho de Mendonça Uchôa ◽  
Lucas Silva Cintra ◽  
Herbert Cristian de Souza ◽  
Juliana Andrade Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Roupala Montana

Miconia langsdorffiiCogn. (Melastomataceae),Roupala montanaAubl. (Proteaceae),Struthanthus syringifolius(Mart.) (Loranthaceae), andSchefflera vinosa(Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin (Araliaceae) are plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado whose schistosomicidal potential has not yet been described. The crude extracts, fractions, the triterpenes betulin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were evaluatedin vitroagainstSchistosoma mansoniadult worms and the bioactiven-hexane fractions of the mentioned species were also analyzed by GC-MS. Betulin was able to cause worm death percentage values of 25% after 120 h (at 100 μM), and 25% and 50% after 24 and 120 h (at 200 μM), respectively; besides the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside promoted 25% of death of the parasites at 100 μM. Farther the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-rhamnoside at 100 μM exhibited significantly reduction in motor activity, 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Biological results indicated that crude extracts ofR. montana,S. vinosa, andM. langsdorffiiand somen-hexane and EtOAc fractions of this species were able to induce worm death to some extent. The results suggest that lupane-type triterpenes and flavonoid monoglycosides should be considered for further antiparasites studies.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on Grassland Biodiversity and Productivity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Gianni Bellocchi ◽  
Catherine Picon-Cochard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Low Input ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity ◽  
High Diversity

Associated with livestock farming, grasslands with a high diversity of plant species are at the core of low-input fodder production worldwide [...]

scholarly journals Dormancy break in seeds of "quina" (Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-Hil.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Vasconcelos ◽  
M.A. Rodrigues ◽  
S.C. Vasconcelos Filho ◽  
J.F. Sales ◽  
F.G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Germination Speed

"Quina" (Strychnos pseudoquina A. St. Hil) is a medicinal plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado. As its seeds show dormancy, they were subjected to the treatments pre-cooling at 5ºC during 7 days, pre-heating at 40ºC during 7 days, pre-soaking in sulfuric acid PA during 5 and 15 min, pre-soaking in boiling water during 5 and 15 min, pre-soaking in 100 and 200 ppm gibberellic acid during 48 h, pre-soaking in distilled water during 24 and 48 h, and mechanical scarification to break dormancy. Counts were daily conducted from the 2nd day after the experiment implementation until the germination stabilization at the 65th day. The germination speed index (GSI) and the germination percentage were evaluated. Germination rates above 96% were reached in seeds pre-soaked in water during 48 h and substrate moistened with water or KNO3.

Photosynthetic and anatomical responses of three plant species at two altitudinal levels in the Neotropical savannah

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Coelho Kuster ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Barbosa de Castro ◽  
Fernando Henrique Aguiar Vale
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Roupala Montana ◽  
Plastic Responses

The phytophysiognomies of the Neotropical savannah occur at different altitudes, which can determine distinctions in the levels of light and shade that plants are exposed. The focus of the study is analysing the functional traits of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich., Roupala montana Aubl. and Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. growing in phytophysiognomies at two distinct altitudes. We evaluated leaf anatomy, the quantum yield of photosystem II, and the photosynthetic pigments in plants occurring at two areas of Campo sujo, which are separated by 700 m of altitude, during the rainy season. The three plant species occurring at higher altitudes had thicker adaxial epidermis. B. verbascifolia and S. lycocarpum occurring at higher altitudes had thicker palisade parenchyma, whereas only B. verbascifolia had thicker spongy parenchyma at the same site. The quantum yield of photosystem II, and photosynthetic pigments had little differences between plants occurring at higher and lower altitudes. The results analysed show high structural modifications and low physiological alterations from altitudinal conditions. Thus, the influence of the abiotic factors appears to modulate the plastic responses of plants across altitude.

scholarly journals INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN BAWAH BERKHASIAT OBAT DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO PROVINSI JAWA BARAT BERBASISKAN ANALISIS SPASIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanieta Arbiastutie ◽  
Djoko Marsono ◽  
Wahyuningsih MSH ◽  
Rishadi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Land Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Diversity

Diversity of biological resources in primary forest is not only limited to the woody plant species, but also covered by underground plant which has diverse species high diversity. This underground plant as one part of the forest ecosystem is a plant that has potential as a medicine. The study aims to conduct an inventory of underground plant species in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park West Java Province. The method for inventory used spasial analysis with land management unit and multi stage sampling. The spasial analysis used three categories, first the zonation map, second the soil characterization map and the third altitude map. The LMU consist of 6 areas with total plot number 60. The results showed there are 83 species underground plant consist of 45 family. The family consist of Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Araliaceae, Aspleniaceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Equisetaceae, Fabaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Hypoxidaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Marattiaceae, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myrsinaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae, Piperaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygalaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Sellagineaeeae, Smilaceae, Solanaceae, Symplocaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, Woodsiaceae, Zingiberaceae. The underground plant has a potential as medicinal plant.Keywords: Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, inventory, land management unit, medicinal plant, underground plant

scholarly journals Calcined Clay Improves Germination of Arid Plant Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Taun Beddes ◽  
Richard Anderson ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
The Common ◽  
Water Holding

Water conservation efforts in urban landscapes have increased the need for water-wise-plants. A potential source includes multiple native, drought-adapted species. A lack of researched propagation protocols makes commercial production of many species difficult. We examined germination of three native plant species (Purshia stansburiana, Cercocarpus ledifolius, and Forestiera pubescens) in three substrates. Both P. stansburiana and C. ledifolius are endemic to semiarid areas. Forestiera pubescens is found in riparian areas but is drought hardy once established. Stratified seed of each were sown in substrates varying in organic matter (OM) content and water-holding porosity (WHP) characteristics: (1) a commercial germination mix (83% OM); (2) a self-blended combination of a commercial potting soil mixed volumetrically 1:1 with vermiculite (37% OM); and (3) a calcined clay (0% OM). Germination was monitored for 60 days. Percent germination was highest in the calcined clay for each species evaluated (P. stansburiana: 63%, C. ledifolius: 51% and F. pubescens: 83%). These rates were at least 25% greater than the next best medium, the self-blended substrate. The commercial germination blend was the least favorable for germination. These results suggest that the common commercial practice of using germination substrates may not be suited to germinating many species native to arid areas.

scholarly journals Attraction of flower visitors to plants that express indirect defence can minimize ecological costs of ant–pollinator conflicts

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnattan Hernández-Cumplido ◽  
Betty Benrey ◽  
Martin Heil
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Extrafloral Nectar ◽  
Indirect Defence ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Thousands of plant species throughout tropical and temperate zones secrete extrafloral nectar (EFN) (see www.biosci.unl.edu/emeriti/keeler/extrafloral/worldlistfamilies.htm) to attract ants, whose presence leads to an indirect defence against herbivores (Chamberlain & Holland 2009, Heil 2008, Heil & McKey 2003, Rico-Gray & Oliveira 2007). Although termed ‘extrafloral’ because the nectar is not involved in pollination, EFN can also be secreted within the inflorescences (Bentley 1977, Holland et al. 2010, Martins 2009). Because ants tend to defend reliable food sources against all types of putative competitors, it has been hypothesized that the presence of extrafloral nectaries close to flowers may lead to competition among ants and pollinators, or even to direct ant–pollinator conflicts. Such antagonistic interactions would reduce the access of pollinators to flowers and, thereby, may cause significant ‘ecological costs’ of indirect, ant-mediated defences (Heil 2002).

Heavy-metal-contaminated industrial soil: Uptake assessment in native plant species from Brazilian Cerrado

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Therese Meyer ◽  
Samuel Rodrigues Castro ◽  
Marcus Manoel Fernandes ◽  
Aylton Carlos Soares ◽  
Guilherme Augusto de Souza Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Industrial Soil ◽  
Soil Uptake

Morphological and histological characterization of extrafloral nectaries induced by Coelocephalapion galls on Croton antisyphiliticus in the Brazilian Cerrado

Flora ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 151758
Author(s):  
GeraldoWilson Fernandes ◽  
Armando Aguirre-Jaimes ◽  
Ximena Contreras-Varela ◽  
Eliezer Cocoletzi ◽  
Wesley Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado
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