scholarly journals Evaluation and Optimization of an Innovative Low-Cost Photovoltaic Solar Concentrator

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Cotana ◽  
Federico Rossi ◽  
Andrea Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Geometrical Factors ◽  
The Cost

Many researches showed that the cost of the energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) concentrators is strongly reduced with respect to flat panels, especially in those countries that have a high solar irradiation. The cost drop comes from the reduction of the expensive high-efficiency photovoltaic surface through the use of optical concentrators of the solar radiation. In this paper, an experimental innovative PV low-concentration system is analysed. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the possible reasons of energy losses in the prototype, primarily due to geometrical factors. In particular, the effect of the shadows produced from the mirrors on the prototype performances was analysed: shadows are often neglected in the design phase of such systems. The study demonstrates that shadows may affect the performances of a hypothetical optimized PV low-concentration system up to 15%. Finally, an economical evaluation was carried out comparing the proposed optimized system to a traditional flat PV panel.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Hexagonal Waveguide Concentrator for Solar Thermal Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Karunesh Kant ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandam ◽  
Ranga Pitchumani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Solar Thermal Applications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation And Maintenance Cost

This paper analyzes a novel, cost-effective planar waveguide solar concentrator design that is inspired by cellular hexagonal structures in nature with the benefits of facile installation and low operation and maintenance cost. A coupled thermal and optical analysis of solar irradiation through an ideal hexagonal waveguide concentrator integrated with a linear receiver is presented, along with a cost analysis methodology, to establish the upper limit of performance. The techno-economic model, coupled with numerical optimization, is used to determine designs that maximized power density and minimized the cost of heat in the temperature range of 100–250 °C, which constitutes more than half of the industrial process heat demand. Depending on the incident solar irradiation and the application temperature, the cost of heat for the optimal design configuration ranged between 0.1–0.27 $/W and 0.075–0.18 $/W for waveguide made of ZK7 glass and polycarbonate, respectively. A techno-economic analysis showed the potential of the technology to achieve cost as low as 80 $/m2 and 61 $/m2 for waveguide made of ZK7 glass and polycarbonate material, respectively, which is less than half the cost of state-of-the-art parabolic trough concentrators. Overall, the hexagonal waveguide solar concentrator technology shows immense potential for decarbonizing the industrial process heat and thermal desalination sectors.

scholarly journals Research on the Performance of Solar Aided Power Generation System Based on Annular Fresnel Solar Concentrator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Kai Liang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Haiping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Index ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Small Disturbance ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Cost Utilization

A solar-aided power generation (SAPG) system effectively promotes the high efficiency and low cost utilization of solar energy. In this paper, the SAPG system is represented by conventional coal-fired units and an annular Fresnel solar concentrator (AFSC) system. The annular Fresnel solar concentrator system is adopted to generate solar steam to replace the extraction steam of the turbine. According to the steam–water matrix equation and improved Flugel formula, the variable conditions simulation and analysis of the thermo-economic index were proposed by Matlab. Furthermore, in order to obtain the range of small disturbance, the method of partial replacement is used, that is, the extraction steam of the turbine is replaced from 0 to 100% with a step size of 20%. In this work, a SAPG system is proposed and its thermo-economic index and small disturbance scope are analyzed. The results show that the SAPG system is energy-saving, and the application scope of small disturbance is related to the quantity of the extraction steam and evaluation index.

scholarly journals Experimental Measurement of Rice Husk Effectiveness as an Alternative Adsorbent for Turbidity Reduction in Synthetic Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Noora Saad Faraj Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Samara Saad Faraj Al-Dulaimi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
The Cost

Providing a clean and high quality drinking water to both rural as well as urban areas is a great challenge by itself, adding to it the large volume requirements of such water at high population areas means a very high cost for such industry because mainly of the cost of expensive commercially available adsorbent used in this process. This led inhabitants of the remote and/or rural areas to use less quality water with all its risks and health challenges. In this study, a locally collected rice husk is tested to be used as an alternative adsorbent to the expensive common commercial ones. Parameters like adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of turbidity, and pH level were tested to investigate their effects on the process. Treatment of synthetic turbid water was done after changing these parameters to measure the effect of each parameter alone and the results showed a set of parameters that can be used to achieve high efficiency of turbidity removal. The study concluded that rice husk can be used as a well cheap alternative adsorbent to reduce the river water turbidity due to its availability and low cost with a decent removal efficiency approaching 95%.

scholarly journals Low-cost high-efficiency system for solar-driven conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9735-9740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Ngoc Huan ◽  
Daniel Alves Dalla Corte ◽  
Sarah Lamaison ◽  
Dilan Karapinar ◽  
Lukas Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
System Coupling ◽  
Perovskite Photovoltaic

Conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons using solar energy is an attractive strategy for storing such a renewable source of energy into the form of chemical energy (a fuel). This can be achieved in a system coupling a photovoltaic (PV) cell to an electrochemical cell (EC) for CO2 reduction. To be beneficial and applicable, such a system should use low-cost and easily processable photovoltaic cells and display minimal energy losses associated with the catalysts at the anode and cathode and with the electrolyzer device. In this work, we have considered all of these parameters altogether to set up a reference PV–EC system for CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons. By using the same original and efficient Cu-based catalysts at both electrodes of the electrolyzer, and by minimizing all possible energy losses associated with the electrolyzer device, we have achieved CO2 reduction to ethylene and ethane with a 21% energy efficiency. Coupled with a state-of-the-art, low-cost perovskite photovoltaic minimodule, this system reaches a 2.3% solar-to-hydrocarbon efficiency, setting a benchmark for an inexpensive all–earth-abundant PV–EC system.

scholarly journals In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO2enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaau9711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Shen ◽  
Stefan T. Omelchenko ◽  
Daniel A. Jacobs ◽  
Sisir Yalamanchili ◽  
Yimao Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Recombination Junction ◽  
Processing Steps

Increasing the power conversion efficiency of silicon (Si) photovoltaics is a key enabler for continued reductions in the cost of solar electricity. Here, we describe a two-terminal perovskite/Si tandem design that increases the Si cell’s output in the simplest possible manner: by placing a perovskite cell directly on top of the Si bottom cell. The advantageous omission of a conventional interlayer eliminates both optical losses and processing steps and is enabled by the low contact resistivity attainable between n-type TiO2and Si, established here using atomic layer deposition. We fabricated proof-of-concept perovskite/Si tandems on both homojunction and passivating contact heterojunction Si cells to demonstrate the broad applicability of the interlayer-free concept. Stabilized efficiencies of 22.9 and 24.1% were obtained for the homojunction and passivating contact heterojunction tandems, respectively, which could be readily improved by reducing optical losses elsewhere in the device. This work highlights the potential of emerging perovskite photovoltaics to enable low-cost, high-efficiency tandem devices through straightforward integration with commercially relevant Si solar cells.

Development of a Low Cost Device for Measuring Solar Irradiance

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1377-1382
Author(s):  
Yu Jie Chen ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Yi Ze Sun ◽  
Zhuo Meng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photoelectric Cell ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Cost

For a determination of the system’s efficiency and decrease the cost, a low cost system for measuring solar irradiance is designed. By analyzing the influence of solar irradiance and temperature to solar cell, we have found that in case of different temperatures the variation of short-circuit current (Isc) in function of solar irradiation incident (E) is always linear. Then the read-out circuitry is designed to measure and convert the signal which is detected by the photoelectric cell and thermocouples. At last, the software is developed to compensate the temperature and make sure the device work normally. The results of detecting the system show that it’s effective and reliable.

scholarly journals Economics of an Additive Manufactured Heat Exchanger for Concentrating Solar Power

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Ziev ◽  
Erfan Rasouli ◽  
Ines Noelly-Tano ◽  
Ziheng Wu ◽  
Srujana Yarasi Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alternative Current ◽  
The Impact

Developing low cost, high efficiency heat exchangers (HX) for application in concentrated solar power (CSP) is critical to reducing CSP costs. However, the extreme operating conditions in CSP systems present a challenge for typical high efficiency HX manufacturing processes. We describe a process-based cost model (PBCM) to estimate the cost of fabricating an HX for this application using additive manufacturing (AM). The PBCM is designed to assess the effectiveness of different designs, processes choices, and manufacturing innovations to reduce HX cost. We describe HX design and AM process modifications that reduce HX cost from a baseline of$780/kW-thto$570/kW-th. We further evaluate the impact of alternative current and potential future technologies on HX cost, and identify a pathway to further reduce HX cost to$270/kW-th.

scholarly journals Evaluation of PPC / mBio Inc.’s Biochip Reader Integrated Circuit Reader System for Diagnosis of HIV / HCV Infection: Preliminary Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Luciana Knop ◽  
Roberto Badaro ◽  
Chris Myat
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Reader System

The technological advances of recent decades in immunodiagnostic techniques have enabled the development of methods capable of detecting the antigen-antibody complex with high efficiency and reliability. However, the cost of such procedures has remained high; they are not easy to handle for an unskilled professional, nor provide immediate results for multiple samples. Precision Photonics Corporation (PPC), with m/Bio Inc. and in partnership with the University of San Diego (UCSD), USA, created an integrated circuit reader (Biochip Reader), which is low cost, fast and easy to handle, based on an optical systems and multiplex arrangements for the detection of biological multi-markers at the same time. This study aimed to evaluate the operation of the integrated circuit reader system (Biochip Reader), the protocols and the results of the multiplex tests for antibodies against HIV and HCV in partnership with the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA). We tested a total of 65 samples in the Biochip reader, and they showed 100% of sensitivity and specificity when compared to the results obtained by ELISA for HIV and HCV. Nevertheless, the protocols and the results obtained in Bahia presented slide instability, such as the formation of crystals and trehalose residues, unnecessary steps and manipulation of the slides. This fact led to changing the protocol and improving the prototype. However, more tests with new biomarkers are needed to validate the method.

scholarly journals Technologies for Distributed Generation: key performance factors for industrial application

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Nalbandyan ◽  
S. S. Zholnerchik
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Cost

The reduction in the cost of technologies for distributed generation involves an increasing decentralization of power generation and large-scale development of distributed sources around the world. This trend is a key change in both the characteristics of electricity consumption: it is becoming increasingly flexible and mobile, and the patterns of consumer behavior in the electricity market. Electricity consumers are becoming at the same time its suppliers and require revision of traditional regulation standards of the electricity market. The purpose of the article is to assess the influence of distributed generation on the economy of both enterprises and the country as a whole. To identify the effects of the introduction of distributed generation technologies, the method of case study analysis is used. The empirical analysis was carried out on the basis of twelve Russian companies that use their own energy sources. The selected companies belong to the following industries: industrial production, housing and communal services, retail trade, construction, agriculture. Technological and economic effects are revealed. Technological ones include: improving consumer reliability, energy security, involving local energy resources, optimizing load management and redundancy, providing the flexibility of smart grids (in terms of generation), reducing the load on the environment, including CO2 emissions. Economic effects: optimization of the load schedule, reduction of losses in the process of transmission/distribution of energy, expansion of cogeneration, etc., providing the consumer with the electricity of a given quality, saving losses in networks, reducing the cost of energy. The identified effects of the introduction of distributed generation technologies make it possible to highlight the advantages of regeneration facilities: high efficiency and the possibility of cogeneration and trigeneration, individual maneuvering capacity loading, high reliability of equipment, low cost of transportation of electricity, fuel usage of the by-products and the main production waste. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated on a set of measures for the development of industrial distributed generation in Russia at the Federal level.

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