scholarly journals Physical Activity and Obesity: Biomechanical and Physiological Key Concepts

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nantel ◽  
Marie-Eve Mathieu ◽  
François Prince
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Structure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) are often associated with low levels of physical activity. Physical activity is recommended to reduce excess body weight, prevent body weight regain, and decrease the subsequent risks of developing metabolic and orthopedic conditions. However, the impact of OW and OB on motor function and daily living activities must be taken into account. OW and OB are associated with musculoskeletal structure changes, decreased mobility, modification of the gait pattern, and changes in the absolute and relative energy expenditures for a given activity. While changes in the gait pattern have been reported at the ankle, knee, and hip, modifications at the knee level might be the most challenging for articular integrity. This review of the literature combines concepts and aims to provide insights into the prescription of physical activity for this population. Topics covered include the repercussions of OW and OB on biomechanical and physiological responses associated with the musculoskeletal system and daily physical activity. Special attention is given to the effect of OW and OB in youth during postural (standing) and various locomotor (walking, running, and cycling) activities.

scholarly journals Hygienic Assessment of the Impact of Restrictions on the Use of Cellphones on Physical Activity and Health of Schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
II Novikova ◽  
DE Yurk ◽  
AV Sorokina ◽  
MA Lobkis ◽  
NA Zubtsovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
School Day ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Nowadays, studying the features of influence of mobile devices on stereotypes of children’s behavior and communication between children and adults acquires special significance. In modern conditions, a child loses the need for verbal communication and physical activity devoting almost all leisure time to virtual space. As a result, along with the development of specific features of cognitive functions in children their physical activity reduces significantly posing health risks and contributing to excess body weight, obesity, diseases of cardiovascular and nervous systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of restrictions imposed on the use of cellphones at schools. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Novosibirsk in January – March 2020. It involved 454 school children including 228 children who did not use cellphones during school breaks (observation group) and 226 children who actively used cellphones during breaks and lessons (control group). Results: The observation group was characterized by significantly higher energy expenditures related to physical activities with a dynamic component during breaks (p≤0.05) as confirmed by objective data collected by a Polar V800 pulsometer with Polar H10 heart rate sensors, a higher percentage of verbal communications (81.2% against 21.2%), a lower prevalence of posture disorders as detected by computer topography (32.8% against 65.8%) and signs of overexertion of the visual apparatus during the school day among the children having functional visual loss (34.6% against 69.2%). Conclusions: The results prove the effectiveness of restrictions imposed on the children’s use of cellphones at school.

scholarly journals Body Mass, Physical Activity and Eating Habits Changes during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5682
Author(s):  
Hubert Dobrowolski ◽  
Dariusz Włodarek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a number of changes in social life around the world. In response to the growing number of infections, some countries have introduced restrictions that may have resulted in the change of the lifestyle. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the lockdown on body weight, physical activity and some eating habits of the society. The survey involving 183 people was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. The mean age of the study participants was 33 ± 11 and mean height 169 ± 8 cm. An average increase in body weight was observed in 49.18% by 0.63 ± 3.7 kg which was the result of a decrease in physical activity and an increase in food consumption. We also observed a decrease in PAL from 1.64 ± 0.15 to 1.58 ± 0.13 and changes in the amount of food and individual groups of products consumption, including alcohol. Among the study participants who did not lose body mass, there was an average weight gain of 2.25 ± 2.5 kg. In conclusion, an increase of weight was shown in about half of the respondents in the study group which was associated with a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of total food and high energy density products.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on dietary habits and physical activity in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Abduljalil Bakhsh ◽  
Jomana Khawandanah ◽  
Rouba Khalil Naaman ◽  
Shoug Alashmali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose strict hygiene and national lockdown measures, which in turn has changed the dietary and lifestyle habits of the world’s population. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate whether dietary and physical activity behaviors of Saudi Arabia’s adult population changed during the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods An electronic questionnaire which assessed changes in body weight, dietary habits, and physical activity of Saudi Arabia’s adult population (n = 2255) during the COVID-19 quarantine was distributed on social media between June and July 2020. To test the differences between changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors in relation to changes in body weight a Chi-square test was used. Results Over 40 and 45% of participants reported eating and snacking more, respectively, which led to weight gain in around 28%. Most participants reported that they consumed home-cooked (73%) and healthy meals (47%), while only 7% reported that they consumed foods from restaurants. Feelings of boredom and emptiness (44%) and the availability of time for preparing meals (40%) were the main reasons for changing dietary habits. Honey (43%) and vitamin C (50%) were the most consumed immune-boosting food and dietary supplement, respectively. COVID-19 also had a negative impact on physical activity, lowering the practice in 52% subjects, which was associated with significant weight gain (p < 0.001). Conclusion Assessing the changes to the population’s dietary habits and physical activity during the lockdown will help predict the outcome of the population’s future health and wellbeing after the pandemic.

Abstract 15214: Commuting by Public Transportation is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Excess Body Weight, Hypertension, and Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisako Tsuji ◽  
Ichiro Shiojima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Commuting Mode ◽  
Car Driving

Background: Physical activity reduces body weight and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined associations of commuting mode with prevalence of excess body weight, hypertension and DM. Methods: We studied 16,397 subjects who had the annual health checkup offered to adult citizens of Moriguchi city, Osaka, Japan in 2012. The subjects were asked about their work (Is your work physically active, sedentary or "cannot say"?) and commuting mode (walking or cycling / bus or train / car driving). Odds ratios (OR) of prevalence of excess body weight (body mass index >25.0 kg/m 2 ), hypertension, and DM with 95% confidence intervals (CI) relative to the car driving group were calculated using logistic regression analyses adjusted for clinical variables. Results: There were 5,908 eligible workers. Characteristics of the subjects according to commuting mode are presented in the table. Compared to the car driving group, logistic regression analyses showed that the public transportation group had a significantly lower prevalence of excess body weight (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.45 to 0.69, p<0.0001) after adjustment for basic covariates (age, sex, smoking status, hypercholesterolemia, and physical activity of work) and hypertension, a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.59 to 0.90, p=0.0035) after adjustment for basic covariates and excess body weight, and a significantly lower prevalence of DM (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.99, p=0.0427) after adjustment for basic covariates, hypertension, excess body weight, and family history of DM. Conclusions: The use of public transportation was associated with lower prevalence of excess body weight, hypertension, and DM.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LOAD CARRIAGE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL BOYS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. SHASMIN ◽  
N. A. ABU OSMAN ◽  
R. RAZALI ◽  
J. USMAN ◽  
W. A. B. WAN ABAS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
The Impact

Backpack carrying is a considerable daily "occupational" load among schoolchildren. Most of the research on children's backpacks have focused on gait pattern and trunk forward lean; only a few researches have investigated the impact of backpack carrying on children using the measurements of static posture and gait kinetics. This study investigated the changes in ground reaction force (GRF) and trunk inclination among primary students when carrying heavy backpacks. A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted on seven boys aged between 9 and 11 years old with a similar body mass index. Observations were done when the boys were carrying school bags of 0% (as control), 10%, 15%, and 20% of their own body weight while walking normally. Data acquisition was carried out using force platforms and a 3D motion analysis system. A significant difference in GRF at a load of 20% of body weight was found: the vertical GRF increased almost three times when loads increased up to 20% of body weight compared to 10% of body weight. The anterior–posterior GRFs were asymmetrical when loads were increased. When carrying a load of 15% of body weight, all of the seven subjects adopted a compensatory trunk inclination. The emphasis on GRF and trunk inclination suggests that the safest load applied does not exceed 15% of body weight.

scholarly journals Management of Childhood Obesity—Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Mohamad Motevalli ◽  
Clemens Drenowatz ◽  
Derrick R. Tanous ◽  
Naim Akhtar Khan ◽  
Katharina Wirnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Personalized Intervention

As a major public health concern, childhood obesity is a multifaceted and multilevel metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and behavioral aspects. While genetic risk factors contribute to and interact with the onset and development of excess body weight, available evidence indicates that several modifiable obesogenic behaviors play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood obesity. Although a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of several interventions in community-based, school-based, and home-based programs regarding childhood obesity, the prevalence of children with excess body weight remains high. Additionally, researchers and pediatric clinicians are often encountering several challenges and the characteristics of an optimal weight management strategy remain controversial. Strategies involving a combination of physical activity, nutritional, and educational interventions are likely to yield better outcomes compared to single-component strategies but various prohibitory limitations have been reported in practice. This review seeks to (i) provide a brief overview of the current preventative and therapeutic approaches towards childhood obesity, (ii) discuss the complexity and limitations of research in the childhood obesity area, and (iii) suggest an Etiology-Based Personalized Intervention Strategy Targeting Childhood Obesity (EPISTCO). This purposeful approach includes prioritized nutritional, educational, behavioral, and physical activity intervention strategies directly based on the etiology of obesity and interpretation of individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Associations between the use of social networking sites and unhealthy eating behaviours and excess body weight in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Hayley A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUnhealthy eating behaviour and excess body weight have been related to sedentary behaviour, particularly screen time, in adolescents; however, little is known about their associations with the use of social networking sites (SNS). We investigated the associations between time spent using SNS and unhealthy eating behaviours (including breakfast skipping, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and energy drinks) and body weight in adolescents. Data on 9858 students (mean age: 15·2 (sd 1·9) years) in grades 7 through 12 were derived from the 2013 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey – a cross-sectional school-based survey of middle and high school students. The majority (81·5 %) of students reported daily use of SNS and an additional 10·7 % reported using them on an irregular basis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of SNS was associated with increased odds of skipping breakfast (Ptrend<0·01) and consuming SSB (Ptrend<0·01) and energy drinks (Ptrend<0·01) in a dose–response manner with adjustments for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status, tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use as well as BMI. However, there was no evidence of a significant association between use of SNS and BMI before or after adjusting for all the covariates and unhealthy eating behaviours. In conclusion, our results suggest associations between the use of SNS and unhealthy eating behaviours among youth. Given the popularity of SNS, more efforts are needed to better understand the impact of social networks on eating behaviours and risk of excess weight.

scholarly journals Stage to Change Eating behavior and physical activity among adolescents with an excess body mass: impact on metabolic profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-388
Author(s):  
Marciele Alves Bolognese ◽  
Danilo Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Josiane Aparecida Alves Bianchini ◽  
Rose Mari Benemmamm ◽  
Nelson Nardo Junior
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lower Body Weight

Introduction: Obesity in children and adolescents is usuallyrelated to metabolic alterations, and intervention programs are one of the strategies for the treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities. At the beginning of the intervention, the stages of readiness to change behavior indicate specific habits that the teenager plans to modify or not, and how long he or she intends to make the alterations. Objective: To assess the metabolic profile and their association with the stages of readiness to change eating habits and exercise behaviors in adolescents with overweight. Methods: Eighty-three adolescents with excess body weight underwent an assessment of anthropometric variables and metabolic profile (glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, non-HDL-c, VLDL, triglycerides, insulin). Besides, the stages of readiness to change behaviors for “size and amount of portions,” “amount of fat in the diet,” fruits and vegetable consumption,” and “physical activity practice,” anthropometric variables and metabolic profile were compared according to the stages of change. Results: About “fruits and vegetable consumption,” adolescents in the Maintenance group presented lower body weight than those from Action and Preparation groups. The Action group presented higher body weight than group “Contemplation” and it showed higher non-HDL-cholesterol than the groups “Pre-contemplation” and “Preparation.” In “physical activity practice,” the Maintenance group presented lower body weight, Body Mass Index, and body fat (in kg) than Action, Preparation, and Contemplation groups. The alterations in HDL-cholesterol reduced as the stages of change progressed in the “physical activity practice” domain. Conclusion: The stages of readiness to change behaviors impact anthropometric and metabolic variables in adolescents with excess body weight, and it is a recommended instrument to monitor intervention programs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Step Recommendations on Body Composition and Physical Activity Patterns in College Freshman Women: A Randomized Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
Ciera L. Bartholomew ◽  
Caleb Summerhays ◽  
Landon Deru ◽  
Sharla Compton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
First Year Of College ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. Transitioning from high school to college generally results in reduced physical activity and weight gain at a rate that is higher than the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three progressively higher step recommendations over 24 weeks on changes in body weight and body composition. Methods. Ninety-two freshmen college women wore a multifunction pedometer for 24 weeks after being randomly assigned to a daily step level: 10,000, 12,500, or 15,000. Pedometer data were downloaded every two weeks and participants were counseled on meeting their step recommendation. Body weight and body composition were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results. On average, women took 10,786 ± 1501, 12,650 ± 2001, and 13,762 ± 2098 steps per day for the 10,000-, 12,500-, and 15,000-step groups, respectively (F = 15.48, P<0.0001). Participants gained 1.4 ± 2.6, 1.8 ± 2.1, and 1.4 ± 2.1 kg for the 10,000-, 12,500-, and 15,000-step groups, respectively (F = 37.74, P<0.0001). Weight gain was not significantly different between groups (F = 0.18, P=0.8385). There was also no difference in fat weight gain (F = 0.41, P=0.7954). Discussion. A step recommendation beyond 10,000 does not prevent weight or fat gain over the first year of college. Future research should focus on either intensity of physical activity or the addition of dietary interventions to prevent weight gain during the first year of college.

Incorporation of Physical Activity Challenges Within a Sport Education–Based Physical Education Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairui Liu ◽  
Peter Hastie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
Physical Education Class ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Formal Requirement ◽  
Weekly Journal ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of including a formal requirement of achieving predetermined energy expenditures as part of students’ participation grades during a Sport Education–based college physical education class. Calorie consumption was measured using the Heart Zones Blink 3.0 sensor, and the percentage of students who reached the lesson target was calculated across a 15-week semester. The instructor kept a weekly journal and students participated in interviews at mid and end of term. Results showed that the average calorie consumption across the semester well exceeded the daily targets, while the percentage of students who reached the daily challenge cutoff ranged from 77% to 100% (average = 87%). Analysis of the journal entries and interviews resulted in the generation of four themes: students’ commitment to reaching the activity targets, group-based strategies for achieving physical activity targets, activity consequences of officiating roles, and activity challenges problematized skill development for some. Subscribe to TPE

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