scholarly journals Speeding Up FPGA Placement via Partitioning and Multithreading

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristinel Ababei
Keyword(s):  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Fpga Design ◽  
Circuit Delay ◽  
Hybrid Parallelization ◽  
Multiple Cores ◽  
Fpga Placement ◽  
Placement And Routing ◽  
Placement Algorithm

One of the current main challenges of the FPGA design flow is the long processing time of the placement and routing algorithms. In this paper, we propose a hybrid parallelization technique of the simulated annealing-based placement algorithm of VPR developed in the work of Betz and Rose (1997). The proposed technique uses balanced region-based partitioning and multithreading. In the first step of this approach placement subproblems are created by partitioning and then processed concurrently by multiple worker threads that are run on multiple cores of the same processor. Our main goal is to investigate the speedup that can be achieved with this simple approach compared to previous approaches that were based on distributed computing. The new hybrid parallel placement algorithm achieves an average speedup of2.5×using four worker threads, while the total wire length and circuit delay after routing are minimally degraded.

Three-Dimensional Physical Design Flow for Monolithic 3D-FPGAs to Improve Timing Closure and Chip Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Belghadr ◽  
Ali Jahanian
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Timing Closure ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Fpga Placement ◽  
Placement Algorithm

By scaling the semiconductor industry to nano-scale era, design and prototyping cost of cell-based Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) becomes more expensive and it makes Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) more popular among designers. However, there is a gap between FPGAs and ASICs in terms of timing, dynamic power consumption and logic density. Three-dimensional integration, particularly in the full monolithic process, has been considered as a promising solution to reduce the performance gap of ASICs and FPGAs. In this paper, two new architectures for the monolithically integrated 3D-FPGAs are introduced. In order to exploit the great potentials of the suggested architectures, a new three-dimensional FPGA placement algorithm is proposed thereafter. The proposed placement algorithm, named JABE, is the first of its kind that enables designers to take advantages of the large number of vertical interconnections in the monolithically stacked 3D-FPGAs. Our experiments show a 24% timing improvement for the new architectures and CAD algorithms compared with the conventional TSV-based 3D-FPGAs and design flows. In addition, improvements in terms of the total wirelength and area footprint are reported for the proposed placement algorithms and new architectures.

Pathfinder Algorithm Modification for CPLD and FPGA Routing Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-409
Author(s):  
M.A. Zapletina ◽  
◽  
S.V. Gavrilov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Digital Circuits ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Placement And Routing ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Impact

One of the main advantages of FPGA and CPLD is the high development speed; therefore, the importance of effective computer-aided design tools for modern microcircuits of these classes cannot be overestimated. Placement and routing are the most time-consuming stages of FPGA/CPLD design flow. The quality of results of these stages is crucial to the final perfor-mance of custom digital circuits implemented on FPGA/CPLD. The paper discusses an approach to accelerating the routing stage within the layout synthesis flow for FPGA/CPLD by introducing a few algorithmic improvements to a routing procedure. The basic routing algorithm under study is a modified Pathfinder for a mixed routing resource graph. Pathfinder is a well-known negotiation-based routing algorithm that works on the principle of iteratively eliminating congestions of chip routing resources. For experiments, the sets of test digital circuits ISCAS'85, ISCAS'89, LGSynth'89 and several custom industrial projects were used. The impact of the proposed algorithmic improvements was analyzed using four FPGA/CPLD architectures. It has been established that due to the improvements of the algorithm proposed in the paper, the average reduction in routing time was from 1.3 to 2.6 times, depending on the FPGA/CPLD architecture, with no significant negative effect on the timing characteristics of the designed circuits.

scholarly journals A Sea-of-Gates Style FPGA Placement Algorithm

VLSI Design ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-307
Author(s):  
Kalapi Roy ◽  
Bingzhong (David) Guan ◽  
Carl Sechen
Keyword(s):  
Chip Area ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Fpga Placement ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Placement Algorithm ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Fixed Cell ◽  
Flexible Architectures ◽  
Design Style ◽  
Global Placement

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have a pre-defined chip boundary with fixed cell locations and routing resources. Placement objectives for flexible architectures (e.g., the standard cell design style) such as minimization of chip area do not reflect the primary placement goals for FPGAs. For FPGAs, the layout tools must seek 100% routability within the architectural constraints. Routability and congestion estimates must be made directly based on the demand and availability of routing resources for detailed routing of the particular FPGA. We. present a hierarchical placement approach consisting of two phases: a global placement phase followed by a detailed placement phase. The global placement phase minimizes congestion estimates of the global routing regions and satisfies all constraints at a coarser level. The detailed placer seeks to maximize the routability of the FPGA by considering factors which cause congestion at the detailed routing level and to precisely satisfy all of the constraints. Despite having limited knowledge about the gate level architectural details, we have achieved a 90%reduction in the number of unrouted nets in comparison to an industrial tool (the only other tool) developed specifically for this architecture.

A Runtime FPGA Placement and Routing Using Low-Complexity Graph Traversal

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ferreira ◽  
Luciana Rocha ◽  
André G. Santos ◽  
José A. M. Nacif ◽  
Stephan Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Graph Traversal ◽  
Fpga Placement ◽  
Placement And Routing

UNIFICATION OF PR REGION FLOORPLANNING AND FINE-GRAINED PLACEMENT FOR DYNAMIC PARTIALLY RECONFIGURABLE FPGAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUINING HE ◽  
GUOQIANG LIANG ◽  
YUCHUN MA ◽  
YU WANG ◽  
JINIAN BIAN
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Current Design

Dynamic Partially Reconfiguration (DPR) designs provide additional benefits compared to traditional FPGA application. However, due to the lack of support from automatic design tools in current design flow, designers have to manually define the dimensions and positions of Partially Reconfigurable Regions (PR Regions). The following fine-grained placement for system modules is also limited because it takes the floorplanning result as a rigid region constraint. Therefore, the manual floorplanning is laborious and may lead to inferior fine-grained placement results. In this paper, we propose to integrate PR Region floorplanning with fine-grained placement to achieve the global optimization of the whole DPR system. Effective strategies for tuning PR Region floorplanning and apposite analytical evaluation models are customized for DPR designs to handle the co-optimization for both PR Regions and static region. Not only practical reconfiguration cost and specific reconfiguration constraints for DPR system are considered, but also the congestion estimation can be relaxed by our approach. Especially, we established a two-stage stochastic optimization framework which handles different objectives in different optimization stages so that automated floorplanning and global optimization can be achieved in reasonable time. Experimental results demonstrate that due to the flexibility benefit from the unification of PR Region floorplanning and fine-grained placement, our approach can improve 20.9% on critical path delay, 24% on reconfiguration delay, 12% on congestion, and 8.7% on wire length compared to current DPR design method.

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