scholarly journals DNA-Metallodrugs Interactions Signaled by Electrochemical Biosensors: An Overview

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Ravera ◽  
Graziana Bagni ◽  
Marco Mascini ◽  
Domenico Osella
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Dna Biosensors ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Guanine Oxidation ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Semiquantitative Evaluation ◽  
Biological Environment

The interaction of drugs with DNA is an important aspect in pharmacology. In recent years, many important technological advances have been made to develop new techniques to monitor biorecognition and biointeraction on solid devices. The interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases. The propensity of a given compound to interact with DNA is measured as a function of the decrease of guanine oxidation signal on a DNA electrochemical biosensor. Covalent binding at N7 of guanine, electrostatic interactions, and intercalation are the events that this kind of biosensor can detect. In this context, the interaction between a panel of antitumoral Pt-, Ru-, and Ti-based metallodrugs with DNA immobilized on screen-printed electrodes has been studied. The DNA biosensors are used for semiquantitative evaluation of the analogous interaction occurring in the biological environment.

Determination of target volumes in radiotherapy and the implications of technological advances: a literature review

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Bongile Mzenda ◽  
M.E. Hosseini-Ashrafi ◽  
A. Palmer ◽  
D.F. Hodgson ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Adaptive Radiotherapy ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Target Volumes ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Modelling Techniques

AbstractThis study assesses the influence of new techniques and technologies in radiotherapy on the derivation and applicability of the margins currently used for treatment planning. The validity of the continued use of the recommendations of International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and other recommendations as a result of the additional information derived from these emerging techniques is also reviewed. The ICRU formulations still remain fundamental in the derivation of target volumes in radiotherapy; however, revisions to these have been recommended through various experimental and modelling techniques leading to the publication of various margin recipes. These recipes are used for margin definitions in new radiotherapy techniques including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The use of image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) techniques leads to the reduction in organ motion uncertainties and setup errors, allowing for the adjustment of margins and treatment plans as well as dose escalation. Clinical trials are still needed to validate most of the new techniques in radiotherapy, particularly in IGRT techniques leading to adaptive radiotherapy. It is recommended that well devised clinical trials should be conducted to investigate fully the efficacy of these new techniques, particularly in radiotherapy image guidance and adaptive radiotherapy. Such trials would validate any recommendations regarding the current clinical margins and impact on their continued clinical use.

scholarly journals Equine colic: a review of the equine hindgut and colic

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Technological Advances

Colic is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, premature deaths, and is the number one health concern in horses. To increase the quality of life for horses, it is vital to understand the causes, signs, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of colic. Horses are hindgut fermenters and their cecal microbiome can easily be altered due to environmental and physiological changes. Colic can be induced from starch overloading, which can have detrimental effects on the cecum microbiome, such as decreasing hindgut pH and altering the production of volatile fatty acids. In addition, if the immune system becomes compromised, causing changes in the hindgut microbiome, this will trigger a proliferation of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, which can cause numerous gastrointestinal diseases, resulting in colic. However, identifying a variety of microorganisms in the cecum is extremely difficult and understudied because difficulties in sampling and not all bacteria strains can be cultured. Therefore, next generation sequencing has helped in identifying microbes found in the gastrointestinal tract. Using the application of metagenomics, allows scientists to be able to sequence thousands of microorganisms simultaneously. In addition, exploring new techniques to help identify and achieve a clearer picture of the microbiome population and how it may change during bouts of colic could revolutionize the way veterinarians diagnose colic and tailoring a treatment specific to the microoganisms that are proliferating. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of colic and next technological advances could increase the quality of life for horses and minimize the mortality rates.

scholarly journals A critical analysis of the management of craniofacial microsomia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
David John David AC
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Craniofacial Microsomia ◽  
New Procedures

Distraction Osteogenesis was introduced into the management of Craniofacial Microsomia some decades ago. It assumed almost instant popularity without evidence of advantage. Poor long-term results and high rates of relapse prove this technique is unsuitable for all but the most carefully selected patients. While innovation and technological advances are to be celebrated, it is vital that new procedures are rigorously tested against current protocols. It is also imperative, that thorough knowledge of disease pathology and pathogenesis are applied against new procedures. It is the view of the author that many painful, useless operations would be avoided if surgeons better understood these key fundamentals. Furthermore, there must be clear guidelines for the introduction of new techniques and devices, and this must happen independently of manufacturers.

Privacy Risk in E-Commerce

2009 ◽  
pp. 1188-1193
Author(s):  
Tziporah Stern
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The Right

Privacy, or the right to hold information about oneself in secret (Masuda, 1979; O’Brien & Yasnof, 1999), has become increasingly important in the information society. With the rapid technological advances and the digitalization of information, retrieval of specific records is more rapid; personal information can be integrated into a number of different data files; and copying, transporting, collecting, storing, and processing large amounts of information is easier. Additionally, the advent of the World Wide Web and the fast-paced growth of the Internet have created further cause for concern. The vast amounts of digital information and the pervasiveness of the Internet facilitate new techniques for gathering information—for example, spyware, phishing, and cookies. Hence, personal information is much more vulnerable to being inappropriately used. This article outlines the importance of privacy in an e-commerce environment, the specific privacy concerns individuals may have, antecedents to these concerns, and potential remedies to quell them.

scholarly journals Nanozyme-based electrochemical biosensors for disease biomarker detection

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 4398-4420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabbee G. Mahmudunnabi ◽  
Fatema Zerin Farhana ◽  
Navid Kashaninejad ◽  
Shakhawat H. Firoz ◽  
Yoon-Bo Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Disease Biomarker

In this review, we have summarised the synthesis and classification of common nanozymes and their applications in electrochemical biosensor development.

Online electrochemical systems for continuous neurochemical measurements with low-potential mediator-based electrochemical biosensors as selective detectors

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (15) ◽  
pp. 5039-5047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zipin Zhang ◽  
Jie Hao ◽  
Tongfang Xiao ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Lanqun Mao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Selective Detectors ◽  
Electron Mediators

This study demonstrates a new strategy to develop online electrochemical systems (OECSs) for continuously monitoring neurochemicals by efficiently integrating in vivo microdialysis with an oxidase-based electrochemical biosensor with low-potential electron mediators to shuttle the electron transfer of the oxidases.

scholarly journals Optimization of probe immobilization by covalent links on gold nanowire based- electrochemical biosensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Tien Huu Cao ◽  
Linh Van Ha ◽  
Hieu Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dna Biosensors ◽  
Gold Nanowire ◽  
Molecular Density ◽  
Probe Concentration

The optimization of DNA probe immobilisation on gold electrode surface is very important to develop DNA biosensors. In this study, we conducted an experiment to determine the optimal concentration of probe attached on the electrodes and probe immobilization agent (mercaptohexanol) for maximum hybridization efficacy. We have used a method to control the surface density of DNA probe by annealing probe modified by thiol and mercaptohexanol. With linear relationship between molar ratio and surface density of probe, by controlling probe concentration in sensor fabricating process, we can determine the molecular density of DNA probes on electrode surface. The results show that probe concentration 500 nM and 1.5 mM mercaptohaxenol are optimal for hybidization with DNA target.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Nanomaterials Modified Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of MicroRNA

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Sze Shin Low ◽  
Daizong Ji ◽  
Wai Siong Chai ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Kuan Shiong Khoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Different Types

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important non-coding, single-stranded RNAs possessing crucial regulating roles in human body. Therefore, miRNAs have received extensive attention from various disciplines as the aberrant expression of miRNAs are tightly related to different types of diseases. Furthermore, the exceptional stability of miRNAs has presented them as biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity. However, small size, high sequence similarity, low abundance of miRNAs impose difficulty in their detection. Hence, it is of utmost importance to develop accurate and sensitive method for miRNA biosensing. Electrochemical biosensors have been demonstrated as promising solution for miRNA detection as they are highly sensitive, facile, and low-cost with ease of miniaturization. The incorporation of nanomaterials to electrochemical biosensor offers excellent prospects for converting biological recognition events to electronic signal for the development of biosensing platform with desired sensing properties due to their unique properties. This review introduces the signal amplification strategies employed in miRNA electrochemical biosensor and presents the feasibility of different strategies. The recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of miRNA were also discussed and summarized based on different types of miRNAs, opening new approaches in biological analysis and early disease diagnosis. Lastly, the challenges and future prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia into the twenty-first century

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. T. Nguyen ◽  
Martyna Molak ◽  
Karen H. Black ◽  
Erich M. G. Fitzgerald ◽  
Kenny J. Travouillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
First Century ◽  
Vertebrate Evolution ◽  
Dental Microwear ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Vertebrate Palaeontology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The University

The 13th Conference on Australasian Vertebrate Evolution Palaeontology and Systematics (CAVEPS) took place in Perth, Western Australia, from 27 to 30 April 2011. This biennial meeting was jointly hosted by Curtin University, the Western Australian Museum, Murdoch University and the University of Western Australia. Researchers from diverse disciplines addressed many aspects of vertebrate evolution, including functional morphology, phylogeny, ecology and extinctions. New additions to the fossil record were reported, especially from hitherto under-represented ages and clades. Yet, application of new techniques in palaeobiological analyses dominated, such as dental microwear and geochronology, and technological advances, including computed tomography and ancient biomolecules. This signals a shift towards increased emphasis in interpreting broader evolutionary patterns and processes. Nonetheless, further field exploration for new fossils and systematic descriptions will continue to shape our understanding of vertebrate evolution in this little-studied, but most unusual, part of the globe.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of [Au(en)2]3+ and [Pt(en)2]2+ non Covalent Binding to Calf Thymus DNA

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordana Marcon ◽  
Tim O'Connell ◽  
Pierluigi Orioli ◽  
Luigi Messori
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Minor Groove ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Minor Groove Binder ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Dna Conformations ◽  
A Minor

Reactions of the complexes bisethylendiammine gold(III) and bisethylendiammine platinum(II) with calfthymus DNA were comparatively analysed. Both complexes bind DNA non-covalently most probably on the basis of electrostatic interactions. Binding of either complex at low ratios results into modest modifications of B-type DNA conformations, as detected by CD. Far larger CD alterations are observed at high ratios. The gold(III) chromophore is scarcely perturbed by DNA addition Binding of [Au(en)2]Cl3 to calf thymus DNA is reversed by sodium cyanide. By analogy with the case of [Pt(en)2]Cl2 it is suggested that Auen acts as a minor groove binder.

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