scholarly journals National Survey of Radionuclide Gastric Emptying Studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A House ◽  
MC Champion ◽  
M Chamerlain
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Standard Meal ◽  
Know How ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Type Mode

A survey was mailed to all institutions in Canada licensed to use radiopharmaceuticals. Questions addressed meal type; mode of preparation; and means, ranges and SD of emptying times. Seventy-eight per cent of 222 facilities responded, including all 55 teaching centres. Eighty-five per cent of teaching and 56% of nonteaching centres perform solid phase gastric emptying studies (GES). The majority use99mTc sulphur colloid (Tc-SC) added to eggs before cooking as the standard meal. Twenty-five per cent of teaching and 21% of nonteaching centres perform liquid phase GES. Most use a watery solution of111In-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Gastric emptying for solid phase GES, expressed as time for 50% emptying (mean t½), varied from 42 to 105 mins for centres using the Tc-SC egg meal. Twenty-eight per cent of teaching centres used ±2 SD to define their normal range, 26% used ±1 SD, 6% used ±1.5 SD, and 40% did not know the number of SD used. Twenty per cent of non-teaching centres used ±2 SD, 12% used ±1 SD and 68% did not know how many SD were used. For liquid phase GES, mean t½varied from 20 to 60 mins. Eighteen per cent of centres used healthy volunteers to establish or validate normal ranges. There is substantial variability among the normal ranges for radionuclide solid and liquid phase GES in both teaching and nonteaching centres across Canada. A minority of facilities have established or validated their own normal ranges in healthy volunteers. There is a need for a more standardized protocol and range of normal, with internal validation by each institution.

Abnormal Gastric Emptying in Primary Anorexia Nervosa

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Holt ◽  
Michael J. Ford ◽  
Sandra Grant ◽  
Robert C. Heading
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Scanning Technique ◽  
Simultaneous Study

SummaryThe gastric emptying rate was measured in 10 female patients with primary anorexia nervosa and 12 healthy volunteers, using a scinti-scanning technique for the simultaneous study of the liquid and solid components of a test meal. The emptying rate of both the liquid and the solid phase components of the meal was significantly slower in patients with anorexia nervosa. The aetiological and therapeutic implications of this finding are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of varying content of soluble dietary fibre from wheat flour and oat milling fractions on gastric emptying in pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle N Johansen ◽  
K. E.Bach Knudsen ◽  
Brittmarie Sandström ◽  
F. Skjøth
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

AbstractFour pigs fitted with a gastric cannula were fed on a wheat-flour-based diet (WF) and three oat-based diets, consisting mainly of oat flour (OF), rolled oats (RO) or oat bran (OB), for 1 week each. The stomach contents were collected quantitatively daily at 0·5, 1, 2, 3 or 5 h after feeding. The viscosity (mPa. s) of the liquid fraction of stomach contents 1 h after feeding was 1·7 with diet WF, 15 with diet OF, 30 with diet RO and approximately 400 with diet OB. The viscosity and the concentration of β-glucan in the liquid phase was to some extent determined by the dietary level of β-glucan in the diet. However, there was a trend towards a lower viscosity after longer exposure to the gastric juices. The correlation between logarithmic values for viscosity and concentration of β-glucan in the liquid phase of digesta was r 0·45. On centrifugation of digesta there was a higher proportion present in the sediment phase when the pigs were fed on diets with a higher content of soluble dietary fibre (DF), suggesting that the digesta was more coherent. This possibility was supported by the higher water-holding capacity (WHC) of the sediment. Feeding diets with oats containing a higher soluble DF content led to lower recoveries of digesta, PEG 4000 (liquid-phase marker), and the DF components β-glucan and arabinoxylan in the first hour after feeding. No effect related to the DF content of the diet was seen in the gastric emptying of starch and Cr2O3(solid-phase marker). In conclusion, soluble DF from oatsincreased the viscosity of stomach contents and increased the ability of the dry matter to retain water. Higher levels of soluble DF led to higher recoveries of digesta, the liquid phase and DF itself in the initial stage of gastric emptying, whereas no effect was seen on the gastric emptying of starch.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

scholarly journals Gastric Emptying of a Carbohydrate-electrolyte Solution in Healthy Volunteers Depends on Osmotically Active Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chol Kim ◽  
Tadashi Okabe ◽  
Minoru Sakurai ◽  
Koji Kanaya ◽  
Keiichi Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Active Particles

scholarly journals Prion-Like Proteins in Phase Separation and Their Link to Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Macy L. Sprunger ◽  
Meredith E. Jackrel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Important Physiological Process ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Aberrant protein folding underpins many neurodegenerative diseases as well as certain myopathies and cancers. Protein misfolding can be driven by the presence of distinctive prion and prion-like regions within certain proteins. These prion and prion-like regions have also been found to drive liquid-liquid phase separation. Liquid-liquid phase separation is thought to be an important physiological process, but one that is prone to malfunction. Thus, aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transitions may drive protein aggregation and fibrillization, which could give rise to pathological inclusions. Here, we review prions and prion-like proteins, their roles in phase separation and disease, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to counter aberrant phase transitions.

Effect of maturity of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay on intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics when given to zebu bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A.J. Ayala-Burgos ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell ◽  
R.M. Godoy ◽  
Hamana S. Saidén ◽  
R. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Cattle in the tropics mostly depend on pastures. During dry periods the forage available is usually mature, constraining both intake and digestion. These constraints need to be understood, for intake and digestibility define productivity. Intake depends on the rumen space made available by fermentation and outflow. Markers such as PEG (liquid phase), and chromium mordanted fibre (solid phase) can be used to measure rumen volume and outflow, but have limitations. The objective of this experiment was to measure intake, digestibility, and rumen kinetics of cattle fed ad libitum forages with very different degradation characteristics, and also to compare rumen volumes measured with markers with those obtained by manual emptying.

Effect of microbial isolates on microbial yield estimation in RUSITEC system

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Culture System ◽  
The One

The estimation of rumen microbial protein synthesis is one of the main points in the nitrogen (N)-rationing systems for ruminants, as microbial protein provides proportionately 0.4 to 0.9 of amino acids entering the small intestine in ruminants receiving conventional diets (Russell et al., 1992). Methods of estimating microbial protein synthesis rely on marker techniques in which a particular microbial constituent is related to the microbial N content. Marker : N values have generally been established in mixed bacteria isolated from the liquid fraction of rumen digesta and it has been assumed that the same relationship holds in the total population leaving the rumen (Merry and McAllan, 1983). However, several studies have demonstrated differences in composition between solid-associated (SAB) and fluid-associated bacteria in vivo (Legay-Carmier and Bauchart, 1989) and in vitro (Molina Alcaide et al, 1996), as well in marker : N values (Pérez et al., 1996). This problem could be more pronounced in the in vitro semi-continuous culture system RUSITEC, in which there are three well defined components (a free liquid phase, a liquid phase associated with the solid phase and a solid phase), each one having associated microbial populations.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using different bacterial isolates (BI) on the estimation of microbial production of four different diets in RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977), using (15NH4)2 SO4 as microbial marker, and to assess what effects any differences would have on the comparison of microbial protein synthesis between diets.This study was conducted in conjunction with an in vitro experiment described by Carro and Miller (1997). Two 14-day incubation trials were carried out with the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977). The general incubation procedure was the one described by Czerkawski and Breckenridge (1977) and more details about the procedures of this experiment are given elsewhere (Carro and Miller, 1997).

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