scholarly journals Nanocrystalline TiO2Electrodes Exhibiting High Storage Capacity and Stability in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui-Yang Huang ◽  
Ladislav Kavan ◽  
Andreas Kay ◽  
Michael Grätzel ◽  
Ivan Exnar
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Nanocrystalline Films ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
High Storage Capacity ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

Nanocrystalline TiO2films were explored for the first time as electrode material for a rechargeable lithium intercalation cell, i.e., Li/LiCF3SO3+ PC/TiO2. Two kinds of nanocrystalline films, TiO2F387 (Degussa) and TiO2colloid-240, were investigated. These films exhibited excellent performance renderings them a promising choice for secondary battery applications. At a current density of 0.01 mA/cm2, two voltage plateaus at 1.78 and 1.89 V were observed for TiO2F387 films during charge and discharge, respectively. The TiO2electrode charge capacity per unit weight rose with decreasing current density. The highest capacity, obtained at a current density of 0.005 mA/cm2and a final discharge voltage of 1.4 V, was 265 mAh/g corresponding to a lithium insertion ratio ofx= 0.8. Nanocrystalline TiO2colloid-240 films showed a similar performance. The cycle life of a TiO2colloid-240 cell at a high current density was found to be excellent; a capacity loss lower than 14% has been observed over 100 charge/discharge cycles.

THE ELECTROLYSIS OF SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (5) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Shipley ◽  
M. T. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
Hydrogen Overvoltage ◽  
General Relations ◽  
A Current

The a-c. electrolysis of a number of organic compounds was carried out in order to ascertain what products might be obtained, what electrolytic conditions affected the nature and the yield of products, and to discover the general relations governing oxidation and reduction when a.c. is used. Oxidation was found to predominate over reduction, owing, probably, to the relatively low hydrogen overvoltage on the electrodes. The effect of varying the conditions of a-c. electrolysis was in general similar to that observed in d-c. electrolysis. Satisfactory yields were obtained only when a product of an irreversible process was concerned. A good yield of quinhydrone from the a-c. electrolysis of hydroquinone was secured at a relatively high current density. The chlorination of acetone by the a-c. electrolysis of a solution of acetic anhydride in hydrochloric acid gave a current yield of 35% at a current density of 2 amp. per cm2.

scholarly journals High Current Density Chronopotentiometric Electrosynthesis and SEM Characterization of Hexanethiol-Monolayer-Protected Silver Planar Nanotriangles (Ag@C6SH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
DJafar Vatan Khah Dowlat Sara ◽  
Ahmad Rouhollahi ◽  
Seied Mahdi Pourmortazavi ◽  
Mojtaba Shamsipur
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
First Time

This work reports for the first time electrosynthesis of hexanethiol capped silver nanotriangles cores (Ag@C6SH NCs) by a rapid, clean, and simple Double Pulse Chronopotentiometric (DCP) method in nonaqueous media, using a Taguchi orthogonal arrayL8design to identify the optimized experimental conditions. It was found that the size and shape of the product could be tuned by the current density, electrolysis time, electrode distance, and amount of NaBH4% used. The Ag@C6SH NCs in different shapes and sizes (in the range of 30 to 44 nm as an average estimation) were synthesized, under different experimental conditions. Finally, the as-prepared nanoclusters electrosynthesized at optimized conditions were characterized by SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The average particle size of the triangular/pyramidal shape (Ag@C6SH NCs), obtained under optimized experimental conditions, was30.5±2.0 nm but the majority of nanoparticles in TC3SEM are so much finer.

Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Birnessit-Type Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Yan ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zhi Guo Wu ◽  
Ren Fu Zhuo ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Current ◽  
Cycle Stability ◽  
Good Rate Capability ◽  
A Current

Birnessite MnO2 nanosheets were synthesized by self-limiting deposition of KMnO4 in a facile low-temperature hydrothermal process. The MnO2 electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 169 F g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1, good rate capability with a capacitance of 96 F g-1 even at a high current density of 5 A g-1, as well as excellent cycle stability with capacitance retention of 94% at 1 A g-1 after 1,000 cycles.

3D intra-stacked CoO/carbon nanocomposites welded by Ag nanoparticles for high-capacity, reversible lithium storage

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 10368-10376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changju Chae ◽  
Ki Woong Kim ◽  
Sue Jin Kim ◽  
Daehee Lee ◽  
Yejin Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Irreversible Capacity ◽  
Lithium Storage ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposites ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
A Current

We demonstrate 3D intra-stacked CoO/carbon nanocomposites welded by Ag nanoparticles with a capacity of 770 mA h g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1, by reducing efficiently the irreversible capacity loss.

scholarly journals Tunning of Templated CuWO4 Nanorods Arrays Thickness to Improve Photoanode Water Splitting

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2900
Author(s):  
Nasori Nasori ◽  
Dawei Cao ◽  
Zhijie Wang ◽  
Ulya Farahdina ◽  
Agus Rubiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Anodic Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Flat Band ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Anodic Aluminum ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The fabrication of the photoanode of the n-type CuWO4 nanorod arrays was successfully carried out through electrochemical deposition using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) control templates and for the first time produced distinct gaps between the nanorod arrays. The effectiveness and efficiency of the resulting deposition was shown by the performance of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) procedure with a current density of 1.02 mA cm−2 with irradiation using standard AM 1.5G solar simulator and electron changed radiation of 0.72% with a bias potential of 0.71 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The gap between each nanorod indicated an optimization of the electrolyte penetration on the interface, which resulted in the expansion of the current density as much as 0.5 × 1024 cm−3 with a flat band potential of 0.14 V vs. Ag/AgCl and also a peak quantum efficiency of wavelength 410 nm. Thus, also indicating the gaps between the nanorod arrays is a promising structure to optimize the performance of the PEC water splitting procedure as a sustainable energy source.

A Microfabricated Enzyme-Free Glucose Fuel Cell for Implantable Devices

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Oncescu ◽  
David Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Electrode Gap

In the past decade the scientific community has showed considerable interest in the development of implantable medical devices. Such devices have low power requirements and can potentially be operated through fuel cells using reactants present in the body such as glucose and oxygen instead of non-rechargeable lithium batteries. In this paper we present a thin, enzyme-free fuel cell with high current density and good stability at a current density of 10μA cm−2. The fuel cell uses a stacked electrode design in order to achieve glucose and oxygen separation. In addition, it uses a porous carbon paper support for the anodic catalyst layer which reduces the amount of platinum or other noble metal catalysts required for fabricating high surface area electrodes with good reactivity. The peak power output of the fuel cell is approximately 2μW cm−2 and has a sustainable power density of 1.5μW cm−2 at 10μA cm−2. An analysis on the effects of electrode thickness and inter electrode gap on the maximum power output of the fuel cell is also performed.

Vulcan XC-72 treated by nitric acid and its electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950017
Author(s):  
Zejie Zhang ◽  
Debi Zhou ◽  
Xinjun Bao ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Boyun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Air Battery

Vulcan XC-72 treated by nitric acid is employed as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. The carbon catalyst exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity and stability in 6[Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] KOH electrolyte. The current density for oxygen reduction is 45[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V (vs. HgO/Hg). A zinc–air battery using XC-72 carbon electrode was assembled, the discharge voltage could reach up to 0.6[Formula: see text]V under a high current density of 80[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Flax-Derived Carbon: A Highly Durable Electrode Material for Electrochemical Double-Layer Supercapacitors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Petr Jakubec ◽  
Stanislav Bartusek ◽  
Josef Jan Dvořáček ◽  
Veronika Šedajová ◽  
Vojtěch Kupka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer ◽  
A Current

Owing to their low cost, good performance, and high lifetime stability, activated carbons (ACs) with a large surface area rank among the most popular materials deployed in commercially available electrochemical double-layer (EDLC) capacitors. Here, we report a simple two-step synthetic procedure for the preparation of activated carbon from natural flax. Such ACs possess a very high specific surface area (1649 m2 g–1) accompanied by a microporous structure with the size of pores below 2 nm. These features are behind the extraordinary electrochemical performance of flax-derived ACs in terms of their high values of specific capacitance (500 F g–1 at a current density of 0.25 A g–1 in the three-electrode setup and 189 F g–1 at a current density of 0.5 A g–1 in two-electrode setup.), high-rate stability, and outstanding lifetime capability (85% retention after 150,000 charging/discharging cycles recorded at the high current density of 5 A g–1). These findings demonstrate that flax-based ACs have more than competitive potential compared to standard and commercially available activated carbons.

In-Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Observations of Strain-Confined Lithium Nucleation at Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in All-Solid-State-Lithium Battery

2015 ◽  
Vol 1754 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Munekazu Motoyama ◽  
Makoto Ejiri ◽  
Yasutoshi Iriyama
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Cu Film ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
A Current ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTWe have studied electrochemical Li deposition/dissolution processes at amorphous solid electrolyte (LiPON) interfaces with 30-nm-thick-Cu-current collectors at different current densities by in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the current density is smaller than 300 μA cm−2, Li islands continue to grow under a Cu film without coalescing with their neighbors. Consequently, they produce small cracks in the Cu film leading to isolated Li rod growth from the cracks. On the other hand, a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 provokes the nucleation of Li islands with a higher number density. They rapidly coalesce under a Cu film in all lateral directions before cracking the Cu film. High current density conditions therefore suppress Li rod growths.

scholarly journals Tartrate-Based Electrolyte for Electrodeposition of Fe–Sn Alloys

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Simona Mrkonjić Zajkoska ◽  
Edmund Dobročka ◽  
Selma Hansal ◽  
Rudolf Mann ◽  
Wolfgang E. G. Hansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anomalous Deposition ◽  
Main Attribute ◽  
A Current

Magnetic properties of the sustainable Fe–Sn alloys are already known. However, there is lack of information in the field of Fe–Sn electrodeposition. In the present study, a novel Fe(III)–Sn(II) electrolyte with tartaric acid as a single complexing agent is introduced. The influence of the pH and the current density on the structural properties of the Fe–Sn deposit was studied. The stability of the electrolytes as a main attribute of sustainability was tested. The ferromagnetic phases Fe5Sn3 and Fe3Sn were electrodeposited for the first time, and it was found that the mechanism of the Fe–Sn deposition changes from normal to anomalous at a pH value 3.0 and a current density of approximately 30 mA/cm2. A possible reason for the anomalous deposition of Fe–Sn is the formation of Fe-hydroxides on the cathode surface. Two electrolyte stability windows exist: The first stability window is around a pH value of 1.8 where bimetallic Fe–Sn tartrate complexes were formed, and second one is around a pH value of 3.5 where most of the Sn ions were present in the form of [Sn(tart)2]2− and Fe in the form of [Fe(tart)]+ complexes.

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