A Microfabricated Enzyme-Free Glucose Fuel Cell for Implantable Devices

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Oncescu ◽  
David Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Electrode Gap

In the past decade the scientific community has showed considerable interest in the development of implantable medical devices. Such devices have low power requirements and can potentially be operated through fuel cells using reactants present in the body such as glucose and oxygen instead of non-rechargeable lithium batteries. In this paper we present a thin, enzyme-free fuel cell with high current density and good stability at a current density of 10μA cm−2. The fuel cell uses a stacked electrode design in order to achieve glucose and oxygen separation. In addition, it uses a porous carbon paper support for the anodic catalyst layer which reduces the amount of platinum or other noble metal catalysts required for fabricating high surface area electrodes with good reactivity. The peak power output of the fuel cell is approximately 2μW cm−2 and has a sustainable power density of 1.5μW cm−2 at 10μA cm−2. An analysis on the effects of electrode thickness and inter electrode gap on the maximum power output of the fuel cell is also performed.

scholarly journals Nanocrystalline TiO2Electrodes Exhibiting High Storage Capacity and Stability in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui-Yang Huang ◽  
Ladislav Kavan ◽  
Andreas Kay ◽  
Michael Grätzel ◽  
Ivan Exnar
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Nanocrystalline Films ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
High Storage Capacity ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

Nanocrystalline TiO2films were explored for the first time as electrode material for a rechargeable lithium intercalation cell, i.e., Li/LiCF3SO3+ PC/TiO2. Two kinds of nanocrystalline films, TiO2F387 (Degussa) and TiO2colloid-240, were investigated. These films exhibited excellent performance renderings them a promising choice for secondary battery applications. At a current density of 0.01 mA/cm2, two voltage plateaus at 1.78 and 1.89 V were observed for TiO2F387 films during charge and discharge, respectively. The TiO2electrode charge capacity per unit weight rose with decreasing current density. The highest capacity, obtained at a current density of 0.005 mA/cm2and a final discharge voltage of 1.4 V, was 265 mAh/g corresponding to a lithium insertion ratio ofx= 0.8. Nanocrystalline TiO2colloid-240 films showed a similar performance. The cycle life of a TiO2colloid-240 cell at a high current density was found to be excellent; a capacity loss lower than 14% has been observed over 100 charge/discharge cycles.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell: Utilization of Modified Nafion Membrane with Carbon Powder as Separator and Bio-Anode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Abdeldjabar Charef ◽  
Hakima Kebaili ◽  
Mostefa Kameche ◽  
Christophe Innocent
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Nafion Membrane ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Compost Leachate

A Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was conceived by using garden soil as a source to culture. It was then utilized as a bio-catalyst to decompose waste organic matter, reduce pollution from the soil, and produce energies. The MFC was composed of a bio-anode inoculated with a mixture of garden compost leachate and an abiotic stainless steel cathode. Besides, the bio-anode consisted of a Nafion membrane modified with carbon. The microorganisms agglomerated under polarization and formed electroactive bio-film onto bio-anode. In the preliminary test of MFC, potassium hexacyanoferrate has been utilized as catholyte, to enhance the reduction of proton and electrons resulting in a higher voltage. However, this electrolyte is toxic and oxidized rapidly, thus substituted by the hydrochloric acid. The results showed that the MFC with modified Nafion, gave relatively high current-density 379 mA/m2 in two days, whereas the conventional biofuel cell without modification attained the current-density 292 mA/m2 in four days. Nevertheless, both cells yielded almost the same current density of 20 mA/m2 during 60 days. Although it has been used for a long time, the modified Nafion has not been corroded and preserved its physicochemical properties.

Numerical Simulation of a High Current Density PEM Fuel Cell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro D'Adamo ◽  
Matteo Riccardi ◽  
Carlo Locci ◽  
Marcello Romagnoli ◽  
Stefano Fontanesi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
High Current

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Toray Paper for Bio-Fuel Cell Applications

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Chandra ◽  
Joshua T. Kace ◽  
Yuhao Sun ◽  
S. C. Barton ◽  
James Hone
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Scale Production

In recent years carbon nanotubes have emerged as excellent materials for applications in which high surface area is required e.g. gas sensing, hydrogen storage, solar cells etc. Ultra-high surface to volume ratio is also a desirable property in the applications requiring enhanced catalytic activity where these high surface area materials can act as catalyst supports. One of the fastest developing areas needing such materials is fuel-cell. Here we investigate the process through which carbon nanotubes can be manufactured specifically to be used to increase the surface area of a carbon paper (Toray™). This carbon support is used in bio-catalytic fuel cell as an electrode to support enzyme which catalyzes the redox reaction. Deposition of nanotubes on these carbon fibers can result in great enhancement in the overall surface area to support the enzyme, which increases the reaction rate inside the fuel cell. The present paper describes a method to achieve ultra-thick growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on a carbon Toray™ paper using a joule heating process and gas-phase catalyst. Using this method, we are able to achieve rapid, high-density, and uniform MWNT growth. This method is also potentially scalable toward larger-scale production.

scholarly journals Electrical output of bryophyte microbial fuel cell systems is sufficient to power a radio or an environmental sensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bombelli ◽  
Ross J. Dennis ◽  
Fabienne Felder ◽  
Matt B. Cooper ◽  
Durgaprasad Madras Rajaraman Iyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Environmental Sensor

Plant microbial fuel cells are a recently developed technology that exploits photosynthesis in vascular plants by harnessing solar energy and generating electrical power. In this study, the model moss species Physcomitrella patens , and other environmental samples of mosses, have been used to develop a non-vascular bryophyte microbial fuel cell (bryoMFC). A novel three-dimensional anodic matrix was successfully created and characterized and was further tested in a bryoMFC to determine the capacity of mosses to generate electrical power. The importance of anodophilic microorganisms in the bryoMFC was also determined. It was found that the non-sterile bryoMFCs operated with P. patens delivered over an order of magnitude higher peak power output (2.6 ± 0.6 µW m −2 ) than bryoMFCs kept in near-sterile conditions (0.2 ± 0.1 µW m −2 ). These results confirm the importance of the microbial populations for delivering electrons to the anode in a bryoMFC. When the bryoMFCs were operated with environmental samples of moss (non-sterile) the peak power output reached 6.7 ± 0.6 mW m −2 . The bryoMFCs operated with environmental samples of moss were able to power a commercial radio receiver or an environmental sensor (LCD desktop weather station).

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Alkaline Fuel Cell for Multifuel System

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Verma ◽  
A. K. Jha ◽  
S. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Alkaline Fuel Cell

The performance of an alkaline fuel cell (AFC) is investigated using three different fuels, e.g., methanol, ethanol, and sodium borohydride. Pt∕C∕Ni was used as anode, whereas MnO2∕C∕Ni was used as standard (Electro-Chem-Technic, UK) cathode for all the fuels. Fresh mixture of electrolyte, potassium hydroxide (5M), and fuel (2M) was fed to AFC and withdrawn at a rate of 1ml∕min. The anode was prepared by dispersing platinum and activated carbon in Nafion® (DuPont USA) dispersion and placing it onto a carbon paper (Lydall, USA). Finally prepared anode material was pressed onto Ni mesh and sintered to produce the required anode. The maximum power density of 16.5mW∕cm2 is obtained at 28mA∕cm2 of current density for sodium borohydride at 25°C, whereas methanol produces 31.5mW∕cm2 of maximum power density at 44mA∕cm2 of current density at 60°C. The results obtained showed that the AFC could accept multifuels.

scholarly journals Measurement of polarization curve and development of a unique semi empirical model for description of PEMFC and DMFC performances

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Selyari ◽  
A.A. Ghoreyshi ◽  
M. Shakeri ◽  
G.D. Najafpour ◽  
T. Jafary
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Oxygen Stoichiometry ◽  
Semi Empirical

In this study, a single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in H2/O2 form with an effective dimension of 5?5 cm as well as a single direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a dimension of 10?10 cm were fabricated. In an existing test station, the voltage-current density performances of the fabricated PEMFC and DMFC were examined under various operating conditions. As was expected DMFC showed a lower electrical performance which can be attributed to the slower methanol oxidation rate in comparison to the hydrogen oxidation. The results obtained from the cell operation indicated that the temperature has a great effect on the cell performance. At 60?C, the best power output was obtained for PEMFC. There was a drop in the cell voltage beyond 60?C which can be attributed to the reduction of water content inside the membrane. For DMFC, maximum power output was resulted at 64oC. Increasing oxygen stoichiometry and total cell pressure had a marginal effect on the cell performance. The results also revealed that the cell performance improved by increasing pressure differences between anode and cathode. A unified semi-empirical thermodynamic based model was developed to describe the cell voltage as a function of current density for both kinds of fuel cells. The model equation parameters were obtained through a nonlinear fit to the experimental data. There was a good agreement between the experimental data and the model predicted cell performance for both types of fuel cells.

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