scholarly journals Fetal Growth, Gestation Length And Phosphoglucomutase-1 Phenotype

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Frank D. Johnstone ◽  
John D. Westt ◽  
Robin J. Prescott ◽  
Judith M. Steel ◽  
Jean A. Flockhartt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Gel Isoelectric Focusing

This study investigates reports that phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) phenotype is associated with fetal growth and gestation length. A total of 350 women were studied, 234 having uncomplicated pregnancies and 114 with a baby weighing greater than 90th centile, corrected for parity, gestation and fetal sex. All women had gestation confirmed by early ultrasound. Conventional cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to distinguish the three common PGM1 phenotypes and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing to distinguish the ten PGM1 SUbtypes. Neither PGM I phenotype nor SUbtype were found to be associated with gestation length or standardised birth weight. Logistic regression, where maternal age, parity, fetal sex, maternal weight, gestation and smoking were introduced as explanatory variables in addition to PGM1 phenotype testing against the dependent variables birth weight, standardised birth weight and gestation length, did not show differences related to PGM1 phenotype.Two possible reasons for the discrepancy with previously published data are discussed. We conclude that the study provides no support for the belief that PGM1 phenotype is related to fetal growth or gestation length and that the original observations could have arisen as a result of statistical artefact due to multiple testing.

scholarly journals Leptin Concentrations in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Relation to Maternal Weight, Birth Weight and Weight of the Placenta

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishrat ◽  
MW Rahman ◽  
MR Rahman ◽  
MZ Hussain ◽  
S Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin

Objective: Leptin is a hormone which regulates adipose tissue mass of the body. Substantial increase of leptin during pregnancy and detection of leptin and leptin receptor in placenta have led to the speculation that leptin is a gestational hormone with a possible role in regulation of fetal growth. The study was done to find out whether maternal and cord blood leptin correlate with birthweight and weight of the placenta. Materials and methods: A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2005 to June 2005. The study was carried out on 39 pairs of mothers and newborns. Maternal venous blood was sampled just before delivery. Cord blood was obtained, birth weight and placental weight measurements were taken just after delivery of the baby. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Maternal serum leptin was 24.50 ng/ml (range- 13.15-45.60 ng/ml) and cord serum leptin was 6.50 ng/ml (range- 2.02-12.30 ng/ml). There was no correlation between maternal leptin and birth weight or between maternal leptin and placental weight. Cord leptin was significantly correlated with birth weight but not with placental weight. There was no correlation between maternal and cord blood leptin. There was no significant gender differences in cord blood leptin concentrations. Conclusions: There may be an important role of leptin in regulation of fetal growth and development. Placenta may not be a major source of leptin in maternal and feto-placental circulation. Maternal leptin cannot be a reliable marker of fetal growth. Keywords: Serum leptin, birth weight, placental weight   doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3049 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 3-7

scholarly journals Early Maternal Thyroid Function During Gestation Is Associated With Fetal Growth, Particularly in Male Newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte ◽  
E. Jessica Hrudey ◽  
Marcel B. Twickler
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Maternal Thyroid

Abstract Background: Intrauterine growth patterns are influenced by maternal thyroid function during gestation and by fetal sex. It is unknown, however, whether the relationships between maternal thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels in early pregnancy and fetal growth outcomes are modified by fetal sex. Design: Data were obtained from a community-based cohort study of pregnant women living in Amsterdam (Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development study). TSH and fT4 levels were determined during the first prenatal screening at median 13 weeks (interquartile range, 12 to 14). Women with live-born singletons and no overt thyroid dysfunction were included (N = 3988). Associations between these maternal hormones and birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) were analyzed separately for each sex. Results: After adjustments, 1 pmol/L increase in maternal fT4 levels was associated with a reduction in birth weight of 33.7 g (P < 0.001) in male newborns and 16.1 g (P < 0.05) in female newborns. Increased maternal fT4 was not associated with increased odds for SGA, but was associated with a decreased odds for LGA in boys [per 1 pmol/L; odds ratio (OR), 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69 to 0.90]. Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism in early pregnancy (TSH > 2.5 mU/L, 7.3%) was associated with increased odds for LGA in male newborns (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.11). Conclusion: Maternal fT4 in early pregnancy was observed to be inversely associated with birth weight, with a stronger relationship in males. Male infants also had increased odds for LGA in mothers with subclinical hypothyroidism. Sexual dimorphism appears to be present in the relationship between maternal thyroid metabolism and fetal intrauterine growth, with stronger associations in male infants.

scholarly journals Maternal body composition in relation to infant birth weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Marie Löf ◽  
Hanna Olausson ◽  
Elisabeth Olhager
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Published Data ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Infant Birth

Infant birth weight has increased recently, representing an obstetric and potentially a public health problem since high birth weight involves a risk of obesity later in life. Maternal nutritional status is important for fetal growth and therefore relationships between maternal body weight and composition v. birth weight and infant subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in twenty-three healthy women and their newborn infants using multiple and simple linear regression analysis. Furthermore, using previously published data for nineteen infants, it was demonstrated that an anthropometric method could provide useful estimates of the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Birth weight was correlated with the maternal content of total body fat (TBF) both before pregnancy and in gestational week 32 and, together with gestational age at birth, TBF (%) before pregnancy explained 45% of the variation in birth weight. This figure was not increased when gestational gains in weight or TBF were added to the model. Furthermore, in infants, birth weight correlated with the amount of their subcutaneous adipose tissue. Together maternal TBF (%) and amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in infants explained 61–63% of the variation in birth weight while the amount of infant subcutaneous adipose tissue alone explained only 55%. The maternal TBF content is likely to be important for the recent increase in birth weight. This factor probably causes a general augmentation in fetal growth rather than a specific stimulation of adipose tissue growth.

scholarly journals Association between the pregnancy exposome and fetal growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydiane Agier ◽  
Xavier Basagaña ◽  
Carles Hernandez-Ferrer ◽  
Léa Maitre ◽  
Ibon Tamayo Uria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Environmental Models

Abstract Background Several environmental contaminants were shown to possibly influence fetal growth, generally from single exposure family studies, which are prone to publication bias and confounding by co-exposures. The exposome paradigm offers perspectives to avoid selective reporting of findings and to control for confounding by co-exposures. We aimed to characterize associations of fetal growth with the pregnancy chemical and external exposomes. Methods Within the Human Early-Life Exposome project, 131 prenatal exposures were assessed using biomarkers and environmental models in 1287 mother–child pairs from six European cohorts. We investigated their associations with fetal growth using a deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) algorithm considering all exposures simultaneously, and an exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) considering each exposure independently. We corrected for exposure measurement error and tested for exposure–exposure and sex–exposure interactions. Results The DSA model identified lead blood level, which was associated with a 97 g birth weight decrease for each doubling in lead concentration. No exposure passed the multiple testing-corrected significance threshold of ExWAS; without multiple testing correction, this model was in favour of negative associations of lead, fine particulate matter concentration and absorbance with birth weight, and of a positive sex-specific association of parabens with birth weight in boys. No two-way interaction between exposure variables was identified. Conclusions This first large-scale exposome study of fetal growth simultaneously considered >100 environmental exposures. Compared with single exposure studies, our approach allowed making all tests (usually reported in successive publications) explicit. Lead exposure is still a health concern in Europe and parabens health effects warrant further investigation.

Determinants of Fetal Growth and Body Proportionality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Kramer ◽  
Marielle Olivier ◽  
Frances H. McLean ◽  
Geoffrey E. Dougherty ◽  
Diana M. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Previous studies of fetal growth and body proportionality have been based on error-prone gestational age estimates and on inappropriate comparisons of infants with dissimilar birth weights. Based on a cohort of 8719 infants with validated (by early ultrasonography) gestational ages and indexes of body proportionality standardized for birth weight, potential maternal and fetal determinants of fetal growth and proportionality were assessed. Maternal history of previous low birth weight infants, pregnancy-related hypertension (particularly if severe), diabetes, prepregnancy weight, net gestational weight gain, cigarette smoking, height, parity, and fetal sex were all significantly associated with fetal growth in the expected directions. Consistent with previous reports, maternal age, marital status, and onset or total amount of prenatal care had no significant independent effects. Fetal growth ratio (relative weight for gestational age), pregnancy-related hypertension, fetal sex, and maternal height were the only significant determinants of proportionality. Infants who were growth-retarded, those with taller mothers, those whose mothers had severe pregnancy-related hypertension, and males tended to be longer and thinner and had larger heads for their weight, although these variables explained only a small fraction of the variance in the proportionality measures. Among infants with intrauterine growth retardation, gestational age was not independently associated with proportionality (in particular, late term and postterm infants did not tend to be more disproportional), a finding that does not support the hypothesis that earlier onset of growth retardation leads to more proportional growth retardation. The results raise serious questions about previous studies of proportionality, particularly those suggesting a nutritional etiology for proportional intrauterine growth retardation. They also emphasize the importance of controlling for degree of growth retardation, maternal stature, and pregnancy-related hypertension in evaluating the prognostic consequences of proportionality for mortality, morbidity, and functional performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between placental surface area and fetal growth rate in artiodactyls and perissodactyls

Mammalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Klisch ◽  
Lea Carisch ◽  
Marcus Clauss
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractGestation periods in mammals are generally in line with scaling laws. There are several exceptions in which species of relatively similar size and degree of neonatal maturation show a significant difference in gestation length. For example the giraffids have a very long gestation period, compared to bovids of similar size. By using published data about the placental surface area at term, we show that in ungulates this surface area is more tightly correlated to the average fetal growth rate than to fetal and placenta weight. These data suggest that, within one type of placenta, gestation length and placental surface area are associated parameters.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pertambahan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil terhadap Berat Bayi Lahir di Kota Pariaman

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Shiddiq ◽  
Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto ◽  
Yusrawati Yusrawati
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Ada 95 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakPertumbuhan janin intrauterin sangat menentukan berat bayi lahir. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi berat bayi lahir, salah satunya adalah status gizi janin.Untuk mencapai status gizi yang diharapkan, ibu hamil harus mencapai penambahan berat badan yang ideal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pertambahan berat badan ibu hamil terhadap berat bayi lahir di kota Pariaman. Metode penelitian adalah analitik yang dilakukan di kota Pariaman dengan menggunakan data ibu melahirkan bulan Januari-Juni 2011. Ada 95 sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, didapatkan jumlah terbanyak pertambahan berat badan ibu pada range < 10 kg, yaitu sebanyak 39 orang dengan rerata 7,46 kg (± 1,274 SD) sedangkan berat badan yang >12,3 kg didapatkan 27 orang dengan rerata 17,39 kg (± 5,792 SD). Secara keseluruhan pertambahan berat badan ibu rerata dalam rentang normal, yaitu 11,29 kg (± 5,194 SD). Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (≤ 2,5 kg) sebanyak 2 bayi (2,1%) dengan berat rerata 2,350 gram (± 0,2121 SD) sedangkan berat badan normal (>2,5 – 4 kg) adalah 92 bayi atau 96,8% dengan berat rerata 3,176 gram (± 0,3339 SD). Secara keseluruhan berat bayi lahir rratae yang didapatkan adalah 3,169 kg (± 0,3661 SD). Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi, didapatkan r = 0,103 dan p = 0,323 (>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara pertambahan berat badan ibu hamil terhadap berat bayi lahirdi kota Pariaman.Kata kunci: pertambahan berat badan ibu hamil, berat bayi lahir, pertumbuhan janin intrauterin, status gizi janin AbstractThe intrauterine fetal growth is very affect the birth weight. Many factors that can affect birth weight is one of the nutritional status of the fetus. To achieve the expected nutritional status of pregnant, women have reached the ideal weight gain. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal weight gain on infant birth weight in Pariaman. The method of this study is analytical in Pariaman. Pregnant women’s data taken from January until June 2011.There were 95 samples used in this study.Obtained the highest number of maternal weight gain, we found that the average of birth weight, range < 10 kg, as many as 39 samples with an average 7.46 kg (± 1.274 SD), whereas sample with a weight gain of more than 12.53 kg as many as 27 samples with an average 17.39 kg (± 5.792 SD). Overall maternal weight gain in the average is normal, the average is 11.29 kg (± 5.194 SD). Obtained birth weight, infant with low birth weight (≤ 2.5 kg) as many as 2 samples (2.1%) with an average 2.350 kg (± 0.2121 SD) whereas sample withnormal birth weight (> 2.5 – 4 kg) as many as 92 samples,(96.8%)with weight in the average is normal, 3.176 gram (± 0.3339 SD). Overall birth weight int the average is normal, the average is 3.169 kg (± 0.3661 SD). Based on the test result showed that the correlation, r = 0.103 and p = 0.323 (> 0.05). It can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between maternal weight gain on infant birth weight in Pariaman.Keywords: maternal weight gain, birth weight, intrauterine fetal growth, nutritional status of the fetus

Factors influencing foetal growth in pregnancy complicated by diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Sathish Kumar S. ◽  
Anandhi A. ◽  
Luke Ravi Chelliah ◽  
Karthick A. R.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus represents a metabolically altered fetal environment due to an increased maternal supply of carbohydrates. It leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and stimulates insulin-sensitive tissue, predominantly of the abdomen, resulting in increased fetal growth and delivering large-for-gestational-age newborns. Implications of fetal hyperinsulinemia reach far beyond delivery. Children of mothers with diabetes in pregnancy are predisposed to develop obesity and glucose intolerance through a non-genetic “fuel-mediated” mechanism. The objective of the present study was to study the “fetal growth pattern at different periods of pregnancy complicated by diabetes” and to identify the factors that influence the fetal growth pattern in pregnancy complicated by diabetesMethods: 69 pregnant women with diabetes and 34 pregnant women without diabetes were included in the study by random sampling. Maternal parameters such as age, parity, height, weight at registration, and weight gain during pregnancy, BMI at the time of registration of pregnancy and at the time of delivery, detailed diabetic profile and management including meal plan, insulin administration and dosage were recorded. The fetuses were monitored for Biparietal diameter, abdomen circumference, femur length by 2 ultrasound examinations, one at 18-22 weeks and another at 28-32 weeks were performed. Soon after delivery, sex, gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of the newborn were recorded and infants were classified as LGA/SGA/AGA.Results: Maternal age, parity, BMI at the time of delivery and maternal weight gain had significant influence on the birth weight. The abdominal circumference of the fetus detected at 18-20 and 28-32 ultrasound scans had a very significant correlation with neonatal mean birth weight percentile. Conclusions: Not all babies born to diabetic mothers are macrosomic. SGA babies were not uncommon in pregnancies with diabetes especially in those who did not have significant micro vasculopathy. Maternal nutrition plays a significant key role in determining birth weight of babies even in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

scholarly journals Specific weights of nineteen explanatory variables in low birth weight in the Mayan Zone of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo according to the Multiple Logistic Regression Model. Analytical observational epidemiological study of cases and controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3486-3509
Author(s):  
José Franco–Monsreal ◽  
Lidia Esther del Socorro Serralta–Peraza ◽  
Javier Jesús Flores–Abuxapqui
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Explanatory Variables

Low birth weight is an indicator that allows predicting the probability of survival of a child. In fact, there is an exponential relationship between weight deficit, gestational age, and perinatal mortality. In addition, it is important to indicate that a percentage of term children (37 ≤ weeks of gestation ≤ 41) who have low birth weight present with various sequelae of variable severity –especially in the neurological sphere– and hence the importance of predicting the presentation of low birth weight. Multiple Logistic Regression is one of the most expressive and versatile statistical instruments available for data analysis in both clinical and epidemiology. Its origin dates to the sixties with the transcendent work of Cornfield, Gordon & Smith on the risk of suffering from coronary heart disease and, in the way we know it today, with the contribution of Walter & Duncan in which addresses the issue of estimating the probability of occurrence of a certain event based on several variables. Its use has been universalized and expanded since the early eighties, due to the computer facilities available since then. Quantitative approach. The study design corresponds to that of an analytical observational epidemiological study of cases and controls with directionality response variable→explanatory variables and with prospective temporality. One thousand eight hundred fifteen newborns were studied [178 (9.81%) cases and 1,637 (90.19%) controls], which corresponds to nine controls per case. All term newborns (37 ≤ weeks of gestation ≤ 41) with weights < 2,500 g and ≥ 2,500 g were defined, respectively, as a case and as a control. The values obtained from the β Exponents or Odds Ratios indicate the positive contribution (OR> 1) in ascending numerical order of the explanatory variables alcoholism (0.0018); low socioeconomic level (0.5694); initiation of prenatal care from or after the 20th week of gestation (0.6116); birth interval ≤ 24 months (0.7942); age at menarche ≤ 12 years (1.0792); “unmarried” marital status (1.0961); female gender of the product (1.1271); maternal weight < 50 kg (1.4700); history of abortion(s) (1.5407); number of deliveries = 1 (1.5524); number of prenatal visits ≤ 5 (1.5966); type of delivery or abdominal birth route (1.6169); smoking (2.2019); number of deliveries ≥ 5 (2.2714); maternal age ≤ 19 years (2.4827); maternal age ≥ 36 years (2.8070); pathological obstetric history (4.0735); pathological personal history (4.6475); and maternal height < 150 cm (5.5092).

scholarly journals Gestation length and birth weight in relation to intake of marine n-3 fatty acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjúrđur F.Olsen* ◽  
Harald S. Hansen ◽  
Niels J. Secher ◽  
Benny Jensen ◽  
Brittmarie Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

It has been hypothesized that marine n-3 fatty acids ingested during pregnancy prolong duration of pregnancy and increase fetal growth rate in humans. By a combined self-administered questionnaire and interview applied in the 30th week of gestation we assessed dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids and energy in a population-based sample of 965 pregnant Danish women; in a random 14% subsample we also measured marine n-3 fatty acids relative to arachidonic acid (FA-ratio) in erythrocytes. Mean intake of marine n-3 fatty acids was 0·25 (95% range 0–0·75) g/d. We could detect no association between n-3 fatty acid intake and FA-ratio on the one hand, and gestation length, birth weight and birth length on the other. The analyses were adjusted for maternal height, prepregnant weight, parity and smoking. The conclusion from the study was that within the intake range of this population, marine n-3 fatty acids ingested in the weeks prior to the 30th week of pregnancy seem not to be a predictor of gestation length or fetal growth rate.

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