scholarly journals Maternal body composition in relation to infant birth weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Marie Löf ◽  
Hanna Olausson ◽  
Elisabeth Olhager
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Published Data ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Infant Birth

Infant birth weight has increased recently, representing an obstetric and potentially a public health problem since high birth weight involves a risk of obesity later in life. Maternal nutritional status is important for fetal growth and therefore relationships between maternal body weight and composition v. birth weight and infant subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in twenty-three healthy women and their newborn infants using multiple and simple linear regression analysis. Furthermore, using previously published data for nineteen infants, it was demonstrated that an anthropometric method could provide useful estimates of the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Birth weight was correlated with the maternal content of total body fat (TBF) both before pregnancy and in gestational week 32 and, together with gestational age at birth, TBF (%) before pregnancy explained 45% of the variation in birth weight. This figure was not increased when gestational gains in weight or TBF were added to the model. Furthermore, in infants, birth weight correlated with the amount of their subcutaneous adipose tissue. Together maternal TBF (%) and amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in infants explained 61–63% of the variation in birth weight while the amount of infant subcutaneous adipose tissue alone explained only 55%. The maternal TBF content is likely to be important for the recent increase in birth weight. This factor probably causes a general augmentation in fetal growth rather than a specific stimulation of adipose tissue growth.

scholarly journals Influence of birth weight on gene regulators of lipid metabolism and utilization in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Williams ◽  
N Marten ◽  
V Wilson ◽  
J C Litten-Brown ◽  
A M Corson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Epidemiological studies suggest that low-birth weight infants show poor neonatal growth and increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome, in particular, obesity and diabetes. Adipose tissue development is regulated by many genes, including members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) families. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of birth weight on key adipose and skeletal muscle tissue regulating genes. Piglets from 11 litters were ranked according to birth weight and 3 from each litter assigned to small, normal, or large-birth weight groups. Tissue samples were collected on day 7 or 14. Plasma metabolite concentrations and the expression ofPPARG2,PPARA,FABP3, andFABP4genes were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Adipocyte number and area were determined histologically. Expression ofFABP3and4was significantly reduced in small and large, compared with normal, piglets in adipose tissue on day 7 and in skeletal muscle on day 14. On day 7,PPARAandPPARG2were significantly reduced in adipose tissue from small and large piglets. Adipose tissue from small piglets contained more adipocytes than normal or large piglets. Birth weight had no effect on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle lipid content. Low-birth weight is associated with tissue-specific and time-dependent effects on lipid-regulating genes as well as morphological changes in adipose tissue. It remains to be seen whether these developmental changes alter an individual's susceptibility to metabolic syndrome.

The effects of birth weight and level of feeding in early life on growth and development of muscle and adipose tissue in the young pig

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACTForty-two piglets were used to study the effects of heavy and light birth weight, and of four levels of feeding, ranging from 37 to 91 g dry matter per kg M0 75 per day, on growth between 5 days of age and 6·5kg live weight, and on body composition, and the cellularity of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue, at the latter weight. The effects of birth weight and level of feeding to 6·5 kg on performance between 6·5 and 11 -5 kg, and on body composition at 11·5 kg, were also investigated.Light birth weight piglets grew more slowly to 6·5 kg than those of heavy birth weight (P < 0·05). However, birth weight had no effect on food conversion efficiency or on body composition.Each increment in feeding level resulted in increases in growth rate (P < 0·01), body fat content (P < 0·01) and average fat-cell diameter (P < 0·01) at 6·5 kg, but in decreases in body protein and water (P < 0·01).The weight of the m. semitendinosus at 6·5 kg was unaffected by either birth weight or level of feeding. However, the deoxyribonucleic acid content of the muscle at both 6·5 and 11·5 kg was less in light birth weight piglets fed at the lowest level prior to 6·5 kg (P < 0·05). These piglets also exhibited poorer growth performance subsequent to 6·5 kg than their heavier birth weight counterparts.Nevertheless, piglets of both light and heavy birth weight, fed at the lowest level to 6·5 kg, grew faster and more effficiently between 6·5 and 11·5kg (P < 0·05), and were leaner at 11·5kg than those previously fed at the highest level (P < 0·01). Average fat-cell diameter at 11·5kg was also less in pigs fed at the lowest level prior to 6·5kg (P < 0·01). Total deoxyribonucleic acid in subcutaneous adipose tissue at 11·5kg was unaffected by either birth weight or level of feeding prior to 6·5 kg.

PPARGC1A DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in low birth weight subjects — impact of 5days of high-fat overfeeding

Metabolism ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Gillberg ◽  
Stine C. Jacobsen ◽  
Tina Rönn ◽  
Charlotte Brøns ◽  
Allan Vaag
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Leptin expression in offspring is programmed by nutrition in pregnancy

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. R1-R6 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Eckert ◽  
KL Gatford ◽  
BG Luxford ◽  
RG Campbell ◽  
PC Owens
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Leptin Expression ◽  
First Time ◽  
In Pregnancy

Birth weight is a determinant of blood leptin concentrations in adults. Since nutrition during pregnancy can affect birth weight, the hypothesis that feed intake during pregnancy alters leptin expression in progeny was examined. Leptin mRNA was measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue and leptin protein was measuredin blood plasma from 59 day old female pigs whose mothers were fed at the same restricted rate except that half were permitted to consume 35% more feed during the second quarter of pregnancy. Leptin mRNA abundance in adipose tissue (P=0.015) and plasma leptin concentration (P=0.01) were higher in progeny from mothers provided with more feed. Body weight at birth was negatively correlated with the abundance of leptin mRNA in subcutaneous fat at 59 days of age (P=0.01). This study shows for the first time that maternal nutrition during pregnancy programs postnatal leptin expression in offspring.

Insulin resistance, systemic and regional inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue during weight loss in a population with obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederique Van de Velde ◽  
Margriet Ouwens ◽  
Arsene-Helene Batens ◽  
Samyah Shadid ◽  
Bruno Lapauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

701-P: Effects of Exercise on Extracellular Matrix Modifiers in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Adults

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 701-P
Author(s):  
PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
CHIWOON AHN ◽  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
JEFFREY F. HOROWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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