scholarly journals Bacteremic Pneumonia Caused by Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci: Case Report and Review with a Canadian Perspective

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
David R Burdge ◽  
Vincent C Woo ◽  
Patricia MA Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Bacteremic Pneumonia

A Canadian adult with bacteremic pneumonia caused by a relatively penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration 0.25 μg/mL) Streptococcus pneumoniae is reported, and the published literature regarding penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Canada reviewed. Although penicillin resistance has been reported infrequently to date, this case emphasizes the need for routine antimicrobial sensitivity testing of all pneumococci isolated from normally sterile sites, and for ongoing systematic surveillance for penicillin and other antibiotic resistance in Canada.

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

scholarly journals Upregulation of gluconeogenesis leads to increased tolerance to antibiotics targeting the MreB elongosome in E. coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brody Barton ◽  
Addison Grinnell ◽  
Randy M. Morgenstein
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractAntibiotic resistant bacteria are a global threat to human health. One way to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance is to make new antibiotics that target previously ignored proteins. The bacterial actin homolog, MreB, is highly conserved among rod-shaped bacteria and essential for growth, making MreB a good focus for antibiotic targeting. Therefore, it is imperative to understand mechanisms that can give rise to resistance to MreB targeting drugs. Using the MreB targeting drug, A22, we show that changes to central metabolism through deletion of TCA cycle genes, leads to the upregulation of gluconeogenesis resulting in cells with an increased minimal inhibitory concentration to A22. This phenotype can be recapitulated through the addition of glucose to the media. Finally, we show that this increase in minimal inhibitory concentration is not specific to A22 but can be seen in other cell wall targeting antibiotics, such as mecillinam.ImportanceThe spread of antibiotic resistance has made bacterial infections harder to treat. Finding new targets for antibiotic development is critical to overcoming the variety of resistance mechanism that are already crippling our ability to treat infections with current antibiotics. The bacterial actin homolog MreB is a good target for new antibiotic development because it is essential for growth and highly conserved among rod-shaped pathogens. The significance of this research is in understanding the mechanisms cells can develop toward the inhibition of MreB to better understand how to make MreB targeting antibiotics in the future.

Penicillin- and Cephalosporin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: An Emerging Microbial Threat

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Leggiadro
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Recent reports from South Africa,1 Spain,2 Hungary,3 Texas,4-6 and Memphis7,8 document an increasing incidence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children. The emergence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci that also demonstrate decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins presents an even greater clinical challenge.6-9 This commentary reviews recent developments in the epidemiology, identification, and management of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal disease in children. Pneumococcal susceptibility to penicillin is defined as a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) <0.1 µg/mL. Intermediate (relative) penicillin resistance is defined as an MIC from 0.1 to 1.0 µg/mL and high-level resistance as an MIC >1.0 µ/mL. Pneumococcal penicillin resistance is mediated by alterations in penicillin-binding proteins involved in cell wall synthesis.10

scholarly journals Study of antibiotic sensitivity of Esherichia coli isolated from Broiler Chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hussein ◽  
M AL-Attar
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Complete Resistance

Antibiotic sensitivity testing of E.coli isolates, showed that most isolates were sensitive 100% to colistin sulphate and kanamycin/cephlaxine in the first degree, also gave different results to other antibiotics. On the other hand, the isolates showed complete resistance 100% for Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Pencillin G, Tetracycline and Tylosin, in addition to appearance of 11 multiple resistance pattern. The results of determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli showed the presence of variable minimal inhibitory concentration in relation to the serotypes of E.coli when used different antibiotics.

scholarly journals 133. The Changing Phenotypes and Genotypes of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates From Children in Shenzhen During 2013–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S95-S95
Author(s):  
Yanmin Bao ◽  
Yuejie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ermb Gene ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background The phenotypes and genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn.) isolated from children with invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) were changed in these years. The purpose of this study was to monitor this mutation trends before the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in China. Methods Strains were isolated from children less than 14 years old between January 2013 and May 2017 in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. Serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and genotypes of these isolates were determined using capsular swelling, E-test, and multi-locus sequence typing, respectively. Results A total of 94 Spn. strains were isolated, which belonged to 15 serotypes. The five most prevalent serotypes were 19F (25.5%), 19A (19%), 14 (17%), 23F (7.5%), and 6B (9.6%). The other two serotypes (19C and 15) were non-vaccine types. We found 42 sequence types (STs) for these isolates. The most abundant STs were ST271 (24.4%), ST876 (17%), and ST320 (10.6%), mainly related to 19F, 14, and 19A, respectively. The potential coverage of PCV13 was 87.2%. Among non-meningitis isolates, the resistance rates to penicillin and ceftriaxone were 0% and 2%. However, the meningitis isolates showed universal resistance to penicillin (80%) and ceftriaxone (20%). Most of these isolates (95.7%) were resistant to erythromycin, and 66 (70.2%) strains carried the ermB gene and 24 (25.5%) strains carried both the ermB and mefA/E genes. Serotype 19A showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin than the other serotypes, but no significant difference in penicillin MIC among the three main STs (ST271, ST320, and ST876). Conclusion The phenotypes and genotypes of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children in Shenzhen have changed with the passage of time. Compared with PCV7, PCV13 can more effectively protect Chinese children from IPDs. To some extent, these changes are possibly related to the usage of antibiotics and vaccines. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Drug-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes: a case report of pyoderma and cellulitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pieretti ◽  
Benedetta Canovari ◽  
Marco Moretti ◽  
Carlo Pieretti ◽  
Enzo Pazzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

In the last years there has been worldwide an increase in the incidence of <em>Streptococcus</em> <em>pyogenes</em> infections and its sequelae. The purpose of the present study is to describe a clinical case of pyoderma and cellulitis by <em>S. pyogenes</em> with a pattern of resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin. Antimicrobial susceptibility was analysed by automated method of disk diffusion while E-test method was used to verify the minimum inhibitory concentration to penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin. Although penicillin remains the first-choice treatment for <em>S. pyogenes</em> infection, worldwide antibiotic resistance and the associated phenotypes are highly variable across countries. This case report strengthens the need for continued surveillance to obtain further insights into the forces governing resistance in <em>S. pyogenes.</em>

scholarly journals Isolation and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing of Escherichia coli from Fish Meat Retailing Shops of Mekelle City, Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Teklu Awot ◽  
Alemayhu Tehetna ◽  
Assefa Shishay ◽  
Getachew Belayneh ◽  
Hagos Yohannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Mekelle City

The present study was conducted for the period of six months, September, 2016 to February, 2017 so as to isolate and identify Escherichia (E.coli) from fresh fish samples collected from four different retailing shops in Mekelle city and determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria. Isolation and identification of E.coli and antibiotic sensitivity test were performed following the standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic resistance patterns of the E.coli isolates were tested against 6 different antibiotics, namely Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Gentamicin and Streptomycin. Accordingly, out of the total 96 fish samples collected and analyzed, 9(9.4%) were positive for E.coli following the primary and secondary biochemical test results. Out of the four fish meat retailing shops, the highest and statistically significant prevalence (P=0.001) of E.coli was recorded in shop III as 5(20.8%) followed by shop II as 4(16.7%).Furthermore, results of the antimicrobial sensitivity test have shown that all of the isolates were completely significantly (P=0.001) resistant to two antibiotics (Ampicillin and Amoxicillin) and 100% significantly susceptible (P=0.001) to three of the antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Gentamicin). Whereas, out of the 9 isolates, 2 isolates (22.2%) were intermediate and 7 isolates (77.8%) were susceptible to Streptomycin. Hence, it can be concluded that fishes from Mekelle shops do contain antimicrobial resistant pathogenic E.coli where the proportion of these isolates significantly (P<0.001) varies from shop to shop. In spite of the lesser practice of their utilization, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Gentamicin were found to be the best antimicrobials to treat E.coli associated infections in the study area. However, it is suggested that post-harvest hygienic management practices are to be practiced along the fish production-marketing chain.Antibiotic sensitivity test, Escherichia coli, Fish, Mekelle, Retailing shops.

Trend of Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae at New Delhi, India

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Ray ◽  
Manju Bala ◽  
Jogindar Kumar ◽  
R S Misra
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

We aim to monitor the trends of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and to compare the results of antimicrobial sensitivity by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Two hundred and eleven confirmed strains of N. gonorrhoeae were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing by disc diffusion using penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone from 1995 to June 1999. Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were detected by lodometric method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by E test. A low level of penicillin resistance and PPNG detected in 1996 was maintained over the years. Significant increasing trend of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistance with high MIC i.e. 2–96 μg/ml and 1–32 μg/ml respectively were found. Ceftriaxone was found to be the drug of choice, being 100% sensitive. Comparison of resistance pattern by the 2 tests showed satisfactory agreement. Emergence of penicillin, quinolone and tetracyline resistance in N. gonorrhoeae isolates from a major STD centre at New Delhi indicates the need for increased awareness, prudent use of antimicrobials, and evaluation of new antimicrobials for the treatment of gonorrhoea.

scholarly journals Cantilever Sensors for Rapid Optical Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Bennett ◽  
Alice Pyne ◽  
Rachel McKendry
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cantilever Sensors ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Bacterial Immobilization ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractGrowing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global threat to human health. Current methods to detect resistance include phenotypic antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) which measures bacterial growth and is therefore hampered by slow time to result (~12-24 hours). Therefore new rapid phenotypic methods for AST are urgently needed. Nanomechanical cantilever sensors have recently shown promise for rapid AST but challenges of bacterial immobilization can lead to variable results. Herein a novel cantilever-based method is described for detecting phenotypic antibiotic resistance within ~45 minutes, capable of detecting single bacteria. This method does not require complex, variable bacterial immobilization, and instead uses the laser and detector system to detect single bacterial cells in media as they pass through the laser focus. This provides a simple read out of bacterial antibiotic resistance by detecting growth (resistant) or death (sensitive), much faster than current methods. The potential of this technique demonstrated by determining resistance in both lab and clinical strains of E. coli, a key species for clinically burdensome urinary tract infections. This work provides the basis for a simple and fast diagnostic tool to detect antibiotic resistance in bacteria, reducing the health and economic burdens of AMR.

Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - MIC) của một số loại kháng sinh đến vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá dìa thương phẩm mắc bệnh lở loét (Siganus guttatus, Bloch, 1787)

2015 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lê Văn Bảo Duy ◽  
Dương Thị Thủy ◽  
Nguyễn Ngọc Phước ◽  
Trương Thị Hoa ◽  
Nguyễn Đức Quỳnh Anh
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Tubiashii

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm xác định nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - MIC) của một số loại kháng sinh đến vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá dìa thương phẩm mắc bệnh lở loét (Siganus guttatus). Từ kết quả phân lập định danh cho thấy 2 chủng Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPMP22 và Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 có mặt trên các vết lở loét ở cá dìa thương phẩm. Kết quả thử nghiệm MIC cho thấy các loại kháng sinh Cefuroxim, Cefotaxim, Tetracycline, Erythromicin, Rifamicin có nồng độ ức chế vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPMP22 tốt nhất dưới 0.21 µg/ml. Các kháng sinh có Cefuroxim, Cefotaxim, Oxytetraciline, Erythromicin, Trimethoprim nồng độ ức chế vi khuẩn Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 tốt nhất dưới 1.25 µg/ml. Penicillin có nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu cao nhất đối với cả 2 chủng vi khuẩn trên (80 µg/ml), cho thấy 2 chủng vi khuẩn trên đã có sự kháng thuốc đối với loại kháng sinh này. Do đó, trong phòng trị bệnh lở loét trên cá dìa nên sử dụng Cefuroxim và Cefotaxim để có hiệu quả cao nhất trong phòng trị bệnh.

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