scholarly journals Multiscale Models in the Biomechanics of Plant Growth

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver E. Jensen ◽  
John A. Fozard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Multiscale Models ◽  
Multiple Cell

Plant growth occurs through the coordinated expansion of tightly adherent cells, driven by regulated softening of cell walls. It is an intrinsically multiscale process, with the integrated properties of multiple cell walls shaping the whole tissue. Multiscale models encode physical relationships to bring new understanding to plant physiology and development.

ELECTRO-OSMOSIS, WITH SOME APPLICATIONS TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dainty ◽  
P. C. Croghan ◽  
D. S. Fensom
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Biological Cell ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Electro Osmosis

General expressions for electrokinetic phenomena of relevance in biology are derived using the methods of irreversible thermodynamics and Onsager coefficients, not only for a Helmholtz-Smoluchowski model but also for a factional model and the model of Schmid. These last two models would seem to be more appropriate for biological cell membranes.Some applications of these expressions to plant physiology include the following: the pressure contribution of electro-osmosis to the turgor of Nitella or Chara cells is found to be negligible; the power used by an electro-osmotic pump can never be less than that used by a pressure mechanism; electro-osmosis may account for the present discrepancies between calculations of membrane conductance using tracer ions fluxes and those using applied potential differences; the streaming potentials developed by pressures across biological membranes would be too small to detect, but in large pores such as xylem or phloem vessels or in cell walls small pressures would result in easily measured potentials.

Multiple microarrays of non-adherent cells on a single 3D stimuli-responsive binary polymer-brush pattern

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
pp. 4792-4798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwen Hou ◽  
Runhai Chen ◽  
Jingchuan Liu ◽  
Haozheng Wang ◽  
Qiang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Brush ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Con A ◽  
Binary Polymer ◽  
Cell Microarrays ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Multiple Cell

A hierarchically binary PGAMA/PNIPAM pattern is fabricated, and multiple cell microarrays are formed on this single pattern with the aid of Con A and temperature.

scholarly journals How do cell walls regulate plant growth?

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (419) ◽  
pp. 2275-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Walls

scholarly journals USE OF FORCING SOLUTIONS TO STUDY PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON VANHOUTTE'S SPIRAEA CULTURED IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124e-1124
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
P. E. Read
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Forcing Solution

Vanhoutte's spiraea has been propagated in vitro using explants from softwood growth of dormant stems forced in a solution containing 200 mg/l 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) and 2% sucrose (Yang and Read, 1989). Objectives to further utilize this system were to determine the feasibility of applying plant growth regulators (PGR) via the forcing solution to softwood growth from forced dormant stems and to study the resulting influence on in vitro culture. BA and GA3 were placed in the forcing solution at various concentrations, including a zero PGR control. Explants were cultured on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium containing zero PGR or different amounts of BA or thidiazuron (TDZ) or combinations of BA and IAA. Control explants placed on LS medium supplemented with 5uM BA with or without 1 or 5uM IAA, or with 0.5 or 0.75 uM TDZ alone produced the best shoot proliferation. BA in the forcing solution stimulated micropropagation, while GA3 caused less proliferation than explants from control solutions. Forcing solutions containing PGR are useful for manipulating responses of plant tissues cultured in vitro and for studying PGR influence on woody plant physiology.

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Humic Acid Increase the Bio-Degradation of Diesel Oil in Soil Polluted with Pb and Cd

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghaie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Introduction: Soil remediation is one of the most important fields in environmental studies. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and humic acid (HA) on increasing the bio-degradation of diesel oil in soil polluted with (lead) Pb and cadmium (Cd). Materials and Methods: Treatments included foliar application of IAA (0 (control) and 30 ppm) and soil application of HA (0 (control) and 200 mg/kg soil) in the soil contaminated with Cd (0 (control), 10 and 15 mg/kg soil), Pb (0 (control) and 1600 mg/kg soil), and diesel oil (0 (control), and 8% (W/W)). The sunflower was planted in all soil samples. The plants were harvested after 70 days and Pb and Cd concentrations of plants were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Results: Foliar application of IAA at the rate of 30 mg/l significantly increased the Cd and Pb phytoremediation by 14.8% and 13.4%, respectively. For HA application, it was increased by 11.3% and 10.2%, respectively.  A significant increase was found in degradation percentage of diesel oil in soil by 12.6%, when the soil was treated with 200 mg HA/kg soil. Conclusion: It can be concluded that application of organic amendments such as IAA or HA can be a suitable way for increasing plant growth and increasing plant phytoremediation efficiency, especially in the soil contaminated with diesel oil. However, the phytoremediation efficiency is dependent on the plant physiology and the type of soil pollution that should be considered.

scholarly journals Plant Physiology: FERONIA Defends the Cell Walls against Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. R215-R217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Verger ◽  
Olivier Hamant
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Cell Walls

scholarly journals Uptake of Potassium and Sodium by Seedlings of Sinapis Alba

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
General Model ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Active Anion

Seedlings of Sinapis alba (mustard) have a lower potassium selectivity than those of barley, as shown by the lower ratio of potassium to sodium in the shoots of plants grown on the same solution. The ratio in the shoots is usually lower than in the roots, whereas in barley it is higher. In spite of this difference in selectivity, the uptake of potassium and sodium by mustard has much in common with that by barley. The total potassium and sodium uptake to the shoot is independent of the ratio in the solution; the ratio of potassium to sodium in the shoot is proportional to that in the roots, but not to that in solution; and potassium selectivity can be reduced by transpiration. Thus it appears that the same general model for ion uptake can be used for both plants, although they have different levels of selectivity. In this model it is suggested that total potassium and sodium uptake is controlled by an active anion transport coupled with plant growth by means of metabolism, but selectivity is determined during movement of ions into the stele through cytoplasm and cell walls.

scholarly journals Plant cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern-triggered immunity modulate jointly plant stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Engelsdorf ◽  
Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽  
Manikandan Veerabagu ◽  
Joseph F. McKenna ◽  
Frauke Augstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Maintenance Mechanism ◽  
Signaling Components

AbstractPlant cells are surrounded by walls, which must often meet opposing functional requirements during plant growth and defense. The cells meet them by modifying wall structure and composition in a tightly controlled and adaptive manner. The modifications seem to be mediated by a dedicated cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. Currently the mode of action of the mechanism is not understood and it is unclear how its activity is coordinated with established plant defense signaling. We investigated responses to induced cell wall damage (CWD) impairing CWI and the underlying mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Interestingly inhibitor- and enzyme-derived CWD induced similar, turgor-sensitive stress responses. Genetic analysis showed that the receptor-like kinase (RLK) FEI2 and the mechano-sensitive, plasma membrane-localized Ca2+- channel MCA1 function downstream of the THE1 RLK in CWD perception. Phenotypic clustering with 27 genotypes identified a core group of RLKs and ion channels, required for activation of CWD responses. By contrast, the responses were repressed by pattern-triggered immune (PTI) signaling components including PEPR1 and 2, the receptors for the immune signaling peptide AtPep1. Interestingly AtPep1 application repressed CWD-induced phytohormone accumulation in a PEPR1/2-dependent manner. These results suggest that PTI suppresses CWD-induced defense responses through elicitor peptide-mediated signaling during defense response activation. If PTI is impaired, the suppression of CWD-induced responses is alleviated, thus compensating for defective PTI.Significance statementStress resistance and plant growth determine food crop yield and efficiency of bioenergy production from ligno-cellulosic biomass. Plant cell walls are essential elements of the biological processes, therefore functional integrity of the cell walls must be maintained throughout. Here we investigate the plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. We characterize its mode of action, identify essential signaling components and show that the AtPep1 signaling peptide apparently coordinates pattern triggered immunity (PTI) and cell wall integrity maintenance in plants. These results suggest how PTI and cell wall modification coordinately regulate biotic stress responses with plants possibly compensating for PTI impairment through enhanced activation of stress responses regulated by the CWI maintenance mechanism.

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