scholarly journals Analysis and Design of Behavioral Experiments to Characterize Population Learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1776-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Smith ◽  
Mark R. Stefani ◽  
Bita Moghaddam ◽  
Emery N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Group Learning ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Population Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations

In population learning studies, between-subject response differences are an important source of variance that must be characterized to identify accurately the features of the learning process common to the population. Although learning is a dynamic process, current population analyses do not use dynamic estimation methods, do not compute both population and individual learning curves, and use learning criteria that are less than optimal. We develop a state-space random effects (SSRE) model to estimate population and individual learning curves, ideal observer curves, and learning trials, and to make dynamic assessments of learning between two populations and within the same population that avoid multiple hypothesis tests. In an 80-trial study of an NMDA antagonist's effect on the ability of rats to execute a set-shift task, our dynamic assessments of learning demonstrated that both the treatment and control groups learned, yet, by trial 35, the treatment group learning was significantly impaired relative to control. We used our SSRE model in a theoretical study to evaluate the design efficiency of learning experiments in terms of the number of animals per group and number of trials per animal required to characterize learning differences between two populations. Our results demonstrated that a maximum difference in the probability of a correct response between the treatment and control group learning curves of 0.07 (0.20) would require 15 to 20 (5 to 7) animals per group in an 80 (60)-trial experiment. The SSRE model offers a practical approach to dynamic analysis of population learning and a theoretical framework for optimal design of learning experiments.

scholarly journals HbA1c levels in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Ricardo Silva Tavares ◽  
Fábio Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Isabel Cristina Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Weslley Carvalho Soares ◽  
Mauro Meira Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Summary Objective: To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants and compare the results of this test with those of a control group. Method: This was an experimental study based on the comparison of HbA1c tests in two different populations, with a test group represented by individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants (AS and AC) and a control group consisting of people with electrophoretic profile AA. The two populations were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: Normal levels of fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea and triglycerides, bilirubin > 20 mg/dL and non-use of acetylsalicylic acid. 50 heterozygous subjects and 50 controls were evaluated between August 2013 and May 2014. The comparison of HbA1c levels between heterozygous individuals and control subjects was performed based on standard deviation, mean and G-Test. Results: The study assessed a test group and a control group, both with 39 adults and 11 children. The mean among heterozygous adults for HbA1c was 5.0%, while the control group showed a rate of 5.74%. Heterozygous children presented mean HbA1c at 5.11%, while the controls were at 5.78%. G-Test yielded p=0.93 for children and p=0.89 for adults. Conclusion: Our study evaluated HbA1c using ion exchange chromatography resins, and the patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants showed no significant difference from the control group.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN PROGRAM GOOGLE SKETCHUP DALAM PEMBELAJARAN GEOMETRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUKASI MATEMATIKA SISWA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Sunata Sunata
Keyword(s):  
Direct Instruction ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Normalized Gain ◽  
Google Sketchup ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations

ABSTRACT This study intended to investigation the impovement of students mathematical communication by using Google SketchUp and direct Instruction, the interaction between students' learning ability and learning method in term of mathematical communication skills, and also students' attitudes toward Google SketchUp. The study used quasi experimental design and employed control group with pretest  and control final test. The population of study was eight grade students at of one a public Junior High schools in Lembang and two classes was choosen as a sample. Experimental group was used Google SketchUp and control group was used direct Instruction learning. The data were collected though students understanding of mathematical communication test, Likert scales, and student journal. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data were analyzed using pretest and posttest and the normalized gain of mathematical communication, and also conducted test both of groups which are performed the mean difference test between two populations and two-ways ANOVA. The qualitative data were analyzed using students' attitudes toward Google SketchUp learning. The finding of this study suggested that Google SketchUp learning was effective in improving students' of mathematical communication . More over, result showed that there is interaction between students' learning ability (high, medium, and low) in terms of students' mathematical communication and also positive students' attitude toward Google SketchUp learning. Key words:  Google SketchUp program and mathematical communication   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan Program Google SketchUp dan pembelajaran langsung, interaksi antara pembelajaran  yang digunakan dengan kategori kemampuan siswa dalam hal kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa, serta sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan Program Google SketchUp. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol tes awal dan tes akhir. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di salah satu SMP Negeri di Lembang dengan sampel penelitian siswa  kelas VIII sebanyak dua kelas yang dipilih secara purposif. Kelompok eksperimen memperoleh pembelajaran dengan Program Google SketchUp dan kelompok kontrol memperoleh pembelajaran langsung. Untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis, skala  sikap,  dan  jurnal  siswa.  Analisis  data  dilakukan  secara  kuantitatif   dan                                                                                                                                                   kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap data tes awal, tes akhir, dan gain ternormalisasi kemampuan komunikasi matematis, serta terhadap data tes kedua kelompok dilakukan uji perbedaan rata-rata antara dua populasi dan ANOVA dua jalur. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan untuk menelaah sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran Program Google SketchUp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran Program Google SketchUp lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran langsung, terdapat suatu interaksi antara pembelajaran yang digunakan dengan kategori kemampuan (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah) siswa dalam hal kemampuan komunikasi matematis, serta sikap siswa positif terhadap pembelajaran dengan Program Google SketchUp. Kata kunci: Program Google SketchUp, Komunikasi Matematis

scholarly journals PENGARUH PRAKTIKUM BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DENGAN MODEL INKUIRI TERHADAP SIKAP ILMIAH DAN HASIL BELAJAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Siti Maesarah ◽  
Baiq Asma Nufida
Keyword(s):  
Group Learning ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Scientific Attitude ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

This study aims to determine the effect of the experiment based environmentalon scientific attitude of the student and learning achievement on acidandalkali subject. This study was quasi-experimental with Posttest-Only ControlGroup Design. The sample consists of two intact group, experimental group(learning by experiment based environmental method) and control group(learning by traditional method) choosen by purposive sampling technic. Datacollection of scientific attitude using questionnaires and observation sheets,while learning outcomes data collected by an objective test. Data analyzedwith descriptive statistic and non parametric statistic (Mann Whitney test).The result show that student’s scientific attitude score of experiment group is83.35 at very high category while the control group is 77.82 at the highcategory. The average score of learning achievement 86.40 for experimentalgroup higher than control groupis 70.87. Beside that Mann-Whitney testobtained sig. less than 0.05 (p <0.005). Thus, it can be concluded that theexperiment based environmental methods affect the scientific attitude andstudent learning achievement on acid-base subject.

scholarly journals ICT as a Tool to Foster Teaching and Learning in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
GANIYU ABIODUN SALIHU ◽  
NURA SIDI UMAR
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Integration Of Ict ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Education Administrators ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Advancement in technology has brought about information technology. Information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the methods of carrying out activities in different areas of human endeavours. As a result of the world rapidly adopting digital media and information, the roles of ICT in assuring quality education is becoming important and the importance is expected to continue growing.  In this paper, the effectiveness of adopting ICT as a tool for Teaching/Learning Processes and academic performance was investigated and issues militating against integration of ICT were reviewed. A total of 90 questionnaires were administered to respondents who were students selected randomly from three polytechnics in Nigeria. The selected students were classified into experimental group (learning using ICT) and control group (learning without ICT).  Interviews were also employed for selected lecturers. The results show that the use of ICT as a tool for learning has improved the learning outcome of the selected students and the use of ICT for teaching has made teaching very interesting to students with consequential increase in performance of students. Integration of ICT into Teaching and Learning is considered to be a necessary issue for students, educators and education administrators to assure better understandings and effective teachings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques Therapy towards Learning Concentration Level of Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Matalia Gandari ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Arya Sentana
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotional Freedom Techniques ◽  
And Control

Background. Concentration can determine individual learning achievement. Concentration can be enhanced by implementing Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) therapy method, because EFT can increase the learning concentration by stimulating the limbic system. The study aimed at identifying the effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Therapy on Student Learning Concentration. Methods. The research method used in this study was quasi experimental design with the untreated control group design with dependent pre-test and post-test samples. The number of samples in the study was 30 respondents, divided into intervention and control groups using non-probability sampling technique of purposive sampling. The intervention group was given EFT within 30 minutes, three times, and for two weeks. Before and after intervention, the level of learning concentration was measured by using a psychological scale. Data analysis used in this study was t-test. Results. The results showed that there was a significant differences between learning concentration level before and after being implemented EFT intervention (p<0.05) and there was a significant difference in the concentration of learning after being given the intervention between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion. It could be concluded that EFT can improve the concentration of individual learning especially adolescents. The use of EFT is supported by empirical evidence, using simple techniques, easy to be conducted by anyone, and gives no side effects.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

TEACHING READING BY UTILIZING HOT POTATOES SOFTWARE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Abdullah Farih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to measure whether there is or not significant effect of teaching reading by utilizing Hot Potatoes software toward students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The variables used were the teaching treatment of Hot Potatoes Software as the independent variable and the students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text as dependent variable. Then, the research designed was Quasi-experimental design and the presentation of data used was quantitative. The data were obtained from the eleventh grade, of which 28 students were taken as sample. The students are divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of 12 students and control group consists of 16 students. To get the data, the pre-test and post-test were applied and then analyzed using t-test formula. The researcher had concluded that there is Significant effect of Hot Potatoes Software toward the students’ reading comprehension achievement. The result showed that mean of students’ post-test was increased. It is proved by the t-test (8.54) which is higher than t-table (2.05) at level of significance 5%. It means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and it proved that Hot Potatoes Software had significant effect toward students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text

Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Siti Asiyah ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
And Control

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant.  That  cause of  high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of  fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of  this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of  iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical.  Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is  cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of  iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN APTITUDE TREATMENT INTERACTION (ATI) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 25 PEKANBARU

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Herlina '
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Aptitude Treatment Interaction ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
And Control

This research intent to see how big influence of approaching aptitude treatment interaction (ATI) to mathematics concept grasp student brazes VIII SMP Country 25 Pekanbaru. This research constitute my research experiment attention. Subjec in observational it is student braze VIII4 as agglomerate as experiment by totals student 40 person and VIII3'S classes as agglomerate as controls by totals students 40. Base analisis data to pretes's score to know student startup ability on agglomerate experiment and control group. On student experiment group that will study by ATI'S approaching has average early learned result mathematics (pretes) as big as 17,15. Meanwhile on group controls student who will study by ordinary learning (conventional) have average early learned result mathematics (pretes) as big as 13,85. Analisis is data to postes's score on agglomerate learned student experiment with ATI'S approaching has average final learned result mathematics (postes) as big as 74,63. Meanwhile on group controls learned student with ordinary learning (conventional) have average final learned result mathematics (postes) as big as 62,93. Of quiz result distinctive both of average usufruct to study mathematics finals (postes) that points out that there is difference which signifikan among both of experiment class with control class.Keywords: aptitude treatment interaction (ATI), mathematics concept

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