Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes after 2 h of intensive resistance training

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nieman ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
V. A. Brown ◽  
D. A. Henson ◽  
C. L. Dumke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tnf Α

Thirty strength-trained subjects were randomized to carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) groups and lifted weights for 2 h (10 exercises, 4 sets each, 10 repetitions, with 2- to 3-min rest intervals). Subjects received 10 ml·kg-1·h-1 CHO (6%) or Pla beverages during the weight training bout. Blood, saliva, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Blood cell counts were determined, and plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, and cortisol. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, IFN-γ, TNF-α) by use of real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Significant but modest increases were measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but the pattern of increase did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. The rate of decrease in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla ( P = 0.463). Muscle cytokine mRNA was detected preexercise for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, and TNF-α, and of these, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly increased after the 2-h weight training bout. The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. In summary, CHO vs. Pla ingestion did not alter modest increases measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, and muscle gene expression for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in strength-trained subjects lifting weights intensively for 2 h.

Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nieman ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
D. A. Henson ◽  
J. Walberg-Rankin ◽  
M. Shute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Tnf Α

Sixteen experienced marathoners ran on treadmills for 3 h at ∼70% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) on two occasions while receiving 1 l/h carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) beverages. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, cortisol, glucose, and insulin. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Plasma glucose and insulin were higher, and cortisol, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra, but not IL-8, were significantly lower postexercise in CHO vs. Pla. Change in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla ( P = 0.246). Muscle cytokine mRNA content was detected preexercise for seven cytokines in this order (highest to lowest): IL-15, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-12p35, IL-6, and IFN-γ. After subjects ran for 3 h, gene expression above prerun levels was measured for five of these cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (large increases), and IL-10 and TNF-α (small increases). The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) was attenuated in CHO (15.9-fold) compared with Pla (35.2-fold) for IL-6 ( P = 0.071) and IL-8 (CHO, 7.8-fold; Pla, 23.3-fold; P = 0.063). CHO compared with Pla beverage ingestion attenuates the increase in plasma IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra and gene expression for IL-6 and IL-8 in athletes running 3 h at 70%V˙o 2 max despite no differences in muscle glycogen content.

Effects of eccentric treadmill exercise on inflammatory gene expression in human skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Buford ◽  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Brian D. Shelmadine ◽  
Geoffrey M. Hudson ◽  
Liz Redd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Tnf Α

The present study examined the skeletal muscle expression of several genes related to the inflammatory process before and after a bout of downhill running. Twenty-nine males between the ages of 18 and 35 years performed a 45-min downhill (–17.5%) treadmill protocol at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption. Venous bloods samples and muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis were donated prior to and at 3-h and 24-h postexercise, along with ratings of perceived muscle soreness. Serum creatine kinase (CK) was determined, as was skeletal muscle gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12 (p35), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) (p105/p50). Gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and compared with a standard housekeeping gene (β-actin). Data were analyzed for statistical differences using multivariate analysis of variance with univariate follow-up. In addition, Pearson correlations were conducted to determine if any significant relationship exists between any of these transcripts and both CK and muscle soreness. Significant (p < 0.05) up-regulations in IL-6, IL-8, and COX2 mRNA expression were observed compared with baseline, whereas no significant changes for IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, or NFkB were noted. Significant increases in IL-6 mRNA were observed at 3 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h (p = 0.043), whereas significant increases in IL-8 (p = 0.001) and COX2 (p = 0.046) mRNA were observed at 3-h postexercise. In addition, muscle soreness was significantly correlated with IL-8 at 24 h (r = –0.370; p = 0.048), whereas CK was significantly related to NFkB at baseline (r = –0.460; p = 0.012). These data indicate that increases in the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, and COX2 occur in the vastus lateralis as a result of damaging eccentric exercise in young, recreationally trained males. Further, it appears that IL-8 transcription may play some role in inhibiting postexercise muscle soreness, possibly through regulation of angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Heightened muscle inflammation susceptibility may impair regenerative capacity in aging humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward K. Merritt ◽  
Michael J. Stec ◽  
Anna Thalacker-Mercer ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
James M. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α

The regenerative response of skeletal muscle to mechanically induced damage is impaired with age. Previous work in our laboratory suggests this may result from higher proinflammatory signaling in aging muscle at rest and/or a greater inflammatory response to damage. We, therefore, assessed skeletal muscle proinflammatory signaling at rest and 24 h after unaccustomed, loaded knee extension contractions that induced modest muscle damage (72% increase in serum creatine kinase) in a cohort of 87 adults across three age groups (AGE40, AGE61, and AGE76). Vastus lateralis muscle gene expression and protein cell signaling of the IL-6 and TNF-α pathways were determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblot analysis. For in vitro studies, cell signaling and fusion capacities were compared among primary myoblasts from young (AGE28) and old (AGE64) donors treated with TNF-α. Muscle expression was higher (1.5- to 2.1-fold) in AGE76 and AGE61 relative to AGE40 for several genes involved in IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis signaling. Indexes of activation for the proinflammatory transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and NF-κB were highest in AGE76. Resistance loading reduced gene expression of IL-6 receptor, muscle RING finger 1, and atrogin-1, and increased TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor expression. Donor myoblasts from AGE64 showed impaired differentiation and fusion in standard media and greater NF-κB activation in response to TNF-α treatment (compared with AGE28). We show for the first time that human aging is associated with muscle inflammation susceptibility (i.e., higher basal state of proinflammatory signaling) that is present in both tissue and isolated myogenic cells and likely contributes to the impaired regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in the older population.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced AMPK activation does not interfere with muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in men

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Lundberg ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo ◽  
Per A. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Myostatin Gene

As aerobic exercise (AE) may interfere with adaptations to resistance exercise (RE), this study explored acute and chronic responses to consecutive AE (∼45 min cycling) and RE (4 × 7 maximal knee extensions) vs. RE only. Ten men performed acute unilateral AE + RE interspersed by 15 min recovery. The contralateral leg was subjected to RE. This exercise paradigm was then implemented in a 5-wk training program. Protein phosphorylation, gene expression, and glycogen content were assessed in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of both legs immediately before and 3 h after acute RE. Quadriceps muscle size and in vivo torque were measured, and muscle samples were analyzed for citrate synthase activity and glycogen concentration, before and after training. Acute AE reduced glycogen content (32%; P < 0.05) and increased ( P < 0.05) phosphorylation of AMPK (1.5-fold) and rpS6 (1.3-fold). Phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 remained unchanged. Myostatin gene expression was downregulated after acute AE + RE but not RE. Muscle size showed greater ( P < 0.05) increase after AE + RE (6%) than RE (3%) training. Citrate synthase activity (18%) and endurance performance (22%) increased ( P < 0.05) after AE + RE but not RE. While training increased ( P < 0.05) in vivo muscle strength in both legs, normalized and concentric torque increased after RE only. Thus AE activates AMPK, reduces glycogen stores, and impairs the progression of concentric force, yet muscle hypertrophic responses to chronic RE training appear not to be compromised.

Assessment of cancer prevention effect of exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reza Vafaee ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Sina Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Mohammadreza Razzaghi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Training Intervention

There are many documents about benefits of exercise on human health. However, evidences indicate to positive effect of exercise on disease prevention, understanding of many aspects of this mechanism need more investigations. Determination of critical genes which effect human health. GSE156249 including 12 gene expression profiles of healthy individual biopsy from vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12-week combined exercise training intervention were extracted from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The significant DEGs were included in interactome unit by Cytoscape software and STRING database. The network was analyzed to find the central nodes subnetwork clusters. The nodes of prominent cluster were assessed via gene ontology by using ClueGO. Number of 8 significant DEGs and 100 first neighbors analyzed via network analysis. The network includes 2 clusters and COL3A1, BGN, and LOX were determined as central DEGs. The critical DEGs were involved in cancer prevention process.

Effect of training on the dose-response relationship for insulin action in men

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Mikines ◽  
B. Sonne ◽  
P. A. Farrell ◽  
B. Tronier ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness

Seven endurance-trained subjects [maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) 64 +/- 1 (SE) ml.min-1.kg-1] were subjected to three sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps 15 h after having performed their last training session (T). Results were compared with findings in seven untrained subjects (VO2max 44 +/- 2 ml.min-1.kg-1) studied both at rest (UT) and after 60 min of bicycle exercise at 150 W (UT-ex). In T and UT-ex compared with UT, sensitivity for insulin-mediated whole-body glucose uptake was higher [insulin concentrations eliciting half-maximal glucose uptake being 44 +/- 2 (T) and 43 +/- 4 (UT-ex) vs. 52 +/- 3 microU/ml (UT), P less than 0.05] and responsiveness was higher [13.4 +/- 1.2 (T) and 10.9 +/- 0.7 (UT-ex) vs. 9.5 +/- 0.7 mg.min-1.kg-1 (UT), P less than 0.05]. Furthermore, responsiveness was higher (P less than 0.05) in T than in UT-ex. Insulin-stimulated O2 uptake and maximal glucose oxidation rate were higher in T than in UT and UT-ex. Insulin-stimulated conversion or glucose to glycogen and muscle glycogen synthase was higher in T than in UT and UT-ex. However, glycogen storage in vastus lateralis muscle was found only in UT-ex. No change in any glucoregulatory hormone or metabolite could explain the increased insulin action in trained subjects. It is concluded that physical training induces an adaptive increase in insulin responsiveness of whole-body glucose uptake, which does not reflect increased glycogen deposition in muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans: influence of carbohydrate availability

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McConell ◽  
R. J. Snow ◽  
J. Proietto ◽  
M. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Inosine Monophosphate ◽  
Muscle Energy

Eight endurance-trained men cycled to volitional exhaustion at 69 ± 1% peak oxygen uptake on two occasions to examine the effect of carbohydrate supplementation during exercise on muscle energy metabolism. Subjects ingested an 8% carbohydrate solution (CHO trial) or a sweet placebo (Con trial) in a double-blind, randomized order, with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies ( n = 7) obtained before and immediately after exercise. No differences in oxygen uptake, heart rate, or respiratory exchange ratio during exercise were observed between the trials. Exercise time to exhaustion was increased by ∼30% when carbohydrate was ingested [199 ± 21 vs. 152 ± 9 (SE) min, P < 0.05]. Plasma glucose and insulin levels during exercise were higher and plasma free fatty acids lower in the CHO trial. No differences between trials were observed in the decreases in muscle glycogen and phosphocreatine or the increases in muscle lactate due to exercise. Muscle ATP levels were not altered by exercise in either trial. There was a small but significant increase in muscle inosine monophosphate levels at the point of exhaustion in both trials, and despite the subjects in CHO trial cycling 47 min longer, their muscle inosine monophosphate level was significantly lower than in the Con trial (CHO: 0.16 ± 0.08, Con: 0.23 ± 0.09 mmol/kg dry muscle). These data suggest that carbohydrate ingestion may increase endurance capacity, at least in part, by improving muscle energy balance.

Effects of cocaine on plasma catecholamine and muscle glycogen concentrations during exercise in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Conlee ◽  
D. W. Barnett ◽  
K. P. Kelly ◽  
D. H. Han
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Insight Into

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cocaine (C) alters the normal physiological responses to exercise. Male rats were injected with saline (S) or C (12.5 mg/kg) either intravenously (iv) or intraperitoneally (ip). After injection the animals were allowed to rest for 30 min or were run on the treadmill (26 m/min, 10% grade). At rest plasma epinephrine values were 245 +/- 24 pg/ml in the S group and 411 +/- 43 (ip) and 612 +/- 41 (iv) pg/ml in the C groups (P less than 0.05 between S and C). During exercise plasma epinephrine levels were 615 +/- 32 pg/ml in S and 1,316 +/- 58 (ip) and 1,208 +/- 37 (iv) pg/ml in the C groups (P less than 0.05 between S and C). Similar results were obtained for norepinephrine. Glycogen content in the white vastus lateralis muscle was reduced to 31 +/- 2 mumol/g in S after exercise, but after C and exercise the values were 12 +/- 4 (ip) and 16 +/- 3 (iv) mumol/g (P less than 0.05 between S and C). There was no effect of the drug on this parameter at rest. Blood lactate rose to 4.8 +/- 1.0 (ip) and 5.8 +/- 1.3 (iv) mM in the C groups but to only 3.0 +/- 0.2 in the S group after exercise (P less than 0.05 between S and C). These results show that C and exercise combined exert a more dramatic effect on plasma catecholamine, muscle glycogen, and blood lactate concentrations than do C and exercise alone. They provide further insight into explaining the adverse effects of C on exercise endurance observed previously (Bracken et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 377-383, 1989).

Depressed Na+-K+-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle at fatigue is correlated with increased Na+-K+-ATPase mRNA expression following intense exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. R266-R274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Petersen ◽  
K. T. Murphy ◽  
R. J. Snow ◽  
J. A. Leppik ◽  
R. J. Aughey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Ouabain Binding ◽  
Atpase Gene

We investigated whether depressed muscle Na+-K+-ATPase activity with exercise reflected a loss of Na+-K+-ATPase units, the time course of its recovery postexercise, and whether this depressed activity was related to increased Na+-K+-ATPase isoform gene expression. Fifteen subjects performed fatiguing, knee extensor exercise at ∼40% maximal work output per contraction. A vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was taken at rest, fatigue, 3 h, and 24 h postexercise and analyzed for maximal Na+-K+-ATPase activity via 3- O-methylfluorescein phosphatase (3- O-MFPase) activity, Na+-K+-ATPase content via [3H]ouabain binding sites, and Na+-K+-ATPase α1-, α2-, α3-, β1-, β2- and β3-isoform mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR. Exercise [352 (SD 267) s] did not affect [3H]ouabain binding sites but decreased 3- O-MFPase activity by 10.7 (SD 8)% ( P < 0.05), which had recovered by 3 h postexercise, without further change at 24 h. Exercise elevated α1-isoform mRNA by 1.5-fold at fatigue ( P < 0.05). This increase was inversely correlated with the percent change in 3- O-MFPase activity from rest to fatigue (%Δ3- O-MFPaserest-fatigue) ( r = −0.60, P < 0.05). The average postexercise (fatigue, 3 h, 24 h) α1-isoform mRNA was increased 1.4-fold ( P < 0.05) and approached a significant inverse correlation with %Δ3- O-MFPaserest-fatigue ( r = −0.56, P = 0.08). Exercise elevated α2-isoform mRNA at fatigue 2.5-fold ( P < 0.05), which was inversely correlated with %Δ3- O-MFPaserest-fatigue ( r = −0.60, P = 0.05). The average postexercise α2-isoform mRNA was increased 2.2-fold ( P < 0.05) and was inversely correlated with the %Δ3- O-MFPaserest-fatigue ( r = −0.68, P < 0.05). Nonsignificant correlations were found between %Δ3- O-MFPaserest-fatigue and other isoforms. Thus acute exercise transiently decreased Na+-K+-ATPase activity, which was correlated with increased Na+-K+-ATPase gene expression. This suggests a possible signal-transduction role for depressed muscle Na+-K+-ATPase activity with exercise.

scholarly journals Inventory of High-Abundance mRNAs in Skeletal Muscle of Normal Men

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Welle ◽  
Kirti Bhatt ◽  
Charles A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mrna Species ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Polyadenylated Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Transcripts ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Almost All

The serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method was used to generate a catalog of 53,875 short (14 base) expressed sequence tags from polyadenylated RNA obtained from vastus lateralis muscle of healthy young men. Over 12,000 unique tags were detected. The frequency of occurrence of each tag reflects the relative abundance of the corresponding mRNA. The mRNA species that were detected 10 or more times, each comprising ≥0.02% of the mRNA population, accounted for 64% of the mRNA mass but <10% of the total number of mRNA species detected. Almost all of the abundant tags matched mRNA or EST sequences cataloged in GenBank. Mitochondrial transcripts accounted for ∼20% of the polyadenylated RNA. Transcripts encoding proteins of the myofibrils were the most abundant nuclear-encoded mRNAs. Transcripts encoding ribosomal proteins, and those encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism, also were very abundant. The database can be used as a reference for investigations of alterations in gene expression associated with conditions that influence muscle function, such as muscular dystrophies, aging, and exercise.

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