Changes in regional cerebral blood flow distribution during postexercise hypotension in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Williamson ◽  
R. McColl ◽  
D. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Postexercise Hypotension

This investigation compared patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during exercise recovery both with and without postexercise hypotension (PEH). Eight subjects were studied on 3 days with randomly assigned conditions: 1) after 30 min of rest; 2) after 30 min of moderate exercise (M-Ex) at 60-70% heart rate (HR) reserve during PEH; and 3) after 30 min of light exercise (L-Ex) at 20% HR reserve with no PEH. Data were collected for HR, mean blood pressure (MBP), and ratings of perceived exertion and relaxation, and rCBF was assessed by use of single-photon-emission computed tomography. With the use of ANOVA across conditions, there were differences ( P < 0.05; mean ± SD) from rest during exercise recovery from M-Ex (HR = +12 ± 3 beats/min; MBP = -9 ± 2 mmHg), but not from L-Ex (HR = +2 ± 2 beats/min; MBP = -2 ± 2 mmHg). After M-Ex, there were decreases ( P < 0.05) for the anterior cingulate (-6.7 ± 2%), right and left inferior thalamus (-10 ± 3%), right inferior insula (-13 ± 3%), and left inferior anterior insula (-8 ± 3%), not observed after L-Ex. There were rCBF decreases for leg sensorimotor regions after both M-Ex (-15 ± 4%) and L-Ex (-12 ± 3%) and for the left superior anterior insula (-7 ± 3% and -6 ± 3%), respectively. Data show that there are rCBF reductions within specific regions of the insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex coupled with a postexercise hypotensive response after M-Ex. Findings suggest that these cerebral cortical regions, previously implicated in cardiovascular regulation during exercise, may also be involved in PEH.

Brain activation by central command during actual and imagined handgrip under hypnosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Williamson ◽  
R. McColl ◽  
D. Mathews ◽  
J. H. Mitchell ◽  
P. B. Raven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood

The purpose was to compare patterns of brain activation during imagined handgrip exercise and identify cerebral cortical structures participating in “central” cardiovascular regulation. Subjects screened for hypnotizability, five with higher (HH) and four with lower hypnotizability (LH) scores, were tested under two conditions involving 3 min of 1) static handgrip exercise (HG) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 2) imagined HG (I-HG) at 30% MVC. Force (kg), forearm integrated electromyography, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and differences in regional cerebral blood flow distributions were compared using an ANOVA. During HG, both groups showed similar increases in HR (+13 ± 5 beats/min) and MBP (+17 ± 3 mmHg) after 3 min. However, during I-HG, only the HH group showed increases in HR (+10 ± 2 beats/min; P < 0.05) and MBP (+12 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). There were no significant increases or differences in force or integrated electromyographic activity between groups during I-HG. The rating of perceived exertion was significantly increased for the HH group during I-HG, but not for the LH group. In comparison of regional cerebral blood flow, the LH showed significantly lower activity in the anterior cingulate (−6 ± 2%) and insular cortexes (−9 ± 4%) during I-HG. These findings suggest that cardiovascular responses elicited during imagined exercise involve central activation of insular and anterior cingulate cortexes, independent of muscle afferent feedback; these structures appear to have key roles in the central modulation of cardiovascular responses.

Effects of Photobiomodulation on Changes in Cognitive Function and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Uncontrolled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ji Soo Baik ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Nam Gyun Kim ◽  
Kyoungjune Pak ◽  
Sung-Hwa Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
The Brain

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) affects local blood flow regulation through nitric oxide generation, and various studies have reported on its effect on improving cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of PBM in the areas of the vertebral arteries (VA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA), which are the major blood-supplying arteries to the brain, has not been previously investigated. Objective: We aimed to determine whether irradiating PBM in the areas of the VA and ICA, which are the major blood-supplying arteries to the brain, improved regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cognitive function. Methods: Fourteen patients with mild cognitive impairments were treated with PBM. Cognitive assessment and single-photon emission computed tomography were implemented at the baseline and at the end of PBM. Results: Regarding rCBF, statistically significant trends were found in the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and occipital lateral cortex. Based on the cognitive assessments, statistically significant trends were found in overall cognitive function, memory, and frontal/executive function. Conclusion: We confirmed the possibility that PBM treatment in the VA and ICA areas could positively affect cognitive function by increasing rCBF. A study with a larger sample size is needed to validate the potential of PBM.

Reduced regional cerebral blood flow measured by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in microgravity simulated by 5-day dry immersion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Guillon ◽  
Marc Kermorgant ◽  
Thomas Charvolin ◽  
Fabrice Bonneville ◽  
Marie-Pierre Bareille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Dry Immersion ◽  
Hmpao Spect ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose Neuro-ophthalmological changes defined as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome have been reported after long duration space flights. The pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear, with the possible involvement of elevated intracranial pressure. Changes in blood flow in the brain, evaluated indirectly by Doppler, have been reported in flight. However, the effects of microgravity on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) are not known. We therefore investigated changes in rCBF in a 5-day dry immersion (DI) model. Moreover, we tested thigh cuffs as a countermeasure to prevent potential microgravity-induced modifications in rCBF.Methods 18 healthy male participants underwent 5-day DI with or without a thigh cuffs countermeasure. They were randomly allocated to a control (n = 9) or cuffs (n = 9) group. rCBF was measured 4 days before DI (Pre-DI) and at the end of the fifth day of DI (Post-DI), using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO). SPECT images were processed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM12) software.Results At DI5, we observed a significant decrease in rCBF in 32 cortical and subcortical patterns, with greater hypoperfusion in the occipital region (occipital peak level: z = 4.51, puncorr < 0.001) and basal ganglia (putamen peak level: z = 4.71, puncorr < 0.001; caudate nuclei peak level: z = 3.80, puncorr < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the control and cuffs groups on variations in rCBF at DI5.Conclusion 5-day DI induces a relative decrease in rCBF in cortical and subcortical regions. Nevertheless, the consequences of this decrease for brain function and mechanisms need further investigation.

scholarly journals Effect of Toki-Shakuyaku-San on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruyuki Matsuoka ◽  
Jin Narumoto ◽  
Keisuke Shibata ◽  
Aiko Okamura ◽  
Shogo Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of toki-shakuyaku-san (TSS) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). All subjects were administered TSS (7.5 g/day) for eight weeks. SPECT and evaluations using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale were performed before and after treatment with TSS. Three patients with MCI and five patients with AD completed the study. No adverse events occurred during the study period. After treatment with TSS, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the posterior cingulate was significantly higher than that before treatment. No brain region showed a significant decrease in rCBF. TSS treatment also tended to improve the score for orientation to place on the MMSE. These results suggest that TSS could be useful for treatment of MCI and AD.

scholarly journals Brain Correlates of Memory Processes in Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Type: A Spect Activation Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Cardebat ◽  
Jean-François Démonet ◽  
Michèle Puel ◽  
Alain Agniel ◽  
Gerard Viallard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Actual Performance

Task-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during verbal episodic memory activation were compared in 17 right-handed patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 20 healthy volunteers. Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and an injection of 133Xe (xenon, isotope of mass 133) in 21 regions of interest (ROI) during rest, passive listening to 36 words, and memorizing of a 12-word list repeated three times. In healthy subjects, memory—listening comparison showed activation of a distributed system involving several left-sided ROI, especially the posterior inferior frontal region. In patients with DAT, the same pattern of activation was found for listening—rest comparison, and no significant changes were found in memory—listening comparison. During listening compared with rest, significant activation was observed in left-sided hypoperfused regions. A significant correlation between memory performance and rCBF recorded in patients with DAT during the memory task was found only in the right lateral frontal region, a region that was not hypoperfused significantly in patients. The involvement of this region might relate to either retrieval effort or actual performance of patients with DAT on the memory task.

Evaluation of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Haji ◽  
Noriyuki Kimura ◽  
Takuya Hanaoka ◽  
Yasuhiro Aso ◽  
Makoto Takemaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood

Background: This study examined regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with and without subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods: Eleven AD patients with SCH and 141 AD patients without SCH underwent brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The SPECT data were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) and FineSRT. Results: AD patients with SCH showed a significantly decreased rCBF mainly in the temporal lobe and thalamus, whereas those without SCH showed a significantly decreased rCBF in the parietotemporal lobe and cingulate gyrus as well as the frontal lobe. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SCH may affect cerebral perfusion in regions associated with the memory function.

scholarly journals Changes in regional cerebral blood flow due to cognitive activation among patients with schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Toone ◽  
C. I. Okocha ◽  
K. Sivakumar ◽  
G. M. Syed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sort Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood

BackgroundThe regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response to the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) has been used to assess the functional integrity of the prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia.AimsIn this study, patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had made few or many perseverative errors on a modified version of the WCST. A control group consisted of normal volunteers. The groups were then compared with respect to rCBF response to WCST activation.MethodrCBF was measured during administration of a modified version of the WCST and during a card sorting control task, using single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT).ResultsPerformance of the modified WCST was associated with a widespread and substantial increase in rCBF, particularly in the frontal region. The poorly performing group of patients with schizophrenia showed only a modest increase in rCBF in the left anterior cingulate region.ConclusionSubjects with schizophrenia are able to respond to specific neuropsychological challenge with activation of the frontal regions.

Improvement in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Vasoreactivity after Extracranial-Intracranial Arterial Bypass

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunt H. Batjer ◽  
Michael D. Devous ◽  
Phillip D. Purdy ◽  
Bruce Mickey ◽  
Frederick J. Bonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reserve ◽  
Neurological Improvement

Abstract Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with xenon-133 inhalation single photon emission computed tomography in a patient who developed a neurological deficit after carotid ligation. Hemispheric hypoperfusion was noted in resting studies and impaired vasoreactivity was suggested by lack of symmetrical flow augmentation after acetazolamide administration. Because of progressive neurological deterioration, an extracranial-intracranial bypass was performed. After prompt neurological improvement, repeat cerebral blood flow measurements at 1 and 9 weeks postoperatively confirmed improvement in resting flow and vasoreactivity. It is possible that decreased cerebrovascular reserve implied by measurements of vasoreactivity can identify patients who will benefit from surgical revascularization.

Effect of axillary blockade on regional cerebral blood flow during static handgrip

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Friedman ◽  
L. Friberg ◽  
J. H. Mitchell ◽  
N. H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Before And After

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined at rest and during static handgrip before and after regional blockade with lidocaine. A fast rotating single photon emission computer tomograph system with 133Xe inhalation was used at orbitomeatal plane (OM) +2.5 and +6.5 cm in eight subjects. Median handgrip force during the control study was 41 (range 24–68) N, which represented 10% of the initial maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and was 24 (18–36) N after axillary blockade (P less than 0.05), which represented 21% of the new MVC. During static handgrip, the rating of perceived exertion was 14 (10–16) exertion units before and 18 (15–20) after blockade (P less than 0.05). Hemispheric mean CBF did not change during handgrip. However, premotor rCBF increased from 55 (44–63) to 60 (50–69) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) and motor sensory rCBF from 57 (46–65) to 63 (55–71) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) to both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides during handgrip before, but not after, axillary blockade. There was no change in rCBF to other regions of the brain. Regional anesthesia with lidocaine did not alter resting rCBF. However, despite a greater sense of effort during static handgrip, there was no increase in rCBF after partial sensory and motor blockade. Thus bilateral activation occurs in the premotor and motor sensory cortex during static handgrip, and this activation requires neural feedback from the contracting muscles.

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