Eugenol attenuates pulmonary damage induced by diesel exhaust particles

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Zin ◽  
Ana G. L. S. Silva ◽  
Clarissa B. Magalhães ◽  
Giovanna M. C. Carvalho ◽  
Douglas R. Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Diesel Particles

Environmentally relevant doses of inhaled diesel particles elicit pulmonary inflammation and impair lung mechanics. Eugenol, a methoxyphenol component of clove oil, presents in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Our aim was to examine a possible protective role of eugenol against lung injuries induced by diesel particles. Male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. Mice received saline (10 μl in; CTRL group) or 15 μg of diesel particles DEP (15 μg in; DIE and DEUG groups). After 1 h, mice received saline (10 μl; CTRL and DIE groups) or eugenol (164 mg/kg; EUG and DEUG group) by gavage. Twenty-four hours after gavage, pulmonary resistive (ΔP1), viscoelastic (ΔP2) and total (ΔPtot) pressures, static elastance (Est), and viscoelastic component of elastance (ΔE) were measured. We also determined the fraction areas of normal and collapsed alveoli, amounts of polymorpho- (PMN) and mononuclear cells in lung parenchyma, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Est, ΔP2, ΔPtot, and ΔE were significantly higher in the DIE than in the other groups. DIE also showed significantly more PMN, airspace collapse, and apoptosis than the other groups. However, no beneficial effect on lipid peroxidation was observed in DEUG group. In conclusion, eugenol avoided changes in lung mechanics, pulmonary inflammation, and alveolar collapse elicited by diesel particles. It attenuated the activation signal of caspase-3 by DEP, but apoptosis evaluated by TUNEL was avoided. Finally, it could not avoid oxidative stress as indicated by malondialdehyde.

The effect of a leukodepletion model on the activation stage of platelets

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Miodrag Vucic ◽  
Ivan Tijanic ◽  
Nenad Govedarevic ◽  
Lana Macukanovic ◽  
Zoran Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Cell Counter ◽  
Automatic Cell Counter

AbstractThe preparation of thrombocyte concentrates with filtration before storage (in-line) makes it possible to avoid the presence of mononuclear cells in the concentrate and proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this filtration may result with decreased activation of trombocyte receptors in vitro, which may improve therapeutic efficiancy. Methods. We compared two groups, each with 30 therapeutic doses of concentrated thrombocytes. We prepared the first group using the classic model from the buffy coat and the other with concentrated thrombocyte samples filtrated during sampling, so-called in-line, with the WBC filter Imuflex (Terumo). Mononuclear cells (MNC), thrombocyte, and erythrocyte counts in the units of concentrated thrombocytes were obtained on an automatic cell counter, and we used flow cytometry to measure the expression of surface thrombocyte receptors. The results demonstrated that the trombocytes prepared with pre-storage filtration contained a very low level of mononuclear cells and markedly reduced trombocyte receptors. Conclusion. The number of MNC and expression of surface thrombocyte receptors were markedly lower in the concentrated thrombocyte units prepared with in-line filtration. The thrombocytes prepared in this way contain fewer mononuclear cells, are of higher quality, are more functional, and may produce a better therapeutic effect in vivo.

scholarly journals Protection of the vascular endothelium in experimental situations

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ružena Sotníková ◽  
Jana Nedelčevová ◽  
Jana Navarová ◽  
Viera Nosáľová ◽  
Katarína Drábiková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Protection of the vascular endothelium in experimental situationsOne of the factors proposed as mediators of vascular dysfunction observed in diabetes is the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This provides support for the use of antioxidants as early and appropriate pharmacological intervention in the development of late diabetic complications. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats we observed endothelial dysfuction manifested by reduced endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta, as well as by increased endothelaemia. Changes in endothelium-dependent relaxation of SMA were induced by injury of the nitric oxide radical (·NO)-signalling pathway since the endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF)-component of relaxation was not impaired by diabetes. The endothelial dysfunction was accompanied by decreased ·NO bioavailabity as a consequence of reduced activity of eNOS rather than its reduced expression. The results obtained using the chemiluminiscence method (CL) argue for increased oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The enzyme NAD(P)H-oxidase problably participates in ROS production in the later phases of diabetes. Oxidative stress was also connected with decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the early phase of diabetes. After 10 weeks of diabetes, adaptational mechanisms probably took place because GSH levels were not changed compared to controls. Antioxidant properties of SMe1EC2 foundin vitrowere partly confirmedin vivo.Administration of SMe1EC2 protected endothelial function. It significantly decreased endothelaemia of diabetic rats and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of arteries, slightly decreased ROS-production and increased bioavailability of ·NO in the aorta. Further studies with higher doses of SMe1EC2 may clarify the mechanism of its endothelium-protective effectin vivo.

Diesel particles increase phosphatidylcholine release through a NO pathway in alveolar type II cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. L1075-L1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Juvin ◽  
Thierry Fournier ◽  
Martine Grandsaigne ◽  
Jean-Marie Desmonts ◽  
Michel Aubier
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diesel Particles ◽  
Nos Inhibitor

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have been shown in vivo as well as in vitro to affect the respiratory function and in particular the immune response to infection and allergens. In the current study, we investigated the effect of DEPs on the production of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a major constituent of surfactant, by rat alveolar type II (ATII) primary cells in vitro. Our results demonstrate that incubation of ATII cells with DEPs lead to a time- and dose-dependent increase in labeled PC release. This effect was mimicked by nitric oxide (NO) donors and cGMP and was abolished by inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS). In addition, a NOS inhibitor inhibits by itself the basal secretion of PC. We next examined the effects of DEPs on NOS gene expression and showed that DEPs increase NO production and upregulate both protein content and mRNA levels of the inducible NOS (NOS II). Together our data demonstrate that DEPs alter the production of surfactant by ATII cells through a NO-dependent signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Antioxidant supplementation slows telomere shortening in free-living white stork chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1918) ◽  
pp. 20191917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pineda-Pampliega ◽  
Amparo Herrera-Dueñas ◽  
Ellis Mulder ◽  
José I. Aguirre ◽  
Ursula Höfle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
White Stork ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Shortening Rate

Telomere length (TL) and shortening is increasingly shown to predict variation in survival and lifespan, raising the question of what causes variation in these traits. Oxidative stress is well known to accelerate telomere attrition in vitro , but its importance in vivo is largely hypothetical. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by supplementing white stork ( Ciconia ciconia ) chicks with antioxidants. Individuals received either a control treatment, or a supply of tocopherol (vitamin E) and selenium, which both have antioxidant properties. The antioxidant treatment increased the concentration of tocopherol for up to two weeks after treatment but did not affect growth. Using the telomere restriction fragment technique, we evaluated erythrocyte TL and its dynamics. Telomeres shortened significantly over the 21 days between the baseline and final sample, independent of sex, mass, size and hatching order. The antioxidant treatment significantly mitigated shortening rate of average TL (−31% in shorter telomeres; percentiles 10th, 20th and 30th). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress shortens telomeres in vivo .

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of Pyrano-[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles Derivatives and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Boutaina Addoum ◽  
◽  
Bouchra El khalfi ◽  
Mohamed Idiken ◽  
Souraya Sakoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Nitrative Stress

Background: Antioxidants are developed to assist the immune system and overcome oxidative stress, the aggression of cellular constituents due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the inner antioxidant system. The main objective of this study was to search for new and potent antioxidants to protect humans against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Methods: In this study, three pyrano-[2,3-c]-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized via Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) approach and were characterized, using a melting point, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and spectroscopic analyses (IR; 1H-NMR; 13C-NMR). All of the generated compounds were screened for their antioxidant properties in vivo, using ciliate “Tetrahymena” as a model organism exposed to oxidative and nitrative stress. They were then studied in vitro by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Results: The results demonstrated that the three compounds (5a, b, c) are biologically active and possess potent antioxidant activities, especially the 5a and 5b derivatives. On the other hand, the in vitro bioassays revealed that the 5a derivative possessed a significant antioxidant activity much greater than ascorbic acid. Accordingly, the in silico data are consistent with the experimental data. Conclusion: These findings confirmed the potent antioxidant property of the synthesized compounds, providing us with new inspiration and challenges to design a library of pharmaceutical compounds with strong activity and low toxicity in the future.

scholarly journals Pigmented Corn Varieties as Functional Ingredients for Gluten-Free Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Francesca Colombo ◽  
Chiara Di Lorenzo ◽  
Katia Petroni ◽  
Marco Silano ◽  
Roberto Pilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Phenolic Profile

Oxidative stress, one among the several factors responsible for the gluten toxicity in celiac disease, together with inflammation and duodenal mucosal injury, are only partially reduced by the gluten-free diet. Thanks to their phenolic profile, the pigmented varieties of corn could be an interesting source of dietary antioxidants for the formulation of new gluten-free ingredients. The aim of this research was: (1) to characterize the phenolic profile and the associated antioxidant properties of corn samples with different pigmentation, using spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques and (2) to assess the stability of anthocyanins during the gastro-intestinal digestion. The pigmented varieties showed a significantly higher content of polyphenols compared to the common yellow varieties and, as a consequence, a higher antioxidant activity. Although corn is among the cereals most frequently used in gluten-free products, it can produce an inflammatory response in some celiac patients. Therefore, after the chemical characterization, the safety of the pigmented varieties for celiac patients was confirmed using different in vitro models (cell agglutination test and the measure of transepithelial electrical resistance). Although in vivo studies are necessary, the data collected in this study underline that the pigmented corn could have a role in reducing the oxidative stress at the intestinal level in celiac subjects.

scholarly journals Melatonin as a Reducer of Neuro- and Vasculotoxic Oxidative Stress Induced by Homocysteine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Kamil Karolczak ◽  
Cezary Watala
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Initial Research

The antioxidant properties of melatonin can be successfully used to reduce the effects of oxidative stress caused by homocysteine. The beneficial actions of melatonin are mainly due to its ability to inhibit the generation of the hydroxyl radical during the oxidation of homocysteine. Melatonin protects endothelial cells, neurons, and glia against the action of oxygen radicals generated by homocysteine and prevents the structural changes in cells that lead to impaired contractility of blood vessels and neuronal degeneration. It can be, therefore, assumed that the results obtained in experiments performed mainly in the in vitro models and occasionally in animal models may clear the way to clinical applications of melatonin in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, who exhibit a higher risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease) and cardiovascular diseases of atherothrombotic etiology. However, the results that have been obtained so far are scarce and have seldom been performed on advanced in vivo models. All findings predominately originate from the use of in vitro models and the scarcity of clinical evidence is huge. Thus, this mini-review should be considered as a summary of the outcomes of the initial research in the field concerning the use of melatonin as a possibly efficient attenuator of oxidative stress induced by homocysteine.

scholarly journals Novel Anticancer Platinum(IV) Complexes with Adamantylamine: Their Efficiency and Innovative Chemotherapy Strategies Modifying Lipid Metabolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Kozubík ◽  
Alena Vaculová ◽  
Karel Souček ◽  
Jan Vondráček ◽  
Jaroslav Turánek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
In Vivo Effects

The impressive impact of cisplatin on cancer on one side and severe side effects, as well as the development of drug resistance during treatment on the other side, were the factors motivating scientists to design and synthesize new more potent analogues lacking disadvantages of cisplatin. Platinum(IV) complexes represent one of the perspective groups of platinum-based drugs. In this review, we summarize recent findings on both in vitro and in vivo effects of platinum(IV) complexes with adamantylamine. Based on a literary overview of the mechanisms of activity of platinum-based cytostatics, we discuss opportunities for modulating the effects of novel platinum complexes through interactions with apoptotic signaling pathways and with cellular lipids, including modulations of the mitochondrial cell death pathway, oxidative stress, signaling of death ligands, lipid metabolism/signaling, or intercellular communication. These approaches might significantly enhance the efficacy of both novel and established platinum-based cytostatics.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Eugenia dysenterica Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Vieira Thomaz ◽  
Luanna Fernandes Peixoto ◽  
Thiago Sardinha de Oliveira ◽  
James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye ◽  
Hiasmin Franciely da Silva Neri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Eugenia dysenterica ex DC Mart. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as “cagaita,” is a Brazilian plant rich in polyphenols and other antioxidant compounds. Aiming to evaluate the potential use of cagaita in pathologies involving oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative disorders, this study investigated its antioxidant potential and neuroprotective effect. Electrochemical approaches and aluminium-induced neurotoxicity were used to determine respectively in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of cagaita. Voltammetric experiments were carried out in a three-electrode system, whose working electrode consisted of glassy carbon. Male Swiss mice were administered with AlCl3 orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and with cagaita leaf hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) at doses of 10, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day. The redox behavior of CHE presented similar features to that of quercetin, a widely known antioxidant standard. CHE prevented mouse memory impairment which resulted from aluminium intake. In addition, biochemical markers of oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and lipid peroxidation) were normalized by CHE treatment. The potential of CHE to prevent aluminium-induced neurotoxicity was reflected at the microscopic level, through the decrease of the number of eosinophilic necrosis phenotypes seen in treated groups. Moreover, the protective effect of CHE was similar to that of quercetin, which was taken as the standard. These findings showed that the CHE of cagaita leaves has a potential to protect the brain against oxidative-induced brain damage.

Antioxidant Effect of Flavonoids Present in Euterpe oleracea Martius and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Keyla Seabra de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Rafael Silva Almeida ◽  
Franco Márcio Maciel Pontes ◽  
Mariana Pegrucci Barcelos ◽  
Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Case Review ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction:Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are progressive, directly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), the most common and recurrent are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). One factor frequently mentioned in the etiology of NDDs is the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, producing cellular damages. Studies have shown that the consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, especially those of the flavonoid class, has been related to the low risk in the development of several diseases. Due to the antioxidant properties present in the food, a fruit that has been gaining prominence among these foods is the Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí), because it presents in its composition significant amounts of a subclass of the flavonoids, the anthocyanins.Methods:In the case review, the authors receive a basic background on the most common NDDs, oxidative stress and antioxidants. In addition, revisiting the various studies related to NDDs, including flavonoids and consumption of açaí.Results:Detailed analysis of the recently reported case studies reveal that dietary consumption of flavonoid-rich foods, such as açaí fruits, suggests the efficacy to attenuate neurodegeneration and prevent or reverse the age-dependent deterioration of cognitive function.Conclusion:This systematic review points out that flavonoids presenting in açaí have the potential for the treatment of diseases such as PD and AD and are candidates for drugs in future clinical research. However, there is a need for in vitro and in vivo studies with polyphenol that prove and ratify the therapeutic potential of this fruit for several NDDs.

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