scholarly journals Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Eugenia dysenterica Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Vieira Thomaz ◽  
Luanna Fernandes Peixoto ◽  
Thiago Sardinha de Oliveira ◽  
James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye ◽  
Hiasmin Franciely da Silva Neri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Eugenia dysenterica ex DC Mart. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as “cagaita,” is a Brazilian plant rich in polyphenols and other antioxidant compounds. Aiming to evaluate the potential use of cagaita in pathologies involving oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative disorders, this study investigated its antioxidant potential and neuroprotective effect. Electrochemical approaches and aluminium-induced neurotoxicity were used to determine respectively in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of cagaita. Voltammetric experiments were carried out in a three-electrode system, whose working electrode consisted of glassy carbon. Male Swiss mice were administered with AlCl3 orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and with cagaita leaf hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) at doses of 10, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day. The redox behavior of CHE presented similar features to that of quercetin, a widely known antioxidant standard. CHE prevented mouse memory impairment which resulted from aluminium intake. In addition, biochemical markers of oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and lipid peroxidation) were normalized by CHE treatment. The potential of CHE to prevent aluminium-induced neurotoxicity was reflected at the microscopic level, through the decrease of the number of eosinophilic necrosis phenotypes seen in treated groups. Moreover, the protective effect of CHE was similar to that of quercetin, which was taken as the standard. These findings showed that the CHE of cagaita leaves has a potential to protect the brain against oxidative-induced brain damage.

scholarly journals Protection of the vascular endothelium in experimental situations

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ružena Sotníková ◽  
Jana Nedelčevová ◽  
Jana Navarová ◽  
Viera Nosáľová ◽  
Katarína Drábiková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Protection of the vascular endothelium in experimental situationsOne of the factors proposed as mediators of vascular dysfunction observed in diabetes is the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This provides support for the use of antioxidants as early and appropriate pharmacological intervention in the development of late diabetic complications. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats we observed endothelial dysfuction manifested by reduced endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta, as well as by increased endothelaemia. Changes in endothelium-dependent relaxation of SMA were induced by injury of the nitric oxide radical (·NO)-signalling pathway since the endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF)-component of relaxation was not impaired by diabetes. The endothelial dysfunction was accompanied by decreased ·NO bioavailabity as a consequence of reduced activity of eNOS rather than its reduced expression. The results obtained using the chemiluminiscence method (CL) argue for increased oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The enzyme NAD(P)H-oxidase problably participates in ROS production in the later phases of diabetes. Oxidative stress was also connected with decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the early phase of diabetes. After 10 weeks of diabetes, adaptational mechanisms probably took place because GSH levels were not changed compared to controls. Antioxidant properties of SMe1EC2 foundin vitrowere partly confirmedin vivo.Administration of SMe1EC2 protected endothelial function. It significantly decreased endothelaemia of diabetic rats and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of arteries, slightly decreased ROS-production and increased bioavailability of ·NO in the aorta. Further studies with higher doses of SMe1EC2 may clarify the mechanism of its endothelium-protective effectin vivo.

scholarly journals Antioxidant supplementation slows telomere shortening in free-living white stork chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1918) ◽  
pp. 20191917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pineda-Pampliega ◽  
Amparo Herrera-Dueñas ◽  
Ellis Mulder ◽  
José I. Aguirre ◽  
Ursula Höfle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
White Stork ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Shortening Rate

Telomere length (TL) and shortening is increasingly shown to predict variation in survival and lifespan, raising the question of what causes variation in these traits. Oxidative stress is well known to accelerate telomere attrition in vitro , but its importance in vivo is largely hypothetical. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by supplementing white stork ( Ciconia ciconia ) chicks with antioxidants. Individuals received either a control treatment, or a supply of tocopherol (vitamin E) and selenium, which both have antioxidant properties. The antioxidant treatment increased the concentration of tocopherol for up to two weeks after treatment but did not affect growth. Using the telomere restriction fragment technique, we evaluated erythrocyte TL and its dynamics. Telomeres shortened significantly over the 21 days between the baseline and final sample, independent of sex, mass, size and hatching order. The antioxidant treatment significantly mitigated shortening rate of average TL (−31% in shorter telomeres; percentiles 10th, 20th and 30th). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress shortens telomeres in vivo .

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of Pyrano-[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles Derivatives and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Boutaina Addoum ◽  
◽  
Bouchra El khalfi ◽  
Mohamed Idiken ◽  
Souraya Sakoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Nitrative Stress

Background: Antioxidants are developed to assist the immune system and overcome oxidative stress, the aggression of cellular constituents due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the inner antioxidant system. The main objective of this study was to search for new and potent antioxidants to protect humans against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Methods: In this study, three pyrano-[2,3-c]-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized via Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) approach and were characterized, using a melting point, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and spectroscopic analyses (IR; 1H-NMR; 13C-NMR). All of the generated compounds were screened for their antioxidant properties in vivo, using ciliate “Tetrahymena” as a model organism exposed to oxidative and nitrative stress. They were then studied in vitro by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Results: The results demonstrated that the three compounds (5a, b, c) are biologically active and possess potent antioxidant activities, especially the 5a and 5b derivatives. On the other hand, the in vitro bioassays revealed that the 5a derivative possessed a significant antioxidant activity much greater than ascorbic acid. Accordingly, the in silico data are consistent with the experimental data. Conclusion: These findings confirmed the potent antioxidant property of the synthesized compounds, providing us with new inspiration and challenges to design a library of pharmaceutical compounds with strong activity and low toxicity in the future.

scholarly journals The Zebrafish Embryo as a Model to Test Protective Effects of Food Antioxidant Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5786
Author(s):  
Cristina Arteaga ◽  
Nuria Boix ◽  
Elisabet Teixido ◽  
Fernanda Marizande ◽  
Santiago Cadena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Β Carotene

The antioxidant activity of food compounds is one of the properties generating the most interest, due to its health benefits and correlation with the prevention of chronic disease. This activity is usually measured using in vitro assays, which cannot predict in vivo effects or mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo protective effects of six phenolic compounds (naringenin, apigenin, rutin, oleuropein, chlorogenic acid, and curcumin) and three carotenoids (lycopene B, β-carotene, and astaxanthin) naturally present in foods using a zebrafish embryo model. The zebrafish embryo was pretreated with each of the nine antioxidant compounds and then exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH), a known inducer of oxidative stress in zebrafish. Significant differences were determined by comparing the concentration-response of the tBOOH induced lethality and dysmorphogenesis against the pretreated embryos with the antioxidant compounds. A protective effect of each compound, except β-carotene, against oxidative-stress-induced lethality was found. Furthermore, apigenin, rutin, and curcumin also showed protective effects against dysmorphogenesis. On the other hand, β-carotene exhibited increased lethality and dysmorphogenesis compared to the tBOOH treatment alone.

Resazurin Method for Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Cranberry Extracts Using the Metabolic Activity of a ΔSOD1 Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Under Severe Osmotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Agata Święciło ◽  
Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Alcohol Water

Abstract Background: In addition to nutrients, plant raw materials for food production should also contain substances with beneficial biological properties, which unquestionably include antioxidant compounds. Among the numerous methods of determining the antioxidant properties of samples of plant material, biological methods that provide information about not only the in vivo antioxidant potential of samples but also their metabolism and bioavailability are increasingly valued. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant properties of extracts from large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) obtained from different producers. Methods: Biologically active compounds were extracted from cranberry fruits using water alone and ethyl alcohol–water in proportions of 1+1 and 4+1 (v/v) as solvents. The following were determined in the extracts: content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity based on reduction of the ABTS+• [2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical cation, and antioxidant properties as reflected by the growth of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δsod1 mutant in a liquid hypertonic environment. The growth parameters of this Δsod1 mutant, monitored by a method exploiting a color reaction with resazurin, reflected the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Results: The ethanol–water cranberry extracts showed higher content of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and total antioxidants expressed as Trolox equivalent, determined on the basis of ABTS+• reduction. Conclusions: The antioxidant properties determined by the bioassay did not respond strongly to the data obtained in the in vitro chemical and biochemical assays, because they were more closely associated with the batch of fruit than with the type of solvent used to extract phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Adenosine Receptors as Neuroinflammation Modulators: Role of A1 Agonists and A2A Antagonists

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Aleix Martí Navia ◽  
Diego Dal Ben ◽  
Catia Lambertucci ◽  
Andrea Spinaci ◽  
Rosaria Volpini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Tnf Α

The pathological condition of neuroinflammation is caused by the activation of the neuroimmune cells astrocytes and microglia. The autacoid adenosine seems to be an important neuromodulator in this condition. Its main receptors involved in the neuroinflammation modulation are A1AR and A2AAR. Evidence suggests that A1AR activation produces a neuroprotective effect and A2AARs block prevents neuroinflammation. The aim of this work is to elucidate the effects of these receptors in neuroinflammation using the partial agonist 2′-dCCPA (2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-2′-deoxyadenosine) (C1 KiA1AR = 550 nM, KiA2AAR = 24,800 nM, and KiA3AR = 5560 nM, α = 0.70, EC50A1AR = 832 nM) and the newly synthesized in house compound 8-chloro-9-ethyl-2-phenethoxyadenine (C2 KiA2AAR = 0.75 nM; KiA1AR = 17 nM and KiA3AR = 227 nM, IC50A2AAR = 251 nM unpublished results). The experiments were performed in in vitro and in in vivo models of neuroinflammation. Results showed that C1 was able to prevent the inflammatory effect induced by cytokine cocktail (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) while C2 possess both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, counteracting both neuroinflammation in mixed glial cells and in an animal model of neuroinflammation. In conclusion, C2 is a potential candidate for neuroinflammation therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Pirfenidone and Nintedanib on Markers of Systemic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Preliminary Report

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Alessandro G. Fois ◽  
Elisabetta Sotgiu ◽  
Valentina Scano ◽  
Silvia Negri ◽  
Sabrina Mellino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Introduction: In vitro evidence suggests that pirfenidone and nintedanib, approved agents for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. We aimed to investigate such effects in vivo in IPF patients. Methods: Systemic circulating markers of oxidative stress [nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances (TBARS), homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and ADMA/Arginine ratio, glutathione (GSH), plasma protein –SH (PSH), and taurine (Tau)] and inflammation [Kynurenine (Kyn), Tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn/Trp ratio] were measured at baseline and after 24-week treatment in 18 IPF patients (10 treated with pirfenidone and 8 with nintedanib) and in 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Compared to controls, IPF patients had significantly lower concentrations of reduced blood GSH (457 ± 73 µmol/L vs 880 ± 212 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and plasma PSH (4.24 ± 0.95 µmol/g prot vs 5.28 ± 1.35 µmol/g prot, p = 0.012). Pirfenidone treatment significantly decreased the Kyn/Trp ratio (0.030 ± 0.011 baseline vs 0.025 ± 0.010 post-treatment, p = 0.048) whilst nintedanib treatment significantly increased blood GSH (486 ± 70 μmol/L vs 723 ± 194 μmol/L, p = 0.006) and reduced ADMA concentrations (0.501 ± 0.094 vs. 0.468 ± 0.071 μmol/L, p = 0.024). Conclusion: pirfenidone and nintedanib exert beneficial effects on specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in IPF patients.

The Neuroprotective Effect of Picroside II from Hu-Huang-Lian against Oxidative Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Jian-Wen Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Zhang ◽  
Ming-Chuan Guo ◽  
Guang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Picroside Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment

Picroside II is an active constituent extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Hu-Huang-Lian. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of picroside II, PC12 cells were treated with glutamate in vitro and male ICR mice were treated with AlCl 3in vivo. Pre-treatment of PC12 cells with picroside II could enhance the cell viability and decrease the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glutamate. By DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry assay, picroside II (1.2 mg/ml) significantly prevented glutamate-induced cell apoptosis. In the animal study, amnesia was induced in mice by AlCl 3 (100 mg/kg/d, i.v.). Pricroside II, at the dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d (i.g.), markedly ameliorated AlCl 3-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and attenuated AlCl 3-induced histological changes. This was associated with the significant increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain of experimental mice. All these results indicated that picroside II possessed the therapeutic potential in protecting against neurological injuries damaged by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Carqueja (Baccharis trimera) Protects against Oxidative Stress andβ-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity inCaenorhabditis elegans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciny Aparecida Paiva ◽  
Larissa de Freitas Bonomo ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira Boasquivis ◽  
Igor Thadeu Borges Raposo de Paula ◽  
Joyce Ferreira da Costa Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Amyloid Toxicity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Baccharis Trimera

Carqueja (Baccharis trimera) is a native plant found throughout South America. Several studies have shown that Carqueja has antioxidant activityin vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, antihepatotoxic, and antimutagenic properties. However, studies regarding its antioxidant potentialin vivoare limited. In this study, we usedCaenorhabditis elegansas a model to examine the antioxidant effects of a Carqueja hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) on stress resistance and lifespan and to investigate whether CHE has a protective effect in aC. elegansmodel for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we show for the first time, usingin vivoassays, that CHE treatment improved oxidative stress resistance by increasing survival rate and by reducing ROS levels under oxidative stress conditions independently of the stress-related signaling pathways (p38, JNK, and ERK) and transcription factors (SKN-1/Nrf and DAF-16/Foxo) tested here. CHE treatment also increased the defenses againstβ-amyloid toxicity inC. elegans, in part by increasing proteasome activity and the expression of two heat shock protein genes. Our findings suggest a potential neuroprotective use for Carqueja, supporting the idea that dietary antioxidants are a promising approach to boost the defensive systems against stress and neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Pigmented Corn Varieties as Functional Ingredients for Gluten-Free Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Francesca Colombo ◽  
Chiara Di Lorenzo ◽  
Katia Petroni ◽  
Marco Silano ◽  
Roberto Pilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Phenolic Profile

Oxidative stress, one among the several factors responsible for the gluten toxicity in celiac disease, together with inflammation and duodenal mucosal injury, are only partially reduced by the gluten-free diet. Thanks to their phenolic profile, the pigmented varieties of corn could be an interesting source of dietary antioxidants for the formulation of new gluten-free ingredients. The aim of this research was: (1) to characterize the phenolic profile and the associated antioxidant properties of corn samples with different pigmentation, using spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques and (2) to assess the stability of anthocyanins during the gastro-intestinal digestion. The pigmented varieties showed a significantly higher content of polyphenols compared to the common yellow varieties and, as a consequence, a higher antioxidant activity. Although corn is among the cereals most frequently used in gluten-free products, it can produce an inflammatory response in some celiac patients. Therefore, after the chemical characterization, the safety of the pigmented varieties for celiac patients was confirmed using different in vitro models (cell agglutination test and the measure of transepithelial electrical resistance). Although in vivo studies are necessary, the data collected in this study underline that the pigmented corn could have a role in reducing the oxidative stress at the intestinal level in celiac subjects.

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