Effect of alcohol intake on muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Greg R. Collier ◽  
Elizabeth M. Broad ◽  
Peter G. Davis ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Nutrition Practices ◽  
Insulin Responses

We studied the effects of alcohol intake on postexercise muscle glycogen restoration with samples from vastus lateralis being collected immediately after glycogen-depleting cycling and after a set recovery period. Six well-trained cyclists undertook a study of 8-h recovery (2 meals), and another nine cyclists undertook a separate 24-h protocol (4 meals). In each study, subjects completed three trials in crossover order: control (C) diet [meals providing carbohydrate (CHO) of 1.75 g/kg]; alcohol-displacement (A) diet (1.5 g/kg alcohol displacing CHO energy from C) and alcohol + CHO (AC) diet (C + 1.5 g/kg alcohol). Alcohol intake reduced postmeal glycemia especially in A trial and 24-h study, although insulin responses were maintained. Alcohol intake increased serum triglycerides, particularly in the 24-h study and AC trial. Glycogen storage was decreased in A diets compared with C at 8 h (24.4 ± 7 vs. 44.6 ± 6 mmol/kg wet wt, means ± SE, P < 0.05) and 24 h (68 ± 5 vs. 82 ± 5 mmol/kg wet wt, P < 0.05). There was a trend to reduced glycogen storage with AC in 8 h (36.2 ± 8 mmol/kg wet wt, P = 0.1) but no difference in 24 h (85 ± 9 mmol/kg wet wt). We conclude that 1) the direct effect of alcohol on postexercise glycogen synthesis is unclear, and 2) the main effect of alcohol intake is indirect, by displacing CHO intake from optimal recovery nutrition practices.

Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 2018-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
M. C. Lee ◽  
J. T. Brozinick ◽  
M. J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rate of muscle glycogen storage could be enhanced during the initial 4-h period postexercise by substantially increasing the amount of the carbohydrate consumed. Eight subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. Immediately and 2 h after exercise they consumed either 0 (P), 1.5 (L), or 3.0 g glucose/kg body wt (H) from a 50% glucose polymer solution. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein before exercise, during exercise, and throughout recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately, 2 h, and 4 h after exercise. Blood glucose and insulin declined significantly during exercise in each of the three treatments. They remained below the preexercise concentrations during recovery in the P treatment but increased significantly above the preexercise concentrations during the L and H treatments. By the end of the 4 h-recovery period, blood glucose and insulin were still significantly above the preexercise concentrations in both treatments. Muscle glycogen storage was significantly increased above the basal rate (P, 0.5 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1) after ingestion of either glucose polymer supplement. The rates of muscle glycogen storage, however, were not different between the L and H treatments during the first 2 h (L, 5.2 +/- 0.9 vs. H, 5.8 +/- 0.7 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1) or the second 2 h of recovery (L, 4.0 +/- 0.9 vs. H, 4.5 +/- 0.6 mumol.g wet wt-1. h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Early postexercise muscle glycogen recovery is enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ivy ◽  
Harold W. Goforth ◽  
Bruce M. Damon ◽  
Thomas R. McCauley ◽  
Edward C. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ordered Design ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that a carbohydrate-protein (CHO-Pro) supplement would be more effective in the replenishment of muscle glycogen after exercise compared with a carbohydrate supplement of equal carbohydrate content (LCHO) or caloric equivalency (HCHO). After 2.5 ± 0.1 h of intense cycling to deplete the muscle glycogen stores, subjects ( n = 7) received, using a rank-ordered design, a CHO-Pro (80 g CHO, 28 g Pro, 6 g fat), LCHO (80 g CHO, 6 g fat), or HCHO (108 g CHO, 6 g fat) supplement immediately after exercise (10 min) and 2 h postexercise. Before exercise and during 4 h of recovery, muscle glycogen of the vastus lateralis was determined periodically by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Exercise significantly reduced the muscle glycogen stores (final concentrations: 40.9 ± 5.9 mmol/l CHO-Pro, 41.9 ± 5.7 mmol/l HCHO, 40.7 ± 5.0 mmol/l LCHO). After 240 min of recovery, muscle glycogen was significantly greater for the CHO-Pro treatment (88.8 ± 4.4 mmol/l) when compared with the LCHO (70.0 ± 4.0 mmol/l; P = 0.004) and HCHO (75.5 ± 2.8 mmol/l; P = 0.013) treatments. Glycogen storage did not differ significantly between the LCHO and HCHO treatments. There were no significant differences in the plasma insulin responses among treatments, although plasma glucose was significantly lower during the CHO-Pro treatment. These results suggest that a CHO-Pro supplement is more effective for the rapid replenishment of muscle glycogen after exercise than a CHO supplement of equal CHO or caloric content.

Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1854-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Zawadzki ◽  
B. B. Yaspelkis ◽  
J. L. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Insulin Responses

Carbohydrate, protein, and carbohydrate-protein supplements were compared to determine their effects on muscle glycogen storage during recovery from prolonged exhaustive exercise. Nine male subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. Immediately and 2 h after each exercise bout, they ingested 112.0 g carbohydrate (CHO), 40.7 g protein (PRO), or 112.0 g carbohydrate and 40.7 g protein (CHO-PRO). Blood samples were drawn before exercise, immediately after exercise, and throughout recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately and 4 h after exercise. During recovery the plasma glucose response of the CHO treatment was significantly greater than that of the CHO-PRO treatment, but the plasma insulin response of the CHO-PRO treatment was significantly greater than that of the CHO treatment. Both the CHO and CHO-PRO treatments produced plasma glucose and insulin responses that were greater than those produced by the PRO treatment (P less than 0.05). The rate of muscle glycogen storage during the CHO-PRO treatment [35.5 +/- 3.3 (SE) mumol.g protein-1.h-1] was significantly faster than during the CHO treatment (25.6 +/- 2.3 mumol.g protein-1.h-1), which was significantly faster than during the PRO treatment (7.6 +/- 1.4 mumol.g protein-1.h-1). The results suggest that postexercise muscle glycogen storage can be enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement as a result of the interaction of carbohydrate and protein on insulin secretion.

Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
A. L. Katz ◽  
C. L. Cutler ◽  
W. M. Sherman ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

The time of ingestion of a carbohydrate supplement on muscle glycogen storage postexercise was examined. Twelve male cyclists exercised continuously for 70 min on a cycle ergometer at 68% VO2max, interrupted by six 2-min intervals at 88% VO2max, on two separate occasions. A 25% carbohydrate solution (2 g/kg body wt) was ingested immediately postexercise (P-EX) or 2 h postexercise (2P-EX). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise. Blood samples were obtained from an antecubital vein before and during exercise and at specific times after exercise. Muscle glycogen immediately postexercise was not significantly different for the P-EX and 2P-EX treatments. During the first 2 h postexercise, the rate of muscle glycogen storage was 7.7 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 for the P-EX treatment, but only 2.5 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 for the 2P-EX treatment. During the second 2 h of recovery, the rate of glycogen storage slowed to 4.3 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 during treatment P-EX but increased to 4.1 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 during treatment 2P-EX. This rate, however, was still 45% slower (P less than 0.05) than that for the P-EX treatment during the first 2 h of recovery. This slower rate of glycogen storage occurred despite significantly elevated plasma glucose and insulin levels. The results suggest that delaying the ingestion of a carbohydrate supplement post-exercise will result in a reduced rate of muscle glycogen storage.

Skeletal muscle GLUT-4 and postexercise muscle glycogen storage in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McCoy ◽  
J. Proietto ◽  
M. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Wet Weight

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein and postexercise glycogen storage in human subjects fed adequate carbohydrate. Eleven men completed 2 h of cycling, and a biopsy of the vastus lateralis was performed immediately after exercise cessation for the determination of muscle GLUT-4 protein and glycogen concentrations, glycogen synthase activity, and citrate synthase activity. The subjects ingested meals providing 2.0 g carbohydrate/kg body weight at 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise, and a second biopsy was performed 6 h postexercise. Muscle glycogen concentration increased significantly during the 6-h recovery period (glycogen immediately postexercise, 27.2 +/- 5.4 mmol/kg wet weight; glycogen storage, 52.4 +/- 2.9 mmol x kg wet weight-1 x 6 h-1; P<0.05). Glycogen storage during recovery was directly related to GLUT-4 protein (2.20 +/- 0.33 arbitrary standard units; r = 0.63; P<0.05) and inversely related to glycogen immediately postexercise (r = -0.70; P < 0.05). A direct correlation existed between glycogen storage during recovery and the activity of the I form of glycogen synthase (r = 0.60; P < 0.05). These results suggest that muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration, as well as factors relating to glucose disposal, may affect postexercise glycogen storage in humans fed adequate carbohydrate.

Muscle glycogen storage postexercise: effect of mode of carbohydrate administration

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Reed ◽  
J. T. Brozinick ◽  
M. C. Lee ◽  
J. L. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether gastric emptying limits the rate of muscle glycogen storage during the initial 4 h after exercise when a carbohydrate supplement is provided. A secondary purpose was to determine whether liquid (L) and solid (S) carbohydrate (CHO) feedings result in different rates of muscle glycogen storage after exercise. Eight subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. After each exercise bout they received 3 g CHO/kg body wt in L (50% glucose polymer) or S (rice/banana cake) form or by intravenous infusion (I; 20% sterile glucose). The L and S supplements were divided into two equal doses and administered immediately after and 120 min after exercise, whereas the I supplement was administered continuously during the first 235 min of the 240-min recovery period. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein before exercise, during exercise, and throughout recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately after and 120 and 240 min after exercise. Blood glucose and insulin declined during exercise and increased significantly above preexercise levels during recovery in all treatments. The increase in blood glucose during the I treatment, however, was three times greater than during the L or S treatments. The average insulin response of the L treatment (61.7 +/- 4.9 microU/ml) was significantly greater than that of the S treatment (47.5 +/- 4.2 microU/ml) but not that of the I (55.3 +/- 4.5 microU/ml) treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Fen Liao ◽  
Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽  
Jung-Piao Taso ◽  
Chun-Ching Huang ◽  
Chia-Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Background: Capsinoids (CSN), the novel non-pungent capsaicin analogs have been reported to promote metabolic health and exercise tolerance. However, the effect of CSN on fat oxidation and changes in skeletal muscle glycogen levels during post-exercise recovery has not been investigated in humans. Purpose: We examined the effect of CSN supplementation on energy reliance, glycogen resynthesis and molecular proteins in the skeletal muscle of young adults during post-exercise recovery. Methods: In this crossover-designed study, nine healthy adult male volunteers (aged 21.4±0.2 years, BMI 21.9±1.3 kg/m2 ) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70% VO2max. Participants consumed either CSN (12 mg, single dosage) or placebo capsules with a high-carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/kg bodyweight) immediately after exercise. Biopsied muscle samples (vastus lateralis), blood and gaseous samples were obtained during 3h post-exercise recovery period. Results: We found that oral CSN supplementation right after exercise significantly altered the energy reliance on fat oxidation during recovery. This was evidenced by lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher fat oxidation rate in CSN trial. Despite, acute CSN dosage does not contribute to enhance the glycogen replenishment in skeletal muscle during 3h recovery. We identified no significant differences in postprandial glucose and insulin area under the curve in both trials. Western blot data showed increased muscle GLUT4 expression, but no significant response of p-Akt/Akt ratio with CSN during post-exercise recovery. Conclusion: Our findings conclude that acute CSN intake could change energy reliance on fat oxidation, but unable to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery. Thus, ergogenic properties of CSN in relevance to muscle glycogen restoration following exercise needs to be further investigated in young adults.

Muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise: effect of the glycemic index of carbohydrate feedings

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Burke ◽  
G. R. Collier ◽  
M. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The effect of the glycemic index (GI) of postexercise carbohydrate intake on muscle glycogen storage was investigated. Five well-trained cyclists undertook an exercise trial to deplete muscle glycogen (2 h at 75% of maximal O2 uptake followed by four 30-s sprints) on two occasions, 1 wk apart. For 24 h after each trial, subjects rested and consumed a diet composed exclusively of high-carbohydrate foods, with one trial providing foods with a high GI (HI GI) and the other providing foods with a low GI (LO GI). Total carbohydrate intake over the 24 h was 10 g/kg of body mass, evenly distributed between meals eaten 0, 4, 8, and 21 h postexercise. Blood samples were drawn before exercise, immediately after exercise, immediately before each meal, and 30, 60, and 90 min post-prandially. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately after exercise and after 24 h. When the effects of the immediate postexercise meal were excluded, the totals of the incremental glucose and insulin areas after each meal were greater (P < or = 0.05) for the HI GI meals than for the LO GI meals. The increase in muscle glycogen content after 24 h of recovery was greater (P = 0.02) with the HI GI diet (106 +/- 11.7 mmol/kg wet wt) than with the LO GI diet (71.5 +/- 6.5 mmol/kg). The results suggest that the most rapid increase in muscle glycogen content during the first 24 h of recovery is achieved by consuming foods with a high GI.

scholarly journals Lactate and Glycogen Metabolism in the Lizard Dipsosaurus Dorsalis following Exhaustive Exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
TODD T. GLEESON ◽  
PAULA M. DALESSIO
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Lactate Oxidation ◽  
Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽  
Lactate Removal

We evaluated the metabolic mechanisms by which the iguanid lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis deals with the lactate which accumulates during vigorous exercise. Fasted, cannulated lizards were run for 5 min on a treadmill at 40°C, which elevated whole-body lactate to 24 mmol l−1 and depleted hindlimb glycogen to 70% of resting levels. Oxygen consumption increased fivefold and respiratory exchange ratios approached 2.0. Exhausted animals were then injected intravenously with either [U-14C]lactate or [U-14C]glucose, and allowed to recover quietly on the treadmill at 40°C. After 2h, 79% of the accumulated lactate had been removed and hindlimb muscle glycogen stores had returned to pre-exercise levels. Although blood glucose remained unchanged at 8.6 ± 0.27 mmol l−1 throughout the recovery period, whole-body glucose increased significantly from 1.6 ± 0.23 to 5.5 ± 0.38 mmol l−1 (P&lt;0.05). Based on isotope distribution, 50% of the lactate removed was used to synthesize glucose and glycogen, but only 16% of the lactate was oxidized. Lactate oxidation accounted for about 40% of the post-exercise oxygen consumption. Lactate rather than glucose appeared to be the prevalent substrate for muscle glycogen synthesis under these conditions. These animals appear to employ a strategy of lactate removal which is different from that in mammals; favoring lactate-supported gluco- and glyconeogenesis and rapid muscle glycogen replenishment instead of rapid lactate removal via oxidative pathways.

Aging does not contribute to the decline in insulin action on storage of muscle glycogen in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. R111-R117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Li She ◽  
Xiao-Hui Ma ◽  
Xiao-Man Yang ◽  
Meizhu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Dependent Growth

Increase in fat mass (FM) and changes in body composition may account for the age-associated impairment in insulin action on muscle glycogen storage. We wish to examine whether preventing the increase in FM abolishes this defect seen with aging. We studied the novel aging model of F1 hybrids of BN/F344 NIA rats fed ad libitum (AL) at 2 (weighing 259 ± 17 g), 8 (459 ± 17 g), and 20 (492 ± 10 g) mo old. To prevent the age-dependent growth in FM, rats were caloric restricted (CR) at 2 mo by decreasing their daily caloric intake by 45% (weighing 292 ± 5 g at 8 mo, 294 ± g at 20 mo). As designed, the lean body mass (LBM) and %FM remained unchanged through aging (8 and 20 mo old) in the CR rats and was similar to that of 2-mo-old AL rats. However, 8- and 20-mo-old AL-fed rats had three- to fourfold higher FM than both CR groups. Peripheral insulin action at physiological hyperinsulinemia was determined (by 3 mU ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1insulin clamp). Prevention of fat accretion maintained glucose uptake (Rd; 29 ± 2, 29 ± 2, and 31 ± 4 mg ⋅ kg LBM−1 ⋅ min−1) and glycogen synthesis rates (GS, 12 ± 1, 12 ± 1, and 14 ± 2 mg ⋅ kg LBM−1 ⋅ min−1) at youthful levels (2 mo AL) in 8- and 20-mo-old CR rats, respectively. These levels were significantly increased ( P < 0.001) compared with AL rats with higher %FM (Rd, 22 ± 1 and 22 ± 2 and GS, 7 ± 1 and 8 ± 2 mg ⋅ kg LBM−1 ⋅ min−1in 8- and 20-mo-old rats, respectively). The increase in whole body GS in age-matched CR rats was accompanied by ∼40% increased accumulation of [3H]glucose into glycogen and a similar increase in insulin-induced muscle glycogen content. Furthermore, the activation of glycogen synthase increased, i.e., ∼50% decrease in the Michaelis constant, in both CR groups ( P < 0.01). We conclude that chronic CR designed to prevent an increase in storage of energy in fat maintained peripheral insulin action at youthful levels, and aging per se does not result in a defect on the pathway of glycogen storage in skeletal muscle.

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