The Role of Reactive Elements on Scale Growth in High‐Temperature Oxidation of Pure Nickel, Iron, Cobalt, and Copper: II . Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 2301-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Strawbridge ◽  
R. A. Rapp ◽  
G. I. Sproule ◽  
R. J. Hussey ◽  
M. J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Scale Growth ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Secondary Ion

Limitations on the Use of Surface Doping for Improving High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Pint
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Scale Growth ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Scale Adhesion ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Standard List

For more than 50 years, scientists have studied the “magic dust” of high-temperature oxidation—certain oxygen active or “reactive” elements which, when added to alloys in small quantities, effect profound improvements in their oxidation resistance. In general, high-temperature oxidation resistance is achieved by the oxidation of one or more alloy components to form a dense, stable, slow-growing, external oxide layer, or ’scale” such as α-Cr2O3, α-Al2O3, or SiO2. When added properly, reactive elements have a beneficial effect on the formation and growth of both α-Cr2O3 and α-Al2O3 scales. A standard list of reactive element (RE) effects would include: (1) an improvement in scale adhesion or resistance to spallation, (2) a change in the scale growth mechanism, (3) a reduction in the oxidation rate, related to the change in mechanism, (4) a modification in the scale microstructure, and (5) in the case of alloys that form Cr2O3 scales, an improvement in selective oxidation, meaning that a lower Cr concentration in the alloy is required to form and maintain an external Cr2O3 scale.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Mechanistic Study of the Role of One-Component Resins in Rubber-to-Brass Bonding in Tires

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Y. Patil ◽  
William J. van Ooij
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Adhesion Promoters ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Adhesion Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion

Abstract Adhesion between rubber and brass-coated steel cords is enhanced by using resins as adhesion promoters. Experiments were carried out using a squalene liquid rubber modeling approach to study the effect of resins on the chemistry of the vulcanization reaction. The formation of new intermediates during vulcanization and changes in chemical concentrations with reaction time was studied using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis of the reacted squalene mixtures. Also, the effect of presence of resins on the surface of sulfidized brass cords was studied by analyzing the adhesion layer's elemental composition using the Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) characterization techniques. The changes in surface morphology of the adhesion layer with reaction time was noted by taking micrographs using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed for the role of resins in the improvement of initial and aged adhesion performance between rubber and brass-coated steel tire cords.

Role of Microstructure in High Temperature Oxidation.

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Rhines ◽  
R. G. Connell ◽  
Choi Jr. ◽  
M. S.
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Oxidation
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