The Role of Reactive Elements on Scale Growth in High‐Temperature Oxidation of Pure Nickel, Iron, Cobalt, and Copper: I . Oxidation Kinetics and Scale Morphology

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 1905-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Strawbridge ◽  
Robert A. Rapp
MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Pint

For more than 50 years, scientists have studied the “magic dust” of high-temperature oxidation—certain oxygen active or “reactive” elements which, when added to alloys in small quantities, effect profound improvements in their oxidation resistance. In general, high-temperature oxidation resistance is achieved by the oxidation of one or more alloy components to form a dense, stable, slow-growing, external oxide layer, or ’scale” such as α-Cr2O3, α-Al2O3, or SiO2. When added properly, reactive elements have a beneficial effect on the formation and growth of both α-Cr2O3 and α-Al2O3 scales. A standard list of reactive element (RE) effects would include: (1) an improvement in scale adhesion or resistance to spallation, (2) a change in the scale growth mechanism, (3) a reduction in the oxidation rate, related to the change in mechanism, (4) a modification in the scale microstructure, and (5) in the case of alloys that form Cr2O3 scales, an improvement in selective oxidation, meaning that a lower Cr concentration in the alloy is required to form and maintain an external Cr2O3 scale.


1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Rhines ◽  
R. G. Connell ◽  
Choi Jr. ◽  
M. S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 115018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangzhou Xing ◽  
Na Ta ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Yu Zhong ◽  
Lijun Zhang

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2254-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumitsu Kondo ◽  
Hiroshi Tanei ◽  
Kohsaku Ushioda ◽  
Muneyuki Maeda

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