IBM 3081 Processor Unit: Design Considerations and Design Process

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Gustafson ◽  
F. J. Sparacio
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Processor Unit

Design Considerations for Flow Noise in Automotive Air Handling Systems

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Warner ◽  
Niranjan G. Humbad ◽  
Basem Alzahabi ◽  
Robert A. Porada
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Flow Noise ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Noise Data

Abstract Noise from automotive air handling systems is an important issue for driver and passenger comfort. This study was undertaken to quantify the flow noise from the blower and remaining system, and to develop an analytical predictive model for airflow noise. Tests were conducted on four different vehicle Air Handling Systems (AHS) comprised of blower, heat exchangers, ducts and panel registers. Flow and noise data were measured. Test results suggest that overall noise is dominated by blower noise. A predictive model for airflow noise was developed. This model suggests system pressure drop (Δp) and system airflow (q) being dominant parameters in the noise predictions. The noise variation scales as flow velocity to the power 5.75. The developed model for flow noise can be very useful in the design process to estimate noise levels for new systems from CFD/CAE analyses.

scholarly journals Design Considerations for Therapeutic Devices - An Investigation of Pre-Schoolers’ Preferences for an Artefact’s Basic Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-886
Author(s):  
Emanuel Balzan ◽  
Philip Farrugia ◽  
Owen Casha ◽  
Liberato Camilleri ◽  
Andrew Wodehouse
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Dominant Characteristic ◽  
Set Up

AbstractToys are children's first consumer products and while playing they acquire numerous skills, learn about their environment and socialise with other children and adults. Toys are adapted and used by clinicians as therapeutic devices because they allow them to create bonds and communicate with children. Aesthetical aspects should be considered early in the design process, especially since pre-schoolers’ views are still dominated by the appearance of artefacts, also known as, the perceptual salient characteristics. The study of emotions mediates the understanding of the relationships between a product, user and the process with which consumers set up preferences over products. Decisions taken in each design stage will influence whether therapeutic devices will be enjoyed by children. An experiment was carried out to test out pre-schoolers’ preferences on individual attributes: form, dimension, material (hardness and weight) and surface (appearance and texture). This study exposed dominant characteristic preferences and the fact that some are influenced by gender and age. Employing these findings in therapeutic devices will enable clinicians to better engage the children during therapy.

The Imperial Fora of Rome: Some Design Considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Architecture ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cosmic Order ◽  
Base Dimension ◽  
Unified Design

Research in ancient Roman architectural design has come increasingly to the view that geometry was often as important as metrication and proportion. The present paper examines the contribution of both geometry and arithmetic to the design of the four imperial fora in Rome, as well as the closely related Temple of Peace. An analysis of the Forum of Augustus-the best-known of the imperial fora-shows that it was designed according to a geometric model with a particular size utilizing a "base dimension" of 146 Roman feet. Analyses of the other fora show that the same geometric model-but with a base dimension of 150 feet-can be used to generate their basic spatial divisions and dimensions. The model accounts not only for straightforward and integral dimensions or proportions, but also for irrational and nonintegral proportions hitherto unexplained. The article argues that the mixture of integral, nonintegral, and irrational metrication was a deliberate aspect of the design process, in line with the Early Imperial propensity to combine rectilinear and curvilinear architectural forms. The article concludes with a suggestion that the model originated in the Etruscan ritual division of space, which was adopted by the Romans and later applied to an increasingly broad range of building types. The model may thus have served as a kind of template or cosmogram whereby each building designed on it could embody essential features of cosmic order. It gave to each Roman building its uniquely "Italic" flavor quite separate from Greek "cosmetics." If the model's application proves to be sufficiently broad, then the possibility is raised of developing a "unified design theory" for Etruscan and Roman architecture. These issues will be broached in future articles.

scholarly journals Design for Empathy: A Co-Design Case Study with the Finnish Parliament

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Enni-Kukka S E Tuomala ◽  
Weston L Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Empathy Gap ◽  
Ongoing Project

AbstractGlobalisation and the mixing of people, cultures, religions and languages fuels pressing healthcare, educational, political and other complex sociocultural issues. Many of these issues are driven by society's struggle to find ways to facilitate deeper and more emotionally meaningful ways to help people connect and overcome the empathy gap which keeps various groups of people apart. This paper presents a process to design for empathy – as an outcome of design. This extends prior work which typically looks at empathy for design – as a part of the design process, as is common in inclusive design and human centered design process. We reflect on empathy in design and challenge the often internalised role of the designer to be more externalised, to shift from an empathiser to become an empathy generator. We develop and demonstrate the process to design for empathy through a co-creation case study aiming to bring empathy into politics. The ongoing project is set in the Parliament of Finland, and involves co- creation with six Members of the Parliament from five political parties. Outcomes of the process and case study are discussed, including design considerations for future research.

Design Calculations on the Recycle of Malysite in Sludge under the Synergistic Effect of Acidification and Ultrasonic

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 796-801
Author(s):  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Nai Rui Liu ◽  
Lei Lei Mi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Quality Material

During the recycle process of malysite in sludge under the synergistic effect of acidification and ultrasonic, the features of malysite, the principles and steps of design calculations for sludge malysite are introduced on the basis of the previous experimental data. According to the function, the design process can be classified into pretreatment unit, coagulation treatment unit, malysite recovery unit, sedimentation and filtration unit. Design calculations are conducted in the light of the requirements on design flow, cycle time, influent water quality, material and experimental data. Design calculations and selections as well as device construction are accomplished based on the design criterion of water treatment. Ultimately, the parameters of each treatment unit responding to the design process are obtained through the experimental validation by means of the constructed experimental device.

Design Considerations for Hybridizing Additive Manufacturing and Direct Write Technologies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Blake Perez ◽  
Christopher B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Flexible Polymers ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Embedded Electronics

The layer-by-layer nature of additive manufacturing (AM) allows for access to the entire build volume of an artifact during manufacture, including its internal structure. Internal voids are accessible during the build process and allow for components to be embedded and sealed with subsequently printed layers. When AM is combined with Direct Write (DW) of conductive materials, the resulting hybrid process enables the direct manufacture of parts with embedded electronics, including interconnects and sensors. However, the hybridization of DW and AM technologies is non-trivial due to (i) identifying DW materials and processes that are compatible with AM infrastructure, throughput and resolution, (ii) temperature processing requirements, and (iii) interactions between the two materials. In this paper, the authors explore DW technologies and materials to identify those that are most compatible with AM. From this exploration, the authors abstract a set of generalized design considerations for the design of a hybrid AM and DW process. These considerations are then employed in a systematic design process in which a DW system for depositing conductive materials during the PolyJet manufacturing process is realized. The resulting system is able to create embedded functional electronic interconnects and sensors in printed parts composed of both stiff and flexible polymers.

Turn-location parameters for a continuous landing model. I. Road tangents

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509
Author(s):  
Francis E. Greulich
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Line Tangent ◽  
Similar Development ◽  
Circular Curve

Timber harvesting operations often employ continuous landings on or along truck road right-of-ways. During the harvest-unit design process forest engineers describe the spatial distribution of turns with respect to a proposed landing by distribution parameters such as average yarding distance and average yarding slope. In this two-part paper these parameters and others are derived for a continuous landing model. In this first paper, parameters are derived and applied to a continuous landing located on or along a road center-line tangent. In the second paper, a similar development is applied to a continuous landing located on or along the circular curve of a road.

Turn-location parameters for a continuous landing model. II. Circular curves

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515
Author(s):  
Francis E. Greulich
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Line Tangent ◽  
Circular Curves ◽  
Similar Development

Timber harvesting operations often employ continuous landings on or along truck road right-of-ways. During the harvest-unit design process forest engineers describe the spatial distribution of turns with respect to a proposed landing by distribution parameters such as average yarding distance and average yarding slope. In this two-part paper these parameters and others are derived for a continuous landing model. In the first paper, parameters were derived and applied to a continuous landing located on or along a road center-line tangent. In this second paper, a similar development is applied to a continuous landing located on or along the circular curve of a road.

Design Considerations for Continuum Robot Actuation Units Enabling Dexterous Transurethral Bladder Cancer Resection

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Giudice ◽  
Nima Sarli ◽  
Stanley D. Herrell ◽  
Nabil Simaan
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Continuum Robots ◽  
Position Sensing ◽  
Actuation Force ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Continuum Robot ◽  
Modular Format

The last decade has seen rapid growth in exploring the potential of continuum robots for a variety of surgical applications. The design of these robots requires unique electro-mechanical architectures of actuation units that satisfy operational requirements of precision, workspace, and payload capabilities. This paper presents the task-based design process of a compact nine degrees of freedom actuation unit for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). This actuation unit has a unique modular architecture allowing partial decoupling of actuation, force and position sensing in a compact modular format. The derivation of task specifications based on kinematic simulations takes into account workspace, accuracy and force application capabilities for TURBT. Design considerations for supporting modularity, serviceability, sterilization, and compactness are presented. The detailed exposition of the design process serves as a case study that will be helpful for other groups interested in the development and integration of surgical continuum robots.

scholarly journals Proposal for an Integrated Framework for Electronic Control Unit Design in the Automotive Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3816
Author(s):  
Aleksander Buczacki ◽  
Piotr Piątek
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Electrical Vehicle

The automotive sector is facing challenges in terms of the requirements for guaranteeing the safety and security of cars. In respect of the engineering process, it is challenging to incorporate functional safety, safety of the intended functionality, and cybersecurity requirements into electrical vehicles. All of these aspects impact not only the vehicles or ECUs produced, but also the structures of the organizations by which the products are created. Based on current standards, drafts of future standards, and an analysis of the performance of a real design process for the ECU of an electrical vehicle, we propose an integrated design framework from the perspective of cybersecurity. Therefore, a stronger emphasis is placed on correct estimations of cybersecurity activity processes. As they affect all areas of development, these estimations cannot be isolated considering the ECU’s design process. More cooperation between various stages of the process is required in order to provide complete products at an early stage of design and development. The challenge is the identification of overlapping activities and the combination of design efforts in order to reduce the time and costs of an engineering project. A dedicated process entity will be proposed to an engineering division to manage cybersecurity processes.

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