Turn-location parameters for a continuous landing model. II. Circular curves

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515
Author(s):  
Francis E. Greulich
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Line Tangent ◽  
Circular Curves ◽  
Similar Development

Timber harvesting operations often employ continuous landings on or along truck road right-of-ways. During the harvest-unit design process forest engineers describe the spatial distribution of turns with respect to a proposed landing by distribution parameters such as average yarding distance and average yarding slope. In this two-part paper these parameters and others are derived for a continuous landing model. In the first paper, parameters were derived and applied to a continuous landing located on or along a road center-line tangent. In this second paper, a similar development is applied to a continuous landing located on or along the circular curve of a road.

Turn-location parameters for a continuous landing model. I. Road tangents

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509
Author(s):  
Francis E. Greulich
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Line Tangent ◽  
Similar Development ◽  
Circular Curve

Timber harvesting operations often employ continuous landings on or along truck road right-of-ways. During the harvest-unit design process forest engineers describe the spatial distribution of turns with respect to a proposed landing by distribution parameters such as average yarding distance and average yarding slope. In this two-part paper these parameters and others are derived for a continuous landing model. In this first paper, parameters are derived and applied to a continuous landing located on or along a road center-line tangent. In the second paper, a similar development is applied to a continuous landing located on or along the circular curve of a road.

Design Calculations on the Recycle of Malysite in Sludge under the Synergistic Effect of Acidification and Ultrasonic

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 796-801
Author(s):  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Nai Rui Liu ◽  
Lei Lei Mi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Quality Material

During the recycle process of malysite in sludge under the synergistic effect of acidification and ultrasonic, the features of malysite, the principles and steps of design calculations for sludge malysite are introduced on the basis of the previous experimental data. According to the function, the design process can be classified into pretreatment unit, coagulation treatment unit, malysite recovery unit, sedimentation and filtration unit. Design calculations are conducted in the light of the requirements on design flow, cycle time, influent water quality, material and experimental data. Design calculations and selections as well as device construction are accomplished based on the design criterion of water treatment. Ultimately, the parameters of each treatment unit responding to the design process are obtained through the experimental validation by means of the constructed experimental device.

scholarly journals Distribution of Tropospheric Water Vapor in Clear and Cloudy Conditions from Microwave Radiometric Profiling

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia Iassamen ◽  
Henri Sauvageot ◽  
Nicolas Jeannin ◽  
Soltane Ameur
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Cumulus Clouds ◽  
Clapeyron Equation ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ecmwf Reanalysis

Abstract A dataset gathered over 369 days in various midlatitude sites with a 12-frequency microwave radiometric profiler is used to analyze the statistical distribution of tropospheric water vapor content (WVC) in clear and cloudy conditions. The WVC distribution inside intervals of temperature is analyzed. WVC is found to be well fitted by a Weibull distribution. The two Weibull parameters, the scale (λ) and shape (k), are temperature (T) dependent; k is almost constant, around 2.6, for clear conditions. For cloudy conditions, at T < −10°C, k is close to 2.6. For T > −10°C, k displays a maximum in such a way that skewness, which is positive in most conditions, reverses to negative in a temperature region approximately centered around 0°C (i.e., at a level where the occurrence of cumulus clouds is high). Analytical λ(T) and k(T) relations are proposed. The WVC spatial distribution can thus be described as a function of T. The mean WVC vertical profiles for clear and cloudy conditions are well described by a function of temperature of the same form as the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The WVCcloudy/WVCclear ratio is shown to be a linear function of temperature. The vertically integrated WV (IWV) is found to follow a Weibull distribution. The IWV Weibull distribution parameters retrieved from the microwave radiometric profiler agree very well with the ones calculated from the 15-yr ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-15) meteorological database. The radiometric retrievals compare fairly well to the corresponding values calculated from an operational radiosonde sounding dataset.

scholarly journals Proposal for an Integrated Framework for Electronic Control Unit Design in the Automotive Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3816
Author(s):  
Aleksander Buczacki ◽  
Piotr Piątek
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Electrical Vehicle

The automotive sector is facing challenges in terms of the requirements for guaranteeing the safety and security of cars. In respect of the engineering process, it is challenging to incorporate functional safety, safety of the intended functionality, and cybersecurity requirements into electrical vehicles. All of these aspects impact not only the vehicles or ECUs produced, but also the structures of the organizations by which the products are created. Based on current standards, drafts of future standards, and an analysis of the performance of a real design process for the ECU of an electrical vehicle, we propose an integrated design framework from the perspective of cybersecurity. Therefore, a stronger emphasis is placed on correct estimations of cybersecurity activity processes. As they affect all areas of development, these estimations cannot be isolated considering the ECU’s design process. More cooperation between various stages of the process is required in order to provide complete products at an early stage of design and development. The challenge is the identification of overlapping activities and the combination of design efforts in order to reduce the time and costs of an engineering project. A dedicated process entity will be proposed to an engineering division to manage cybersecurity processes.

Image Analysis Optimization for Quantifying Nanoparticle Dispersions in Polymer-based Nanocomposites Using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand S. Badami ◽  
Mark W. Beach ◽  
Stewart P. Wood ◽  
Steven J. Rozeveld ◽  
William A. Heeschen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Nanoparticle Dispersions ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Uniform Domains ◽  
Dispersion Quality

ABSTRACTWhen comparing large numbers of TEM micrographs of insoluble additives in polymer-based nanocomposite systems, the ability to determine or estimate the dispersion quality (i.e. uniformity of size and/or spatial distribution) is often difficult. The objective of this study was to develop a method to quantify dispersions observed in TEM micrographs that enables both a numerical “ranking” to be assigned to individual dispersions as well as tabulation a multitude of images acquired over time. Several methods were reviewed and applied to a set of TEM dispersion images of an insoluble additive in polystyrene. Projected area diameter, particle area, and Euclidean distance between particle centroids were chosen from all the particle size distribution and spatial distribution parameters present in the literature, but none successfully yielded a quantitative indicator of dispersion quality for the micrographs. In contrast, generating cumulative volume percent curves for each sample appeared to be a preferred method of quantifying and comparing dispersions in TEM micrographs. The volume diameter values obtained by this method can be used for “ranking” and tabulation of dispersion quality and account for both “good” additive dispersions (i.e. those with small domains of a narrow size range around 1 μm or less) and “bad” additive dispersions (i.e. those with non-uniform domains ranging in size by several microns or more). As a result, the numerical values generated by this method can be used to quantitatively determine correlations between the dispersion quality of nanoparticles in polymer-based nanocomposite materials and various macroscale physical and/or performance properties of such materials. This method’s precision was statistically determined to decrease with increasing particle size and be heavily dependent on representative sampling.

Design of Pneumatic Transmission System Base on FSC Car of South China University of Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Yong Zhuo Li ◽  
Run Qiang Lu ◽  
Shan Hu Yu ◽  
Shi Chao Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Design Process ◽  
South China ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Unit Design

The FSC racing pneumatic transmission system of South China University of Technology realize shift semi-automatic, drivers can be more convenient and completed shift operation in a shorter period of time,so as to improve the results of the competition. According to the preset program driving shift cylinderand clutch cylinder ,compressed carbon dioxide under the manipulation of electronic control unit complete whole transmission process. This paper detailed discusses actuator and electronic control unit design process, at the same time on debugging problems arising from the car, put forward the optimization direction of the system.

Method for the Early Development of a Bayesian Prior Time-to-Failure Distribution for an Evolutionary Product Design

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward O. Baun
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
New Product ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
New Information ◽  
Failure Distribution ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bayesian Prior

This paper describes a method for the development of a Bayesian prior time-to-failure distribution used as an early estimate of the reliability of a new product which is an evolution of a previous ancestor design. In new product development, it is desirable to estimate the reliability of that new product as early as possible in the development program, in order to quantify future financial risks as a result of service costs, and to facilitate risk-based decision-making. It is difficult to make these reliability estimates sufficiently early in the development cycle to be of use in decision-making because of a lack of information. However, this “lack of information” is often a perception only, particularly when a new design is an evolution of a previous design. Making use of the reliability-related knowledge from an ancestor design can improve the accuracy of reliability predictions of the evolutionary design before testing of that design even commences. The method proposed is as follows. First, develop the list of failure mechanisms for the new product. Second, develop the time-to-failure distribution parameters for each of those mechanisms from ancestor product data, including the uncertainty inherent in each of those parameters. Third, develop a list of all changes being made in the new product design which will affect the reliability of the new design for a particular failure mechanism. Fourth, quantify the impact of each design change as an improvement factor distribution. Fifth, combine the ancestor product time-to-failure distribution parameters and the improvement rate factors using propagation of uncertainty rules to produce an estimate of the time-to-failure distribution parameters for the evolutionary product for each mechanism. Lastly, use Bayes’ rule to incorporate new information as the design process progresses. This method will allow estimates of new product reliability to be made earlier in the product development cycle. In making these estimates, this method will formally use pertinent reliability-related information from the previous generations of a product, and information on the impact of proposed design improvements. The method is architected in a manner that facilitates a structured approach to capturing and managing changes in the state of knowledge regarding the reliability of the new product which occur as the design process progresses. As new information arrives during the design process, in the form of either new field reliability information from the ancestor design, or on the demonstrated effectiveness of design improvements, that information can be formally entered into the model, and the reliability predictions for the product of interest can be updated to reflect that new state of knowledge.

scholarly journals Development of Conceptual Modular Building Unit Design Framework for Inexperienced Designers at the Pre-Design Stage

2015 ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Moonseo Park ◽  
Hyun-soo Lee ◽  
Minjung Kim ◽  
Hosang Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Building Systems Integration

Modular building construction has been increasing interest in adopting and utilizing off-site production technologies in house building in many countries and regions. Despite increasing interest of the modular building method, most of researchers were less interested in to support inexperienced designer who never experience in modular building design process. The objective of this paper is development of modular building construction design process framework, focusing on to provide for start-up modular company’s inexperienced designers’ improvement of modular building design understanding and reduce design errors at the enforcement design stage. To achieve this purpose, this paper adopts Building Systems Integration (BSI) concepts into framework and describes each step following proposed framework. This paper provides more easy to understand for inexperienced designer understanding the modular building design process than current textual guidelines. Subsequently, proposed framework can be translating for training materials to inexperienced modular building design process designers

scholarly journals Quantifying the Distribution Characteristics of Geochemical Elements and Identifying Their Associations in Southwestern Fujian Province, China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Renguang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Multifractal Spectrum ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Geochemical Elements ◽  
Geochemical Dispersion ◽  
Southwestern Fujian

The distribution of geochemical elements in the surficial media is the end product of geochemical dispersion under complex geological conditions. This study explored the frequency and spatial distribution characteristics of geochemical elements and their associations. It quantifies the frequency distribution via mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis, followed by measuring the spatial distribution characteristics (i.e., spatial autocorrelation, heterogeneity and self-similarity) via semivariogram, q-statistic and multifractal spectrum, and further identify the elemental associations based on these distribution parameters using hierarchical clustering. A criterion was defined to identify the importance of parameters in the clustering procedure. A case study processing a geochemical dataset of stream sediment samples collected in southwestern Fujian province of China was carried out to illustrate and validate the procedure. The results indicate that studies of the frequency and spatial distribution characteristics of geochemical elements can enhance the knowledge of geochemical dispersions. The associations identified based on the frequency and spatial distribution parameters are different from those obtained by conventional cluster analysis. Spatial distribution characteristics cannot be neglected when investigating the distribution patterns of geochemical elements and their associations. The findings can enhance the knowledge of the geochemical dispersion in the study area and might benefit the following-up mineral exploration.

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