Ambophthalmos, a new genus for "Neophrynichthys" angustus and "Neophrynichthys" magnicirrus, and the systematic interrelationships of the fathead sculpins (Cottoidei, Psychrolutidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1344-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L Jackson ◽  
Joseph S Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Osteological Characters ◽  
Cladistic Classification

The new genus Ambophthalmos is recognised for "Neophrynichthys" angustus and "Neophrynichthys" magnicirrus, two southern Pacific psychrolutids. A hypothesis of psychrolutid phylogenetic relationships based on parsimony analysis of osteological characters is presented. Two synapomorphic characters suggest that A. angustus and A. magnicirrus form a monophyletic group: the supratemporal is posteriorly fused to the posttemporal and arch 2 is medially fused to its antimere. Four characters suggest that Cottunculus is monophyletic and five synapomorphic characters suggest that Ambophthalmos is sister to Cottunculus. A cladistic classification of the Psychrolutidae includes five subfamilies sequenced as Dasycottinae, new; Eurymeninae, new; Cottunculinae, redefined; Malacocottinae, new; and Psychrolutinae, unchanged.

Review of the phyline plant bug tribe Auricillocorini from Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and nine new species from Japan, Nepal and Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3530 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMOHIDE YASUNAGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
First Time

The phyline plant bug tribe Auricillocorini from Asia is reviewed; 23 species in 6 genera are shown to occur in the Indo-Pacific. A new genus, Artchawakomius, is proposed to accommodate two undescribed, morphologically novel species from Thailand. Nine new species are described from Japanese Ryukyus, Nepal or Thailand: Artchawakomius moteus, A. pius, Cleotomiris miyamotoi, C. yamadakazi, Cleotomiroides tobii, Wygomiris kaliyahae, W. nanae, W. ramae and Zaratus hidekun. Photographic images of living individuals are provided for all new species. The female genitalic structures, which have not been employed for classification of the Auricillocorini, are described and figured for six available species. Wygomiris indochinensis Schuh, known thus far only from Laos, is found also in Thailand; the female is reported for the first time. A checklist of Auricillocorini and a discussion on phylogenetic relationships for all known genera are provided.

Ebbepterote, a new genus for the Australian 'Eupterote' expansa (T. P. Lucas), with a revised classification of the family Eupterotidae (Lepidoptera)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Oberprieler ◽  
W. A. Nässig ◽  
E. D. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Tarsal Segment ◽  
The Family

The single and endemic species of Eupterote Hübner recorded from Australia is shown not to possess the male genitalia typical of this genus, nor of any other genus of Eupterotidae, and it is consequently placed in a new genus, Ebbepterote Oberprieler, Nässig & Edwards, as E. expansa (T. P. Lucas, 1891), comb. nov. Its genitalia are compared with those of many Asian and African genera of Eupterotidae, resulting in a revised classification and redefinition of the major eupterotid lineages. Five groups are defined: a probably paraphyletic 'basal' Ganisa-group and likely monophyletic subfamilies Janinae (including Tissanga Aurivillius and Hibrildes Druce), Striphnopteryginae, Eupterotinae and Panacelinae. Ebbepterote and the New Guinean 'Eupterote' styx Bethune-Baker species-complex are included in Striphnopteryginae, which is otherwise restricted to Africa. Cotana Walker is reassigned to Eupterotinae from Panacelinae and Sphingognatha Felder is resurrected from synonymy with Eupterote. The genitalia of Ebbepterote and several other critical genera are illustrated, demonstrating that the shape of the uncus does not constitute a suitable synapomorphy for defining the Eupterotidae as a monophyletic group. Another alleged eupterotid synapomorphy, the presence of a row of midventral spurs on the apical tarsal segment of the hindleg of the female, is shown to occur only sporadically in the family but also outside of it, in the lemoniid–brahmaeid–sphingid clade of Bombycoidea. As a result, the monophyly of the Eupterotidae currently rests only on a single, cryptic character of the mesoscutum of the imago and is in urgent need of substantiation.

A new genusLiaousof early Anisian Stage (Middle Triassic) brachiopods from southwestern China: systematics, reassessment of classification of the Spiriferinioidea, community paleoecology, and paleoenvironmental implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong He ◽  
Kexin Zhang ◽  
Zhong-Qiang Chen ◽  
Jiaxin Yan ◽  
Tinglu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
High Dominance

AbstractThis paper describes a new genusLiaous, withL. shaiwensisHe and Chen n. gen. n. sp. as the type species, from the Xinyuan Formation of Anisian age in Ziyun, southern Guizhou, China. The phylogenetic tree revealed by the parsimony analysis shows thatLiaousis closely allied to bothMentzeliaQuenstedt, 1871 andParamentzeliaXu, 1978 of the subfamily Mentzeliinae. A new classification scheme for the Spiriferinoidea is also proposed based on a phylogenetic tree of the superfamily indicated by parsimony analysis. The Spiriferinoidea includes three families and nine subfamilies. Three new subfamilies—Madoinae He and Chen, new subfam., Qinghaispiriferininae He and Chen, new subfam., and Triadispirinae He and Chen, new subfam. are proposed.Liaous shaiwensisHe and Chen n. gen. n. sp. is found in thePosidonia wengensis-Liaous shaiwensis(P-L) paleocommunity, which is dominated by r-strategists (i.e., organisms defined by a fauna with a high dominance and small body sizes) and has a low diversity and high dominance. The P-L paleocommunity therefore has little similarity to its coeval communities from the Anisian Stage of South China and instead it appears more similar to the Lower Triassic shelly faunas in community structures. This paleocommunity is interpreted to have inhabited a relatively deep, low-energy, dysaerobic offshore basin/slope setting with the influence of episodic storms.

scholarly journals Crittendenia gen. nov., a new lichenicolous lineage in the Agaricostilbomycetes (Pucciniomycotina), and a review of the biology, phylogeny and classification of lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Ana M. Millanes ◽  
Paul Diederich ◽  
Martin Westberg ◽  
Mats Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Phylogeny And Evolution

AbstractThe lichenicolous ‘heterobasidiomycetes’ belong in the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina) and in the Pucciniomycotina. In this paper, we provide an introduction and review of these lichenicolous taxa, focusing on recent studies and novelties of their classification, phylogeny and evolution. Lichen-inhabiting fungi in the Pucciniomycotina are represented by only a small number of species included in the genera Chionosphaera, Cyphobasidium and Lichenozyma. The phylogenetic position of the lichenicolous representatives of Chionosphaera has, however, never been investigated by molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear SSU, ITS, and LSU ribosomal DNA markers reveal that the lichenicolous members of Chionosphaera form a monophyletic group in the Pucciniomycotina, distinct from Chionosphaera and outside the Chionosphaeraceae. The new genus Crittendenia is described to accommodate these lichen-inhabiting species. Crittendenia is characterized by minute synnemata-like basidiomata, the presence of clamp connections and aseptate tubular basidia from which 4–7 spores discharge passively, often in groups. Crittendenia, Cyphobasidium and Lichenozyma are the only lichenicolous lineages known so far in the Pucciniomycotina, whereas Chionosphaera does not include any lichenicolous taxa.

scholarly journals A new genus of sinogaleaspids (Galeaspida, stem-Gnathostomata) from the Silurian Period in Jiangxi, China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9008
Author(s):  
Xianren Shan ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Wenjin Zhao ◽  
Zhaohui Pan ◽  
Pingli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Sensory Canal ◽  
Lower Silurian

Galeaspids are an endemic clade of jawless stem-gnathostomes known as ostracoderms. Their existence illuminates how specific characteristics developed in jawed vertebrates. Sinogaleaspids are of particular interest among the galeaspids but their monophyly is controversial because little is known about Sinogaleaspis xikengensis. Newly discovered sinogaleaspids from the Lower Silurian of Jiangxi, China provide a wealth of data and diagnostic features used to establish the new genus, Rumporostralis gen. nov., for Sinogaleaspis xikengensis. A morphological study showed that the sensory canal system of sinogaleaspids had mosaic features similar to those of three known galeaspids. There are 3–8 pairs of transverse canals in the Sinogaleaspidae, which suggests that the sensory canal system of galeaspid probably had a grid distribution with transverse canals arranged throughout the cephalic division. Phylogenetic analysis of Galeaspida supports the monophyly of the Sinogaleaspidae, consisting of Sinogaleaspis, Rumporostralis, and Anjiaspis. However, Shuyu and Meishanaspis form another monophyletic group, Shuyuidae fam. nov., which is outside all other eugaleaspidiforms. We propose a cladistically-based classification of Galeaspida based on our analysis.

Guasuctenus gen. nov., a new Neotropical spider genus of Ctenidae (Araneae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
DANIELE POLOTOW ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
As Species

The new genus Guasuctenus gen. nov. is described based on the results of a recent phylogenetic analysis. This phylogeny, which included representatives of all Ctenidae subfamilies, showed that the genus Ctenus as currently defined, does not comprise a monophyletic group. The results indicated that several species are misplaced in Ctenus and should be transferred to new genera. Aiming to correct the placement of two species originally described in Ctenus, we propose the new genus Guasuctenus to accommodate those species and better represent their phylogenetic relationships. Guasuctenus is supported by the presence of a dorsal cymbial projection in the male palp. Previously regarded as a subspecies, Ctenus longipes vittatissimus Strand, 1916 is here ranked as species, and Guasuctenus longipes (Keyserling, 1891) new comb. and G. vittatissimus (Strand, 1916) new rank, new comb. are redescribed. Ctenus griseus Keyserling, 1891 is recognized as a junior synyonym of Ctenus longipes Keyserling, 1891. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of Guasuctenus vittatissimus (Strand, 1016) are designated for stability. The species of the genus are distributed in southern Brazil and Uruguay. 

scholarly journals Phylogeny and classification of the Bucconidae (Aves, Galbuliformes) based on osteological characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. e20206027
Author(s):  
Sérgio Roberto Posso ◽  
Reginaldo José Donatelli ◽  
Vitor Q. Piacentini ◽  
Anderson Guzzi
Keyword(s):  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Osteological Characters

The puffbirds (Bucconidae) are relatively poorly studied birds whose intrafamilial relationships have not yet been explored within a phylogenetic framework in a published study. Here, we performed a parsimony analysis of osteological data obtained following the examination of all the genera and 32 out of the 36 species recognized in Bucconidae currently. The analysis yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (426 minimum steps). Ambiguous relationships were observed only in Notharcus ordii, Malacoptila fusca, and Nonnula rubecula. Notably, Bucco was polyphyletic, leading to the resurrection of Cyphos and Tamatia. In addition, the osteological data provided a well-resolved phylogeny (topological dichotomies) and the support indices indicated that most of the nodes were robust at all hierarchical levels. We thus propose the first revised classification of the Bucconidae.

The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. II. Cladistic analysis of structural data and description of Neocallimasticales ord.nov.

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Li ◽  
I. Brent Heath ◽  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Chytridiomycota and the chytridiomycetous gut fungi with a cladistic analysis of 42 morphological, ultrastructural, and mitotic characters for 38 taxa using both maximum parsimony and distance algorithms. Our analyses show that there are three major clades within the Chytridiomycota: the gut fungi, the Blastocladiales, and the Spizellomycetales–Chytridiales–Monoblepharidales. Consequently, we elevated the gut fungi to the order Neocallimasticales ord.nov. Our results suggest that a modified Chytridiales, including the Monoblepharidales, is a monophyletic group. In contrast the Spizellomycetales are paraphyletic because the Chytridiales arose within them. The separation of the traditional Chytridiales into two orders is thus doubtful. Although the Blastocladiales are closer to members of the Spizellomycetales than the Chytridiales, the cladistic analyses of both structural and rRNA sequence data do not support the idea that the Blastocladiales were derived from the Spizellomycetales. We suggest emendations to the classification of the Chytridiomycota and note which groupings require further analysis. Our phylogeny for the currently recognized species of gut fungi is inconsistent with the existing classification. Nonetheless, pending further investigations, we prefer to retain the existing, easily defined genera for which a key is provided. Key words: Chytridiomycota, rumen fungi, phylogeny, morphology, ultrastructure, mitosis.

scholarly journals Systematic relations among Philornis Meinert, Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and allied genera (Diptera, Muscidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Couri ◽  
C. J. B. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Retention Index ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Minimal Tree ◽  
Old World ◽  
Tree Length

Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and Philornis Meinert are the only known Muscidae whose larvae are parasites of birds. Passeromyia is known from the Old World and Philornis from the New World. Opinions on the relations between these two genera and their systematic positions among the Muscidae have varied. This survey aims to clear the discussion on the relations of Passeromyia, Philornis, and of some allied genera and give an overview of the classification of the Muscidae based on cladistic methodology. Thirty-two terminal taxa (2 of them outgroups) were analysed based on 54 characters. The cladistic analysis, carried out using Hennig86, resulted in 1 minimal tree (length 373), with a consistency index of 71 and a retention index of 85. Philornis and Passeromyia belong to a monophyletic group, supported by a synapomorphy, the presence of a cocoon, enclosing the pupa. The phylogenetic relationships found in this group are: (Muscina (Philornis (Phaonina ((Fraserella, Passeromyia) (Synthesiomyia (Calliphoroides, Reinwardtia)))))). Other probable monophyletic muscid groups, like Muscinae (with Stomoxyini and Muscini) and Coenosiinae (with Limnophorini and Coenosiini) are also discussed. Phylogenetic patterns within Reinwardtinae and Dichaetomyiinae could be explained by a Gondwana distribution.

Phylogeny and reclassification of Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiana N. Zamprogno ◽  
Celso O. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Old World ◽  
Current Classification

The current classification ofPristoceradoes not have taxonomic or cladistic support, which results in mistakes during the allocation of its species, especially within the generaDicrogenium,Kathepyris,NeodicrogeniumandDiepyris. This study aimed to verify the monophyly and to present a cladistic hypothesis for the genus. The analyses were based on 147 characters of 50 terminal taxa. Parsimony analyses under both equal and implied weightings were performed. All cladograms obtained by the implied weighting recoveredPristoceraand all four related genera as polyphyletic. A monophyletic group withPristoceraand the other genera of the inner group was formed. This group was supported by 13 synapomorphies, with one of them exclusive, as follows: the presence of a hypopygium that was divided into two parts. Based on our results, the following new genus-group synonyms were established:Dicrogenium,Kathepyris,NeodicrogeniumandDiepyrissyn.n. forPristocera, and their 39 species were combined with the latter. The following new names are proposed to avoid homonyms:Pristocera zatanom.n. forDicrogenium bequaertiBenoit,Pristocera zelanom.n. forKathepyris katangensisBenoit,Pristocera zinticanom.n. forKathepyris uelensisBenoit,Pristocera zontanom.n. forNeodicrogenium bequaertiBenoit andPristocera zuncranom.n. forNeodicrogenium tuberculatum(Turner). Therefore,Pristoceranow comprises 124 species from the Old World.

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