The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. II. Cladistic analysis of structural data and description of Neocallimasticales ord.nov.

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Li ◽  
I. Brent Heath ◽  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Chytridiomycota and the chytridiomycetous gut fungi with a cladistic analysis of 42 morphological, ultrastructural, and mitotic characters for 38 taxa using both maximum parsimony and distance algorithms. Our analyses show that there are three major clades within the Chytridiomycota: the gut fungi, the Blastocladiales, and the Spizellomycetales–Chytridiales–Monoblepharidales. Consequently, we elevated the gut fungi to the order Neocallimasticales ord.nov. Our results suggest that a modified Chytridiales, including the Monoblepharidales, is a monophyletic group. In contrast the Spizellomycetales are paraphyletic because the Chytridiales arose within them. The separation of the traditional Chytridiales into two orders is thus doubtful. Although the Blastocladiales are closer to members of the Spizellomycetales than the Chytridiales, the cladistic analyses of both structural and rRNA sequence data do not support the idea that the Blastocladiales were derived from the Spizellomycetales. We suggest emendations to the classification of the Chytridiomycota and note which groupings require further analysis. Our phylogeny for the currently recognized species of gut fungi is inconsistent with the existing classification. Nonetheless, pending further investigations, we prefer to retain the existing, easily defined genera for which a key is provided. Key words: Chytridiomycota, rumen fungi, phylogeny, morphology, ultrastructure, mitosis.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

scholarly journals Systematic relations among Philornis Meinert, Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and allied genera (Diptera, Muscidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Couri ◽  
C. J. B. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Retention Index ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Minimal Tree ◽  
Old World ◽  
Tree Length

Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and Philornis Meinert are the only known Muscidae whose larvae are parasites of birds. Passeromyia is known from the Old World and Philornis from the New World. Opinions on the relations between these two genera and their systematic positions among the Muscidae have varied. This survey aims to clear the discussion on the relations of Passeromyia, Philornis, and of some allied genera and give an overview of the classification of the Muscidae based on cladistic methodology. Thirty-two terminal taxa (2 of them outgroups) were analysed based on 54 characters. The cladistic analysis, carried out using Hennig86, resulted in 1 minimal tree (length 373), with a consistency index of 71 and a retention index of 85. Philornis and Passeromyia belong to a monophyletic group, supported by a synapomorphy, the presence of a cocoon, enclosing the pupa. The phylogenetic relationships found in this group are: (Muscina (Philornis (Phaonina ((Fraserella, Passeromyia) (Synthesiomyia (Calliphoroides, Reinwardtia)))))). Other probable monophyletic muscid groups, like Muscinae (with Stomoxyini and Muscini) and Coenosiinae (with Limnophorini and Coenosiini) are also discussed. Phylogenetic patterns within Reinwardtinae and Dichaetomyiinae could be explained by a Gondwana distribution.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Phylogenetic relationships of the African genera Alestes and Brycinus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Alestidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray ◽  
Kathlyn M Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The family Alestidae (also referred to as the African Characidae) comprises the African dwarf forms ("Petersiini") and the genera Alestes, Brycinus, Bryconaethiops, and Hydrocynus. Although several authors have presented characters to support the monophyly of the family, a cladistic analysis of the group has not been published. Furthermore, the interrelationships of the constituent groups are the subject of some controversy. A cladistic analysis of the Alestidae is presented, including characters to support the monophyly of the family. The results of this study indicate that several species should be removed from the genus Brycinus, that Hydrocynus is the sister group of Alestes s.str. (containing only five species), and that the dwarf alestids ("Petersiini") do not form a monophyletic group.

Systematic Wood Anatomy of Cornaceae and Allies

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noshiro ◽  
P. Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Remarkable Agreement

The wood anatomy of Comaceae, Alangiaceae, Garryaceae, and Nyssaceae constituting the Comales in the sense of Cronquist (1981, 1988) is described in great detail and subjected to a cladistic analysis. A microscopic identification key to the woods studied is given. The alliance includes seventeen genera, mostly of trees and shrubs, very rarely herbs. Although wood anatomically fairly homogeneous, variation exists in both qualitative and quantitative characters. Some of the latter show distinct latitudinal trends within individual genera, and character states have only been recognised taking their latitudinal dependencies into account. The character states ultimately recognised in these continuously varying quantitative characters coincide with intergeneric or intersectional gaps. The cladistic analysis based on a datamatrix with twentyone characters (Table 3) and using Cereidiphyllum, Daphniphyllum, and Hamamelis as outgroups yielded a strict consensus tree with a quadrichotomy with two monophyletic clades, Hydrangea panieulata (a representative of the closely allied Hydrangeaceae) and Daphniphyllum (Fig. 81). One weakly supported clade includes Alangium, Camptotheea, Cornus, Curtisia, Davidia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, and Nyssa without any robust lineages among them. The other genera, Aralidium, Aueuba, Corokia, Garrya, Griselinia, Helwingia, Melanophylla and Toricellia, constitute a second, well-supported clade. Two Hydrangea taxa included in the analysis nest in the second clade and a basal branching respectively. The wood anatomical diversity pattern thus supports a family concept of Comaceae including Cornus, Curtisia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, Alangiaceae, and Nyssaceae, and exclusion of the genera in the other clade. There is remarkable agreement between some of these wood anatomical r~sults and recent cladistic analyses of rbcL sequences by Xiang and co-workers. The infrageneric classification of Cornus, Alangium and Nyssa is also discussed.

Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geane Lanes ◽  
Celso Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Its Phylogeny

AbstractSclerodermini are a small tribe of parasitoid wasps, with 13 genera worldwide. Its phylogeny has already been investigated, but doubts still exist about the taxonomic classification of the tribe and its genera. The phylogenetic relationships of Sclerodermini are inferred from a cladistic analysis based on 72 female characters. The dataset was analyzed under equal weights parsimony and implied weighting. To assess the monophyly of the Sclerodermini, representatives of Cephalonomiini were also included in the taxon sample. The Cephalonomiini were retrieved as monophyletic and nested well within Sclerodermini, indicating the paraphyly of the latter tribe. The genus Discleroderma Kieffer, 1904 is polyphyletic, and we transfer Discleroderma yakushimensis Terayama, 1999 and D. undulatum Krombein, 1996 to Sclerodermus Latreille, 1809. Lepidosternopsis sulcata Azevedo, 1999 and L. brasiliensis (Evans, 1973) do not belong to Lepidosternopsis Ogloblin, 1953; we propose to reinstate the genus Nothepyris Evans, 1973 to accommodate these two species. The genus Glenosema Kieffer, 1905 is polyphyletic and we transfer Glenosema viduatus (Turner, 1928) to Epyris Westwood, 1832. In addition, Discleroderma yemenensis Lanes & Azevedo sp. n., Discleroderma indiensis Lanes & Azevedo sp. n., Glenosema denteata Lanes & Azevedo sp. n., Glenosema elevata Lanes & Azevedo sp. n., Platepyris sepalus Lanes & Azevedo gen. n., sp. n., and Tuberepyris basibrevis Lanes & Azevedo gen. n., sp. n. are described and illustrated.

Affinities of the Australian endemic akaniaceae: New evidence from rbcL sequences

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Gradek ◽  
CJ Quinn ◽  
JE Rodman ◽  
KG Karol ◽  
E Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Ordinal Level ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

The affinities of the Australian monotypic endemic family Akaniaceae, traditionally assigned to the Sapindales, are reassessed on the basis of comparative sequence data for the chloroplast encoded gene, rbcL. Cladistic analyses show Akania to cluster robustly with Bretschneidera and then Tropaeolum, within the clade of glucosinolate Capparalean families. Eight species representing six other families assigned to the Sapindales, plus Leitneria, formed a monophyletic cluster in 100% of trees in a bootstrap analysis with 500 replicates. This Sapindalean clade is shown to be supported by 17 synapomorphs, only one of which occurs in Akania. Relationships at the ordinal level, among the Sapindalean, Malvalean, Capparalean and Myrtalean clades, are, however, not well resolved. While the most parsimonious arrangement has the Malvales as sister-group to the Sapindales, with the Capparalean and Myrtalean clades joining in sequence, the occurrence of an apomorphic triplet of bases at positions 294–6 in all members of the Malvales, Myrtales and Sapindales so far examined is tentative evidence that these orders may constitute a monophyletic group.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Phylogeny of Culicomorpha (Insecta: Diptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Zehui Kang ◽  
Shuangmei Ding ◽  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Chris Borkent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
Mt Genome

Culicomorpha is a monophyletic group containing most bloodsucking lower dipterans, including many important vectors of pathogens. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Culicomorpha are largely unresolved, with multiple competing hypotheses based on molecular sequence data. Here we sequenced four nearly complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes representing four culicomorph families, and combined these new data with published mt genomes to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of all eight extant culicomorph families. We estimated phylogenies using four datasets and three methods. We also used four-cluster likelihood mapping to study potential incongruent topologies supported by the different datasets and phylogenetic questions generated by the previous studies. The results showed that a clade containing Ceratopogonidae, Thaumaleidae and Simuliidae was the sister group to all other Culicomorpha; in another clade, the Dixidae was basal to the remaining four families; Chaoboridae, Corethrellidae and Culicidae formed a monophyletic group and the Chironomidae was the sister group to this clade; Culicidae and Corethrellidae were sister groups in all trees. Our study provides novel mt genome data in Culicomorpha for three new family representatives, and the resulting mt phylogenomic analysis helps to resolve the phylogeny and taxonomy of Culicomorpha.

scholarly journals A Phylogenetic Investigation of the New Zealand  Pteridaceae Ferns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Whitney L M Bouma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Species Specific

<p>The fern family Pteridaceae is among the largest fern families in New Zealand. It comprises 17 native species among five genera. Traditionally the classification of Pteridaceae was based on morphological characters. The advent of molecular technology, now makes is possible to test these morphology-based classifications. The Pteridaceae has previously been subjected to phylogenetic analyses; however representatives from New Zealand and the South Pacific have never been well represented in these studies. This thesis research aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae, as well as, the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand species to their overseas relatives. The DNA sequences of several Chloroplast loci (e.g. trnL-trnF locus, rps4 and rps4-trnS IGS, atpB, and rbcL) were determined and the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae and several species-specific question within the genus Pellaea and Adiantum were investigated. Results presented in this thesis confirm previously published phylogenetics of the Pteridaceae, which show the resolution of five major clades, i.e.,cryptogrammoids, ceratopteridoids, pteridoids, cheilanthoids, and the adiantoids. The addition of the New Zealand species revealed a possible South West Pacific groups formed by the respective genera, where New Zealand species were generally more related to one another than to overseas relatives. Within the New Zealand Pellaea, the analysis of the trnL-trnF locus sequence data showed that the morphologically-intermediate plants P. aff. falcata, responsible for taxonomic confusion, were more closely related to P. rotundifolia than to P. falcata. Furthermore, the species collected on the Kermadec Islands, previously thought to be P. falcata, are genetically distinct from the Australian P. falcata and they could constitute a new species. Adiantum hispidulum, which is polymorphic for two different hair types being used to distinguish them as different species, was also reinvestigated morphologically and molecularly. Morphological inspection of hairs revealed three hair types as opposed to the previous thought two, and furthermore, they correspond to three different trnL-trnF sequences haplotypes.</p>

Phylogenetic relationships and a new classification of the family Cyclopteridae (Perciformes: Cottoidei)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4221 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANAMI OKU ◽  
HISASHI IMAMURA ◽  
MAMORU YABE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Process ◽  
Transformation Series

 Phylogenetic relationships of the family Cyclopteridae were reconstructed based on osteological and external characters.  The monophyly of the family was strongly supported by 47 commonly recognized synapomorphies, including six autapomorphies (plus one additional autapomorphy, presence of a dorsal process on the pelvis, recognized after the phylogenetic analysis) among the suborder Cottoidei.  As a result of the cladistic analysis, a single most parsimonious phylogeny was obtained, based on characters in 32 transformation series.  A new classification of Cyclopteridae based on reconstructed relationships, including three subfamilies [Liparopsinae, Cyclopterinae and Eumicrotreminae (newly established)] and four genera (Aptocyclus, Cyclopsis, Cyclopterus and Eumicrotremus), is proposed.    

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