Diel variations in the effect of spates on mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Creek Water ◽  
Diel Variations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Field experiments were carried out to determine whether there are diel variations in the effect of spates on baetid mayflies. Short-term spates were created in experimental streamside channels by pumping filtered creek water into selected channels at various times of day, resulting in three- or four-fold increases in discharge. Drift samples were collected before, during, and after spates; benthic samples were collected before and after. Drift rates of Baetis from channels in spate were higher than controls at all times of day. Natural increases in drift were observed in all channels after sunset, and drift rates from channels in spate were highest at this time. The susceptibility of nymphs to drift from channels was calculated as the ratio of drift densities in spate and control channels. Baetis appeared to be more vulnerable to spates after sunset than at dawn or midday. In unmanipulataed flow, large nymphs occurred most frequently in the drift after sunset. Spates had no apparent effect on the size distribution of nymphs in the drift compared with unmanipulated flows at the same time. These spates were not large enough and (or) long enough to greatly decrease mayfly densities in the benthos. It is notable, however, that benthic densities of Baetis were reduced significantly only by one spate at dusk.

A Comparative Study on Short-Term Effects of Compression Orthosis and Exercises in the Treatment of Pectus Carinatum: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Feasibility Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Giray ◽  
Nezih Onur Ermerak ◽  
Yeliz Bahar-Ozdemir ◽  
Melihat Kalkandelen ◽  
Mustafa Yuksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pectus Carinatum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction Pectus carinatum (PC) is a congenital chest wall deformity which is characterized by the protrusion of the sternum and costal cartilages. Although orthotic and exercise therapies are commonly offered by physicians for PC treatment, there is a lack of evidence on the benefits of exercises and how long the orthosis should be worn. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and feasibility of custom-made compression orthosis and exercises in the treatment of PC. Materials and Methods Patients with PC aged 7 to 17 years old were randomized into three groups: compression orthosis 23 hours, compression orthosis 8 hours, and control group. All groups received exercises for 1 hour a day for 3 weeks. Additionally, compression orthosis 23 hours group wore the orthosis for 23 hours a day, while compression orthosis 8 hours group wore the orthosis for 8 hours a day. PC protrusion, pressure of correction, thorax lateral and anteroposterior parameters, external chest wall measurements, and Nuss Questionnaire were evaluated before and after the treatment. Also, adverse effects, retention, and compliance were assessed. Feasibility was evaluated by calculating the percentages of recruitment, retention, and safety. Results The compression orthosis 23 hours group showed greater improvements than the other groups. After treatment, all groups showed significant changes in protrusion, pressure of correction, and external chest wall measurements. Adverse events occurred with similar frequency across groups. Retention percentages did not differ among groups. Conclusion Compression orthosis use for 23 hours can be recommended rather than its use for 8 hours because 23 hours of orthosis use has better correction and similar adverse effects.

scholarly journals Effects of water volume rates on spray deposition and control of tarnished plant bug [Hemiptera : Miridae] in strawberry crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Panneton ◽  
A. Bélanger ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
M. Piché ◽  
M. Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insecticidal Treatment ◽  
And Control

Field experiments were performed on the effect of three volumes of application on spray deposition and insecticidal efficacy against the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) in two strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cultivars, Kent and Chambly. The rate of application of malathion was kept constant at 4.5 kg a.i. ha-1 for volumes of application of 500 and 1500 L ha-1. Plant coverage was measured using a fluorescent tracer applied at volumes of application of 500, 1000 and 1500 L ha-1. The tracer was recovered from samples taken from different plant locations and on the ground. Tarnished plant bug populations were evaluated 24 hours before and after insecticidal treatment. When coverage data were normalized for a fixed active ingredient rate, an increase in the volume of application from 500 to 1500 L ha-1 frequently had no effect on the amount of tracer recovered at the various locations. On some occasions, an increase in volume of application resulted in a decrease in the amount of tracer recovered, i.e. leaves at the top and bottom of the canopy (Kent), sepals (Kent). Tarnished plant bug population control was commercially acceptable at 500 and 1500 L ha-1.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term peripheral myopic defocus on ocular biometrics using Fresnel “press-on” lenses in humans 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kubota ◽  
Nabin R Joshi ◽  
Inna Samandarova ◽  
Maksud Oliva ◽  
Arkady Selenow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study assessed axial length and choroidal thickness changes following short-term peripheral myopic defocus in normal adult subjects. Twenty subjects underwent defocus sessions by viewing a full-field projected movie 4 meters away for 4 hours in the morning, while wearing spectacle lenses, corrected for distance vision in both eyes. The right eye, serving as the test eye, was peripherally defocused using a Fresnel lens overlay of + 3.50D with a central aperture of 11.5 mm, while the left eye served as the control. A subset of 10 subjects from the same cohort also underwent additional defocus sessions with + 5.00D of peripheral defocus. Axial length was measured and radial sub-foveal choroidal scans were obtained before and after the defocus sessions. The mean increase in axial length of the test eyes was 8 µm (p < 0.05) less than that of the control eyes with + 3.50D peripheral defocus condition and 14 µm (p < 0.05) less than the control eyes with + 5.00 D peripheral defocus condition. The difference in mean changes for choroidal thickness between test and control eyes were not significant for both dioptric conditions. Our results demonstrated that short-term peripheral myopic defocus significantly inhibited axial elongation in adult humans, without significant changes in choroidal thickness.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO SHORT DURATION (4 WEEK & 6 WEEK) PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON AGILITY PERFORMANCE IN SEMI - PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS (A COMPARATIVE STUDY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Abraar Siddiqui ◽  
Manali Desai (PT) ◽  
Mayuri Ghumatkar (PT) ◽  
Ajay Kumar (PT)
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Background: Plyometric training (PT) has been shown to improve agility among sports which require aerobic endurance. Semi-professional football players need a short-term training program which will improve their performance in competitive matches even due to time constraint or lack of professional training. The study aims to identify effectiveness of two short duration program 4 week or 6-week plyometric training on agility in semi-professional football players. Method: In this comparative experimental study, 45 semi-professional football players were selected and randomly divided into three groups. One group underwent 4 weeks of plyometric training, other group 6 weeks of plyometric training and control was third group. All the participants performed Agility T test before and after completion of training. Result: Data was recorded and used for statistical analysis. There was statistically signicant difference between pre (15.05 + 0.81) seconds and post (14.8 + 0.58) seconds values after 4- weeks of Plyometric training & pre (15.05 + 0.81) seconds and post (14.4 + 0.70) seconds values after 6- weeks of plyometric training. Intergroup comparison between all three groups showed no difference between 4 weeks and 6 weeks of plyometric training. (p>0.05) Conclusion: Thus, our study shows that both the short-term training programs are equally effective in improving agility among semi – professional football players.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term peripheral myopic defocus on ocular biometrics using Fresnel “press-on” lenses in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kubota ◽  
Nabin R. Joshi ◽  
Inna Samandarova ◽  
Maksud Oliva ◽  
Arkady Selenow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis study assessed axial length and choroidal thickness changes following short-term peripheral myopic defocus in normal adult subjects. Twenty subjects underwent defocus sessions by viewing a full-field projected movie 4 m away for 4 h in the morning, while wearing spectacle lenses, corrected for distance vision in both eyes. The right eye, serving as the test eye, was peripherally defocused using a Fresnel lens overlay of + 3.50 D with a central clear aperture of 11.5 mm (correlating to a clear central visual field of approximately 23°), while the left eye served as the control (with no Fresnel lens overlay). A subset of 10 subjects from the same cohort also underwent additional defocus sessions with + 5.00 D of peripheral defocus. Axial length was measured and radial sub-foveal choroidal scans were obtained before and after the defocus sessions. The increase in axial length of the test eyes were significantly less than the control eyes under both peripheral defocus conditions (p < 0.05). The difference in mean change for choroidal thickness between test and control eyes was not significant for either dioptric condition. Our results demonstrated that short-term peripheral myopic defocus significantly inhibited axial elongation in adult humans, without significant changes in choroidal thickness.

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF BMV ON P WAVE DISPERSION AND SHORT TERM PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF P WAVE DISPERSION IN PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON MITRAL VALVULOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND SINUS RHYTHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Daulat Singh Meena ◽  
Vijay Pathak ◽  
Anoop Jain ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Ola
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Short Term ◽  
P Wave Dispersion ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral  valvuloplasty (PBMV) on P wave dispersion and to test the correlation between P-maximum and  P-dispersion to right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure before and after PMBV. Also to study the impact of P-maximum and P-wave dispersion on the short term clinical outcome after successful PBMV in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm. Methods: 75 patients undergoing PMBV were enrolled in this study. We evaluated P-maximum, P-minimum and P-wave dispersion before and one month and one year after PBMV . We studied the changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), left atrial (LA) dimension, mitral diastolic gradient, and mitral valve area, in addition to the changes in right ventricular function utilizing tissue Doppler assessment both before and after PMBV, in addition the role of the P-wave dispersion in prediction of late cardiac events. Results: There were significant decrease in mean diastolic gradient, PAP, and LA size and significant improvement in right ventricular tissue Doppler indices after PMBV. Accompany these hemodynamic changes after PMBV. P-maximum and P-wave dispersion were found to be decreased (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Successful PBMV was associated with a decrease in Pmax and PWD. These simple electrocardiographic indices may predict the success of the procedure immediately after PBMV.  The P-maximum and P-wave dispersion changes were correlated with significant impairment of right dysfunction and the degree of pulmonary artery pressure. Keywords: PBMV.PAP,LA

EFEKTIVITAS METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PADA PENGAJARAN SISTEM KOLOID

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hamda Situmorang ◽  
Manihar Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Colloid System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract Implementation of demonstration method in the teaching of chemistry is assigned as the right strategy to improve students’ achievement as it is proved that the method can bring an abstract concept to reality in the class. The study is conducted to vocational high school students in SMKN1 Pargetteng getteng Sengkut Pakfak Barat at accademic year 2013. The teaching has been carried out three cycles on the teaching of chemistry topic of colloid system. In the study, the class is divided into two class, experiment class and control class. The demontration method is used to teach students in experimental class while the teaching in control class is conducted with lecture method. Both are evaluated by using multiple choise tests before and after the teaching procedures, and the ability of students to answer the problems are assigned as students’ achievements. The results showed that demonstration method improved students’ achievement in chemistry. The students in experimental class who are taughed with demonstration method (M=19.08±0.74) have higher achievements compare with control class (M=12.91±2.52), and both are significantly different (tcalculation 22.85 > ttable 1.66). The effectivity of demostration method in experimental class (97%) is found higer compare to conventional method in control class (91%).

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Model to Improve Iraqi EFL Learners’ Pronunciation in English at University Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 631-654
Author(s):  
Khaldoon Waleed Husam Al-Mofti
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
English Pronunciation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

For Iraqi EFL learners who are studying English pronunciation in a traditional instruction method often requires more effort and hard work. Thus, using new methods of teaching such as the flipped classroom model (FCM) is necessary to facilitate learning and improve performance. Hence, this study reports on explanatory research that investigates the effect of using the FCM in the teaching of English pronunciation for Iraqi EFL learners at the university level. The study implemented mixed research methods for data collection in a quasi-experimental analysis. Therefore, two tests were conducted on the assigned groups to measure the effect of the FCM before and after the intervention. Besides, a questionnaire and interviews were used on the experiment group students to collect data about their perceptions of the FCM. The study length (lasted)  was 15 weeks and is comprised of 60 students from the department of English, College of Arts at the University of Anbar. The students were divided into two groups, experimental, and control with 30 students in each group. The findings revealed that there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental group with better performance, indicating that the FCM has considerably assisted the Iraqi EFL learners to improve their English pronunciation. Moreover, the students expressed their positive feedback and satisfaction on the use of the FCM in their responses to the questionnaire and the interviews. As such, the current study recommends further research to study the effect of applying the FCM in areas and disciplines other than language learning.

Impact of Michigan’s new opioid prescribing laws on spine surgery patients: analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paul Park ◽  
Victor Chang ◽  
Hsueh-Han Yeh ◽  
Jason M. Schwalb ◽  
David R. Nerenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn 2017, Michigan passed new legislation designed to reduce opioid abuse. This study evaluated the impact of these new restrictive laws on preoperative narcotic use, short-term outcomes, and readmission rates after spinal surgery.METHODSPatient data from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of the new opioid laws (beginning July 1, 2018) were queried from the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database. Before and after implementation of the major elements of the new laws, 12,325 and 11,988 patients, respectively, were treated.RESULTSPatients before and after passage of the opioid laws had generally similar demographic and surgical characteristics. Notably, after passage of the opioid laws, the number of patients taking daily narcotics preoperatively decreased from 3783 (48.7%) to 2698 (39.7%; p < 0.0001). Three months postoperatively, there were no differences in minimum clinically important difference (56.0% vs 58.0%, p = 0.1068), numeric rating scale (NRS) score of back pain (3.5 vs 3.4, p = 0.1156), NRS score of leg pain (2.7 vs 2.7, p = 0.3595), satisfaction (84.4% vs 84.7%, p = 0.6852), or 90-day readmission rate (5.8% vs 6.2%, p = 0.3202) between groups. Although there was no difference in readmission rates, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more common (0.86% vs 1.22%, p = 0.0323).CONCLUSIONSThere was a meaningful decrease in preoperative narcotic use, but notably there was no apparent negative impact on postoperative recovery, patient satisfaction, or short-term outcomes after spinal surgery despite more restrictive opioid prescribing. Although the readmission rate did not significantly increase, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more frequently observed.

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