Simuliidotoxicosis of horses in the city of Kaluga and combat measures

Simulidotoxicosis is a toxic-allergic disease caused by the bites of midges of the order Diptera, family Simuliidae. Manifested by itching, papules, tissue edema, hyperemia. In the blood of animals, leukocytosis (eosinophilia), anemia and other signs of toxicoallergy are observed. The article describes the species composition of midges parasitizing on horses in Kaluga and the results of testing two insecticides for the prevention of equine simuliidotoxicosis. On the territory of Kaluga, the following species of midges parasitizing horses have been identified: Wilhelmia equina Linnaeus and Odagmia ornata Meigen. When insecticidal treatment of animals with preparations, the use of the spray-repellent "Extra Strength Insect Repellent" is more effective by 28% solution of wild rosemary, therefore, it is preferable for the prevention of simuliidotoxicosis of horses in the territory of Kaluga

Condition of entomophilic fauna on Hyssopus officinalis L. crops depending on ecotope conditions

Species diversity and number of potential pollinator species on H. officinalis seed crops in various ecotopes of farm fields were studied under the influence of “Bi-58 new” insecticide treatment and without preliminary treatment. The presence of 16 insect species belonging to four families of the genus Hymenoptera (Megachilida, Apidae, Halictidae and Vespidae), two families of the Diptera row (Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae) and one family of the genus Lepidoptera (Lycaenalidae) has been identified on the seed crops of H. officinalis. The insecticidal treatment in general did not significantly affect the total number of pollinators, but changed the species composition of pollinators and their number on the field area. As much as possible, the decrease in the prevalence and number of the Megachilida species was affected.

Risk of Spreading Soft Rot Through Cutting Dips Against Whiteflies in Greenhouse-Grown Poinsettia

Dipping is a quick and cost-effective technique to reduce pest infestations on unrooted cuttings of greenhouse ornamental crops. Large numbers of cuttings are immersed in an insecticidal treatment, e.g., biopesticides and/or insecticidal soap, before they are stuck in the growing medium and rooted. This research investigated the risk of cross-contamination of poinsettia cuttings with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a potentially devastating pathogen causing soft rot, through the dipping process. Sampling at four commercial greenhouses showed that P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum was present in all dip suspensions during and after processing poinsettia cuttings; concentrations up to 1 × 105 CFU/ml were detected. A laboratory experiment determined that P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum-infected cuttings could contaminate clean dip suspensions to similar levels. These results indicated that there is potential for disease transfer during dipping. The potential for cross-contamination of healthy cuttings was evaluated by immersing poinsettia cuttings in dip suspensions artificially inoculated with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (from 1 × 103 to 1 × 107 CFU/ml). Disease incidence increased as P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum concentrations in the dip suspension increased and the variety ‘Prestige Red’ was more susceptible than ‘Freedom White.’ However, even at the highest P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum concentration of 1 × 107 CFU/ml, the proportion of diseased cuttings was low at 6% for var. ‘Freedom White,’ but higher at 21% for var. ‘Prestige Red.’ We conclude that P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum transfer among unrooted poinsettia cuttings through the dipping process is relatively low although some varieties are sensitive to high levels of inoculum. Even so, strict sanitation practices are still important to prevent build-up of inoculum in the dip treatment.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОТРАВИТЕЛЕЙ В ПОСЕВАХ РАПСА В УСЛОВИЯХ РЯЗАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Определен видовой состав крестоцветных блошек в Рязанской области. Проведен подбор препаратов для защиты рапса ярового от крестоцветных блошек. Для этого применен системный подход к изучению воздействия пестицидов на вредителя. Представлена сравнительная эффективность препаратов разной химической природы, предназначенных для борьбы с крестоцветными блошками на рапсе яровом. Установлен видовой состав фитофагов в агроценозе рапса в условиях региона. Исследованиями подтверждено, что протравливание семян необходимый прием в агротехнологии, в том числе на рапсе в борьбе с крестоцветными блошками. В исследованиях выявлено, что наиболее эффективными против комплекса крестоцветных блошек являются протравители Круйзер Рапс, КС и Модесто, КС. Их применение позволило снизить численность крестоцветных блошек в 2,5 раза по сравнению с контролем и получить максимальную в среднем за три года прибавку урожая (40,5) за счет приемлемого уровня подавления популяций вредителей и продолжительности действия. Предложено для защиты всходов рапса от крестоцветных блошек рекомендовать к широкому внедрению в производство протравители семян типа Круйзер Рапс, КС и Модесто, КС. Такие препараты подавляют вредителей до уровня ниже экономического порога вредоносности, обеспечивают существенную прибавку урожая, оказывают минимальное негативное влияние на нецелевые организмы агроценоза, их применение исключает проведение дополнительной инсектицидной обработки.The species composition of cruciferous fleas in the Ryazan region was determined. The selection of preparations for the protection of spring rape from cruciferous fleas was carried out. For this, a systematic approach to the study of the effects of pesticides on the pest was applied. Comparative effectiveness of preparations of different chemical nature intended for controlling cruciferous flea on spring rape is provided. The species composition of phytophages in the rape agrocenosis in the region has been established. Studies have confirmed that seed dressing is a necessary technique in agricultural technology, including canola in the fight against cruciferous flea. The studies revealed that the most effective against the cruciferous flea complex are the protectants Kruiser Rape, KS and Modesto, KS. Their use made it possible to reduce the number of cruciferous fleas by 2.5 times in comparison with the control and to obtain the maximum yield increase on average over three years (40.5) due to an acceptable level of suppression of pest populations and duration of action. It is proposed to protect seedlings of rapeseed against cruciferous fleas that seed dressers such as Kruiser Rapeseed, KS and Modesto, KS should be widely introduced into production. Such drugs suppress pests to a level below the economic threshold of harmfulness, provide a significant increase in yield, have a minimal negative effect on non-target organisms of agrocenosis, their use excludes additional insecticidal treatment.

EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN POPULASI DAN SERANGAN LIRIOMYZA, SP PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH LOKAL PALU (Allium cepa L.x Wakegi Araki) DI DESA GUNTARANO KECAMATAN TANANTOVEA KABUPATEN DONGGALA

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of some insecticides on the population development and attack Liriomyza sp on local Palu onions. The research conducted from Februari to April 2017, at Guntarano village, Tanantovea Sub-District, Donggala District. The study used Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of four treatments, namely Po.Control; P1. Abamectin; P2. Azadiractin; P3. Dimohipo. Each treatment was repeated three times so that 12 treatments were obtained. The results showed that the insecticidal treatment had an effect on the development of the varied Liriomyza sp. Adult population at various plant age levels. Observations on plant age 5 and 6 of MST showed that abamectin insecticides were effective in suppressing the growth larvae populations of Liriomyza sp compared with the treatment of Azadiractin, Dimohipo and non-treated insecticides.

Evaluation of insecticides against blister beetle (Mylabris pustulata Thunb.) on pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan

Blister beetle, Mylabris pustulata (Family: Meloidae: Coleoptera) an important pest of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan when fed on its different floral parts including petals, anthers, stigma and ovary. Stigma and ovary were damaged and there was no pod formation. In view of its significant damage potential, a few number of insecticides were evaluated against the beetles in the laboratory: thiodicarb (0.09%), chlorpyriphos (0.10%), quinalphos (0.10%), cypermethrin (0.007%), deltamethrin (0.012%) and novaluron (0.10%). Fresh pigeonpea twigs bearing flowers were dipped for 5 seconds in requisite concentrations of different insecticides and allowed to air dry at room temperature (28oC). For each treatment, three replicates were taken and dead beetle were counted 24 and 48 hours after release. Observations after 24 hours of application indicated that thiodicarb (84.23 %), chlorpyriphos (57.50 %), quinalphos (37.31 %) and cypermethrin (29.77 %) significantly reduced blister beetle population compared with the control (without insecticidal treatment). After 48 hours, all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over control. Maximum cumulative mortality (100%) was observed in thiodicarb followed by quinalphos (95.7%), cypermethrin (95.7%) and chlorpyriphos (91.6%), while minimum in novaluron and deltamethrin. It was concluded from the studies that among the different insecticidal treatments thiodicarb (0.09%) proved most effective which brought 99.75 % mortality even 24 hours after the treatment.